CN109579650A - A kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass - Google Patents
A kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109579650A CN109579650A CN201910081342.3A CN201910081342A CN109579650A CN 109579650 A CN109579650 A CN 109579650A CN 201910081342 A CN201910081342 A CN 201910081342A CN 109579650 A CN109579650 A CN 109579650A
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- Prior art keywords
- rock mass
- hole
- static
- boundary
- static blasting
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of static blasting methods of no free boundary rock mass, comprising the following steps: 1) determines burst region and explosion boundary；2) emptying aperture is laid on explosion boundary, and charging hole and compensation hole are laid inside burst region；3) static crushing substance is added to charging hole, carries out static blasting.Compared with prior art, the present invention in the rock mass of no free boundary by constructing artificial free boundary, and added inside burst region with charging hole be in quincunx laying compensation hole, to reduce the constraint of rock mass to be blasted, high stress areas is set sufficiently to cover region to be blasted, achieve the purpose that effectively broken, suitable for the static blasting to no free boundary or few free boundary rock mass, it can reduce because rock mass constraint is excessive caused by lacking free boundary, the bad situation of demolition effect, ensure the static blasting effect under harsh constraint condition, realize the disposable region-wide interior noiseless static blasting for carrying out rock mass.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock mass Static Blasting Technique fields, are related to a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass.
Background technique
The static blasting of rock mass is referred in engineering constructions such as road, bridge, mine, tunnel, water conservancy, foundation pit and hole stakes
In, it replaces explosive to carry out explosion to rock mass using static breaking agent, meets hydrate expansion technique using noiseless static breaking agent,
Reach a kind of construction method for excavating purpose.The static blasting method used in the prior art compares the presence for relying on free boundary
(in free boundary, rock mass expansion direction is not constrained, can be with free wxpansion), when needs excavate on huge rockmass
When, due to not having free boundary, expansion space of the rock mass under static breaking agent effect is limited, thus is difficult to realize area to be blasted
The rock crushing in domain is unable to reach effectively broken purpose.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of no free boundary rocks
The static blasting method of body.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass, method includes the following steps:
1) burst region and explosion boundary are determined；
2) emptying aperture is laid on explosion boundary, and charging hole and compensation hole are laid inside burst region；
3) static crushing substance is added to charging hole, carries out static blasting.
Further, in step 1), the burst region is polygon or round.Polygon includes square, rectangular
Shape, triangle, parallelogram, diamond shape or trapezoidal etc., circle include positive round, ellipse or multifocal null circle etc..
Further, in step 2), before laying emptying aperture on explosion boundary, the operation above burst region is first cleared up
Face.
Further, in step 2), uniformly distributed multiple emptying apertures on the explosion boundary.Multiple emptying apertures are enclosed quick-fried
Broken region.
Further, the aperture of the emptying aperture is 40-60mm, and the distance between adjacent two emptying aperture is 200-250mm.
Further, in step 2), multiple charging hole rows and multiple benefits are successively alternately laid inside the burst region
Repay hole row.
Further, charging hole row includes multiple charging holes being disposed in parallel in inside burst region, described
The aperture of charging hole is 38-42mm, and the distance between adjacent two charging hole is 200-300mm；The compensation hole row includes more
A compensation hole being disposed in parallel in inside burst region, the aperture of the compensation hole are 38-42mm, between adjacent two compensation hole
Distance be 200-300mm.Charging hole and compensation hole are in a row laid, for loading the static crushing of explosion in charging hole
Agent, release rock mass stress forms crack when compensation hole is used for explosion.
Further, the charging hole arranges the distance between compensation hole row as 200-300mm, and the powder charge
Hole and the interlaced setting of compensation hole, in quincunx.
Further, distance between the minimum range between the charging hole and explosion boundary≤adjacent two charging hole
Half.Minimum range between charging hole and explosion boundary is minimum burden.
Further, in step 3), the static crushing substance is the mixture of static breaking agent and water.
In the present invention, emptying aperture, charging hole and compensation hole are vertical hole.The depth of emptying aperture, charging hole and compensation hole is
1.05H, wherein H is depth to be blasted, and is no more than 1.5m；When depth to be blasted is more than 1.5m, it is layered explosion.
