CN110905505A - Coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting - Google Patents
Coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110905505A CN110905505A CN201911189405.3A CN201911189405A CN110905505A CN 110905505 A CN110905505 A CN 110905505A CN 201911189405 A CN201911189405 A CN 201911189405A CN 110905505 A CN110905505 A CN 110905505A
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- coal
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- working face
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/14—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by compressed air; by gas blast; by gasifying liquids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
Abstract
A coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting belongs to the technical field of mining, and comprises the following steps: (1) setting a blasting borehole, (2) setting a hollow hole, (3) blasting carbon dioxide, (4) charging coal, and (5) transporting and circularly mining; according to the invention, aiming at the working face mining process with a large coal seam inclination angle and complex geological conditions, a carbon dioxide blasting coal mining method is adopted to realize coal breakage of the working face, the blasting power is large, the coal throwing amount is large, the block size is large, the throwing distance is short, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced; in addition, the ratio of blasting coal dust is obviously reduced, the hidden danger of coal dust explosion is greatly reduced, the hidden danger of conventional blasting gas explosion is avoided, the oxidative cracking device can be repeatedly used, the coal mining cost is low, and the coal mining device is particularly suitable for mining of working faces with large coal bed inclination angles and complex geological conditions. The method has wide application prospect, and can improve the coal mining efficiency by more than 80% and the coal lump yield by more than 20% compared with the traditional explosive blasting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to a coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting.
Background
The liquid carbon dioxide blaster is a device for breaking rocks or coal drops by utilizing the liquid carbon dioxide to be vaporized and expanded by heating, quickly releasing high-pressure gas and releasing enough blasting energy, replaces the detonator explosive in the traditional coal mining or deep hole presplitting blasting, overcomes the defects of large destructiveness, large danger, ore body crushing and the like in the traditional blasting mining and presplitting, has the advantages of no spark, no blasting fume, large blasting power, reusability and the like, and is ideal substitute equipment for the traditional explosive.
At present, explosive blasting is a main coal breaking mode in the working face mining process with a large coal seam inclination angle and complex geological conditions. In the prior art, the explosive blasting mining method has low mining efficiency and hidden danger of gas explosion. Therefore, the invention adopts the carbon dioxide blasting coal mining method to realize the coal falling of the working face, and the coal mining process has the advantages of large blasting power, large coal throwing amount, low labor intensity of workers and the like. The coal mining method can improve the lump yield of coal, reduce the ratio of blasting coal dust and avoid the hidden trouble of conventional blasting gas explosion. Meanwhile, the dioxide formation cracking device used for blasting can be repeatedly used, the coal mining cost is low, and the method is particularly suitable for mining of working faces with large coal seam inclination angles and complex geological conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of low mining efficiency and gas explosion danger in the mining process of a blasting mining working face with a large coal seam inclination angle and complex geological conditions, the invention provides a coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting, wherein a liquid carbon dioxide blaster is used for blasting at a specific position of a coal body, and the trend of cracks is guided by combining a guide hole, so that the coal throwing amount and the coal block yield are improved, and the hidden danger of conventional gas explosion blasting can be avoided, and the specific technical scheme comprises the following steps:
a group of mutually parallel blasting drill holes are respectively arranged on coal bodies facing the inner side of the working face along the inclination of the working face in a transportation gallery and a return air gallery of the working face, and the blasting drill holes are arranged in a vertical plane parallel to the coal wall of the working face, wherein the blasting drill holes comprise a blasting drill hole I at the interface of a top plate and a bottom plate of a coal seam and the coal seam and a blasting drill hole II positioned in the coal seam; the distance L between the blasting drill hole I and the blasting drill hole II and the coal wall of the working face is 1-2 m, namely the circulation footage is 1-2 m, as shown in the figure 1-2;
3 holes for guiding are obliquely arranged along the working face in a vertical plane between the blasting drill hole and the coal wall of the working face, wherein the holes comprise a hole I at the interface between the top plate and the bottom plate of the coal bed and a hole II at the middle layer of the coal bed, and the holes are shown in FIG. 2;
and 3, blasting:
installing a liquid carbon dioxide blaster in each blasting drill hole arranged in the step 1, and sealing holes by adopting a rubber hole sealing device; starting the blasting machine after connecting the lead wires to simultaneously blast the liquid carbon dioxide blasting machines in the drill holes;
under the action of blasting impact, the damaged coal falls into a scraper conveyor close to the coal wall, and a front canopy of the hydraulic support is rapidly pushed, so that the side protecting plate can effectively support the newly exposed coal in time;
and 5, carrying out coal transportation and circulating mining:
starting a scraper conveyor to convey coal, and conveying the fallen coal to a telescopic belt conveyor in a conveying roadway through the scraper conveyor to convey the coal out; after the coal is conveyed out, pushing the scraper conveyor and the hydraulic support in time, moving the scraper conveyor to a new working face coal wall, and repeating the steps 1-5 until the whole working face is completely mined;
the coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting comprises the following steps:
in the step 1, the diameter of the blasting drill hole is 60-90 mm, and the horizontal distance between the bottoms of two groups of blasting drill holes, namely the transportation drift and the air return drift, is 1-2 m;
in the step 1, the distance between blasting drill holes is 1-2 m;
in the step 2, the diameter of the hollow hole is 60-90 mm, and the horizontal distance between the bottoms of two groups of hollow holes arranged in the transportation drift and the air return drift is 1-2 m;
in the step 2, when the coal seam is a high-gas coal seam, setting a hollow hole II of a middle layer of the coal seam in advance in the whole working face range, installing a gas extraction pipeline, and extracting gas on the working face in advance;
and in the step 3, a coal baffle plate is arranged on the outer side of the scraper conveyor, so that all the blasted coal falls into the scraper conveyor.
Compared with the prior art, the coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the liquid carbon dioxide blaster is used for blasting and mining coal at blasting mining working faces with large coal seam inclination angles and complex geological conditions, so that the problems of low blasting and mining efficiency, hidden gas explosion hazards and the like of the traditional explosives are solved.
And secondly, the arrangement mode of blasting drilling is changed from short drilling holes which are blasted by explosives and are vertical to the coal wall of the working face into long drilling holes which are blasted by liquid carbon dioxide and are parallel to the coal wall of the working face, so that the improvement of the working efficiency is facilitated. The blasting mining method has the advantages of large coal throwing amount, high lump discharging rate, short throwing distance and low blasting coal powder ratio, reduces the strength of workers, and can not cause blasting and people collapsing accidents.
And thirdly, the holes arranged on the coal seam top and bottom plate can control the development of blasting cracks along the boundary, so that the coal loss caused by mining of the working face is reduced, and the smoothness of the working face top plate is ensured, thereby being beneficial to top plate support. The middle layer of the coal seam is provided with the hollow hole, so that the development of a coal body blasting crack can be promoted, the blasting effect is improved, and the hollow hole can be used as a gas drainage drilling hole for extracting gas on a working face in advance.
The invention can be suitable for underground coal mining under complex conditions, has strong applicability to mining conditions, and is particularly suitable for mining of working faces with large coal seam inclination angles and complex geological conditions. Meanwhile, the method can also be applied to underground mining of other ore resources such as iron ores and the like.
The method has the advantages of simple process, strong operability, important practical significance and social benefit in the aspects of ensuring safe and efficient mining of coal mines, saving mining cost, improving economic benefit, maintaining social stability and the like, and wide application prospect, and compared with the traditional explosive blasting, the method can improve the coal mining efficiency by more than 80% and the coal lump yield by more than 20%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic working surface view;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of section A-A during operation of the method of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a transportation drift, 2-a return air drift, 3-a working face, 4-a hydraulic support, 5-a scraper conveyor, 6-a coal baffle, 7-a telescopic belt conveyor, 8-blasting drill holes I, 9-blasting drill holes II, 10-a hollow hole I, 11-a hollow hole II, 12-a coal layer, 13-a bottom plate, 14-a top plate and 15-a working face coal wall.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Taking the mining of a certain coal mine in Shanxi province as an example, the thickness of the coal seam is 2.3m, the top plate is 2m of sandy mudstone, and the bottom plate is 1m of conglomerate. The coal seam burial depth is 200m, and the average dip angle is 15 degrees. The working face has a run length of 800m and a dip length of 90 m. Working face relative gas emission amount of 15m3T, absolute gas emission 50m3And/min. The coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting comprises the following steps:
the coal body which is bound to the inner side of the working face 3 in the transportation drift 1 and the return air drift 2 of the working face 3 is respectively provided with a group of mutually parallel blasting drill holes along the inclination of the working face 3, and the blasting drill holes are arranged in a vertical plane parallel to the coal wall of the working face 3, wherein the blasting drill holes comprise a blasting drill hole I8 at the interface of a top plate 14 and a bottom plate 13 of a coal seam 12 and the coal seam 12 and a blasting drill hole II 9 positioned in the coal seam 12; the distance L between the blasting drill hole I and the blasting drill hole II and the coal wall 15 of the working face is 1m, namely the circulation footage is 1m, as shown in the figure 1-2;
3 guide holes are inclined along the working face in a vertical plane between the blast hole and the coal wall of the working face 3, wherein the guide holes comprise a hole I10 at the interface of a top plate 14 and a bottom plate 13 of a coal seam 12 and the coal seam 12 and a hole II 11 positioned in the middle of the coal seam 12, and the hole I and the hole II are shown in FIG. 2;
and 3, blasting:
installing a liquid carbon dioxide blaster in each blasting drill hole arranged in the step 1, and sealing holes by adopting a rubber hole sealing device; starting the blasting machine after connecting the lead wires to simultaneously blast the liquid carbon dioxide blasting machines in the drill holes;
under the action of blasting impact, the damaged coal falls into a scraper conveyor 5 close to the coal wall, and a front canopy of the hydraulic support 4 is rapidly pushed, so that the side protecting plate can effectively support the newly exposed coal in time;