The present invention closely lays multiple emptying apertures in the explosion boundary of rock mass, constitutes artificial free boundary, and in charging hole
Compensation hole in a row is laid between row to discharge the bulbs of pressure, finally weakens confining pressure suffered by rock mass to be blasted.Pass through
The pressure of artificial free boundary and compensation hole that emptying aperture is constituted discharges so that rock mass obtains bigger expansion space, induces simultaneously
The uneven distribution of rock mass internal stress lures that crack generates and development into so that stress concentration phenomenon is more prone to produce.Pass through benefit
The quincunx distribution for repaying hole and charging hole, the pressure for generating static breaking agent expansion sufficiently cover region to be blasted, promote to split
Seam generates development.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the characteristics that:
1) by constructing artificial free boundary (laying emptying aperture on explosion boundary) in the rock mass of no free boundary,
To surround burst region, and add inside burst region be in charging hole quincunx laying compensation hole, it is to be blasted to reduce
The constraint of rock mass makes high stress areas sufficiently cover region to be blasted, achievees the purpose that effectively to be crushed, be suitable for no free margins
The static blasting of boundary or few free boundary rock mass can be reduced because rock mass constrains excessive, explosion caused by lacking free boundary
Ineffective situation, it is ensured that the static blasting effect under harsh constraint condition realizes disposable region-wide interior progress rock
The noiseless static blasting of body；
2) the advantages of remaining low noise, self raising flour dirt, low vibration and the low pollution of static blasting method, easy to operate, solution
Traditional static of having determined blasting method relies on free boundary, the problem ineffective to no free boundary rock blasting, improves quick-fried
Broken efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is static blasting construction process schematic diagram in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the top view of 1 central holing structure of embodiment, wherein it is burst region inside rectangle ABDC, line segment AB, BD,
DC, CA are the artificial free boundary that emptying aperture is constituted, i.e. explosion boundary；
Description of symbols in figure:
1-emptying aperture, 2-charging holes, 3-compensation holes.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of key step of the static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass is as follows:
Step 1: determining burst region, explosion boundary is set centered on burst region；
Specifically, by needed for engineering excavation spatial dimension extend outwardly 1m region in be determined as burst region.Foundation
Requirement of engineering, static blasting region can be rectangle, be also possible to other shapes.Using burst region edge as explosion boundary.
Step 2: work surface above cleaning burst region guarantees that it works suitable for subsequent static blasting；
Specifically, the process of work surface includes: above cleaning burst region
Vegetation, barrier, ponding and the soil layer etc. above burst region are cleared up, work surface no-sundries are kept；By work surface
It is covered with clad can Protective film, keeps lower rock temperature.Equipment quantity needed for constructing and equipment working performance are examined, medicine is examined
Agent reliability (Packing Intact, heat release without exception).
Step 3: laying emptying aperture 1 on explosion boundary, constitute artificial free boundary；
Specifically, according to the scheme arrangement figure provided, by bore position setting-out needed for whole in burst region.With hand-held gas
Leg churn drills according to setting-out position, and boring direction is perpendicular to horizontal plane.Emptying aperture aperture DIt is emptyIt is taken as 40-60mm, emptying aperture pitch-row a
It is taken as 200-250mm, is arranged in rows.It gets the small value when rock mass quality to be broken is hard, can use the larger value when soft.Emptying aperture 1
Depth is 1.05H, and wherein H is depth to be blasted.
Step 4: charging hole 2 and compensation hole 3 are laid in burst region；
Specifically, according to the scheme arrangement figure provided, by bore position setting-out needed for whole in burst region.With hand-held gas
Leg churn drills according to setting-out position, and boring direction is perpendicular to horizontal plane.Charging hole aperture DMedicineIt is taken as 38-42mm, charging hole
Pitch-row b is taken as 200-300mm, is arranged in rows.It gets the small value when rock mass quality to be broken is hard, can use the larger value when soft.
2 depth of charging hole is 1.05H, and wherein H is depth to be blasted.Compensation hole aperture DIt mendsIt is taken as 38-42mm, compensation hole pitch-row c is taken as
200-300mm is arranged in rows.
Specifically, charging hole row is alternately arranged with compensation hole row, standoff distance 200-300mm；Charging hole 2 and compensation hole
3 interlock, and present quincunx.
Specifically, remaining water and ash slag application high-pressure blast purging are clean in each drilling, should be completely without native rock ballast by aperture.
Work surface clad can Protective film should be covered after drilling, before powder charge.
Step 5: by static breaking agent and water mix；
Specifically, the quality of every hole powder charge can be by relational expression Q=ρ π r2H is calculated, wherein ρ is quiet after mix
State cracking agent density, r are powder charge pore radius (DMedicine/ 2), H is depth to be blasted；It can also be estimated according to estimation formula is simplified
Q=2.2H weighs the intact static breaking agent of performance (2.2H) kg, the clean water (0.66H) that temperature is 30 DEG C or so every time
Static breaking agent, is first placed in mix basin, then clean water is poured into, is stirred with poking bar by kg (the 30% of static breaking agent quality)
It mixes uniformly, the face for making wet and loose is cotton-shaped or clay shape.
Step 6: loading static breaking agent into charging hole 2, and block charging hole 2；
Clad can Protective film is opened, the static breaking agent mixed powder charge spoon and big funnel are packed into charging hole 2, while not
It is disconnected with rod tamping is disclosed, avoid in hole that there are bubbles for static breaking agent.
When powder charge, from centre to two sides successively powder charge, the charging hole 2 in same row fills different charging holes row in a direction
Medicine, until all 2 powder charges of charging hole are completed.Be already equipped with above the charging hole 2 of static breaking agent forbid stand with visually.
Staff need to wear safety goggles and rubber gloves in entire powder charge process, institute clothing should cover skin as far as possible
Skin.Static breaking agent mix is completed to powder charge, and the time should shorten as far as possible, is controlled within 5 minutes, is prevented mentioning for static breaking agent
Preceding reaction.The static breaking agent for having bubbled and having scalded one's hand is forbidden in load hole.
Blocking charging hole is rolled up with cotton.
Step 7: broken removing being carried out to rock mass after waiting static breaking agent fully reacting.
Specifically, after 6 hours of powder charge, the crack progressing situation around a hour observation charging hole is chosen and is represented
Three, crack of property, carries out width measurement with vernier caliper and records.When continuously changing value is small three times for the fracture width numerical value of record
Crack is regarded as in the 0.1mm moment and reaches maximum width, can be stopped recording.Whole process should wear protective ocular, and clothing should cover
Lid skin is forbidden to spy upon into charging hole.
After fracture width stops developing, the rock mass of cracking is further crushed with pneumatic pick and is peeled off, detritus should transport out of in time
Scene.
It is other basic in the technology other than the key step and set-up mode enumerated in the present embodiment
Refer to the prior art for technology contents, and this embodiment is not repeated.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass, comprising the following steps:
1) polygon burst region and explosion boundary are determined；
2) work surface above burst region is cleared up, later uniformly distributed multiple emptying apertures 1 on explosion boundary, emptying aperture 1
Aperture is 40mm, and the distance between adjacent two emptying aperture 1 is 200mm；
3) multiple charging hole rows and multiple compensation holes row, charging hole row and compensation are successively alternately laid inside burst region
The distance between hole row is 200mm；Charging hole row includes multiple charging holes 2 being disposed in parallel in inside burst region, charging hole 2
Aperture be 38mm, the distance between adjacent two charging hole 2 be 200mm；Compensation hole row is disposed in parallel in blast area including multiple
Compensation hole 3 inside domain, the aperture of compensation hole 3 are 38mm, and the distance between adjacent two compensation hole 3 is 200mm；Multiple charging holes
2 with the interlaced setting of multiple compensation holes 3, between minimum range=adjacent two charging hole 2 between charging hole 2 and explosion boundary
The half of distance；
3) mixture of static breaking agent and water is added to charging hole 2, carries out static blasting.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass, comprising the following steps:
1) round burst region and explosion boundary are determined；
2) work surface above burst region is cleared up, later uniformly distributed multiple emptying apertures 1 on explosion boundary, emptying aperture 1
Aperture is 60mm, and the distance between adjacent two emptying aperture 1 is 250mm；
3) multiple charging hole rows and multiple compensation holes row, charging hole row and compensation are successively alternately laid inside burst region
The distance between hole row is 300mm；Charging hole row includes multiple charging holes 2 being disposed in parallel in inside burst region, charging hole 2