and 5, carrying out coal transportation and circulating mining:
starting a scraper conveyor 5 to convey coal, and conveying the fallen coal to a telescopic belt conveyor 7 in the transportation roadway 1 through the scraper conveyor 5 to convey the coal out; after the coal is transported out, pushing the scraper conveyor 5 and the hydraulic support 4 in time, moving the scraper conveyor 5 to a new working face coal wall, and repeating the steps 1-5 until the whole working face 3 is completely mined;
the coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting comprises the following steps:
in the step 1, the diameter of the blasting drill hole is 60mm, and the horizontal distance between the hole bottoms of the two groups of blasting drill holes is 1m in the transportation drift 1 and the air return drift 2;
in the step 1, the distance between blasting drill holes is 1 m;
in the step 2, the diameter of the hollow hole is 60mm, and the horizontal distance between the bottoms of the two groups of hollow holes is 1m in the transportation drift 1 and the air return drift 2;
in the step 2, the mined coal seam is a high-gas coal seam, a hole II 11 of the middle layer position of the coal seam is arranged in advance in the range of the whole working face 3, a gas extraction pipeline is installed, and gas of the working face 3 is extracted in advance;
in the step 3, a coal blocking plate 6 is arranged on the outer side of the scraper conveyor 5, so that all the blasted coal falls into the scraper conveyor 5.
After the working face is mined, the coal mining efficiency can be improved by 90%, and the coal block yield is improved by 23%.
Claims (6)
1. A coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting comprises the following steps:
step 1, setting blasting and drilling:
a group of mutually parallel blasting drill holes are respectively arranged on coal bodies facing the inner side of the working face along the inclination of the working face in a transportation gallery and a return air gallery of the working face, and the blasting drill holes are arranged in a vertical plane parallel to the coal wall of the working face, wherein the blasting drill holes comprise a blasting drill hole I at the interface of a top plate and a bottom plate of a coal seam and the coal seam and a blasting drill hole II positioned in the coal seam; the distance L between the blasting drill hole I and the blasting drill hole II and the coal wall of the working face is 1-2 m, namely the circulating footage is 1-2 m;
step 2, setting a hole:
3 holes for guiding are obliquely arranged along the working face in a vertical plane between the blasting drill hole and the coal wall of the working face, wherein the holes comprise a hole I at the interface of a top plate and a bottom plate of the coal layer and a hole II at the middle position of the coal layer;
and 3, blasting:
installing a liquid carbon dioxide blaster in each blasting drill hole arranged in the step 1, and sealing holes by adopting a rubber hole sealing device; starting the blasting machine after connecting the lead wires to simultaneously blast the liquid carbon dioxide blasting machines in the drill holes;
step 4, coal charging:
under the action of blasting impact, the damaged coal falls into a scraper conveyor close to the coal wall, and a front canopy of the hydraulic support is rapidly pushed, so that the side protecting plate can effectively support the newly exposed coal in time;
step 5, coal conveying and circulating mining:
starting a scraper conveyor to convey coal, and conveying the fallen coal to a telescopic belt conveyor in a conveying roadway through the scraper conveyor to convey the coal out; and (3) after the coal is conveyed out, pushing the scraper conveyor and the hydraulic support in time, moving the scraper conveyor to a new working face coal wall, and repeating the steps 1-5 until the whole working face is completely mined.
2. The coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the diameter of the blasting drill hole is 60-90 mm, and the horizontal distance between the bottoms of two groups of blasting drill holes arranged in the transportation drift and the return air drift is 1-2 m.
3. The coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the distance between blasting drill holes is 1-2 m.
4. The coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the diameter of the hollow hole is 60-90 mm, and the horizontal distance between the bottom of the two sets of hollow holes arranged in the transportation drift and the return air drift is 1-2 m.
5. The coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when the coal mining layer is a high-gas coal mining layer, a hole II of a middle layer of the coal mining layer is arranged in advance in the whole working face range, a gas extraction pipeline is installed, and gas on the working face is extracted in advance.
6. The coal mining method based on carbon dioxide blasting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, a coal baffle plate is arranged on the outer side of the scraper conveyor, so that the blasted coal falls into the scraper conveyor completely.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114353608A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-15 | 金当量能源科技(山东)有限公司 | Safe ore mining method |
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