Aperture be 42mm, the distance between adjacent two charging hole 2 be 300mm；Compensation hole row is disposed in parallel in blast area including multiple
Compensation hole 3 inside domain, the aperture of compensation hole 3 are 42mm, and the distance between adjacent two compensation hole 3 is 300mm；Multiple charging holes
2 with the interlaced setting of multiple compensation holes 3, between minimum range < adjacent two charging hole 2 between charging hole 2 and explosion boundary
The half of distance；
3) mixture of static breaking agent and water is added to charging hole 2, carries out static blasting.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass, comprising the following steps:
1) burst region and explosion boundary are determined；
2) work surface above burst region is cleared up, later uniformly distributed multiple emptying apertures 1 on explosion boundary, emptying aperture 1
Aperture is 50mm, and the distance between adjacent two emptying aperture 1 is 220mm；
3) multiple charging hole rows and multiple compensation holes row, charging hole row and compensation are successively alternately laid inside burst region
The distance between hole row is 220mm；Charging hole row includes multiple charging holes 2 being disposed in parallel in inside burst region, charging hole 2
Aperture be 40mm, the distance between adjacent two charging hole 2 be 220mm；Compensation hole row is disposed in parallel in blast area including multiple
Compensation hole 3 inside domain, the aperture of compensation hole 3 are 40mm, and the distance between adjacent two compensation hole 3 is 220mm；Multiple charging holes
2 with the interlaced setting of multiple compensation holes 3, between minimum range≤adjacent two charging hole 2 between charging hole 2 and explosion boundary
The half of distance；
3) mixture of static breaking agent and water is added to charging hole 2, carries out static blasting.
The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention.
Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make various modifications to these embodiments, and described herein general
Principle is applied in other embodiments without having to go through creative labor.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, ability
Field technique personnel announcement according to the present invention, improvement and modification made without departing from the scope of the present invention all should be of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
1) burst region and explosion boundary are determined；
2) emptying aperture (1) is laid on explosion boundary, and lays charging hole (2) and compensation hole (3) inside burst region；
3) static crushing substance is added to charging hole (2), carries out static blasting.
2. a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1)
In, the burst region is polygon or round.
3. a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2)
In, before laying emptying aperture (1) on explosion boundary, first clear up the work surface above burst region.
4. a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2)
In, uniformly distributed multiple emptying apertures (1) on the explosion boundary.
5. a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the sky
The aperture in hole (1) is 40-60mm, and the distance between adjacent two emptying aperture (1) is 200-250mm.
6. a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2)
In, multiple charging hole rows and multiple compensation holes row are successively alternately laid inside the burst region.
7. a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the dress
Medicine hole row includes multiple charging holes (2) being disposed in parallel in inside burst region, and the aperture of the charging hole (2) is 38-
42mm, the distance between adjacent two charging hole (2) are 200-300mm；The described compensation hole row include it is multiple be disposed in parallel in it is quick-fried
Compensation hole (3) inside broken region, the aperture of the compensation hole (3) are 38-42mm, between adjacent two compensation hole (3) away from
From for 200-300mm.
8. a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the dress
The distance between medicine hole row and compensation hole row are 200-300mm, and the charging hole (2) and compensation hole (3) is interlaced
Setting.
9. a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the dress
The half of distance between minimum range≤adjacent two charging hole (2) between medicine hole (2) and explosion boundary.
10. a kind of static blasting method of no free boundary rock mass according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3)
In, the static crushing substance is the mixture of static breaking agent and water.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN110905505A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-24 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting |
| CN112683119A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-20 | 莱芜莱新铁矿有限责任公司 | Electronic detonator underground blasting construction method |
| CN112709243A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-27 | 中铁广州工程局集团有限公司 | Construction method of lock catch steel pipe pile cofferdam bearing platform |
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