CN109570664B - Preparation method of micro tool electrode - Google Patents

Preparation method of micro tool electrode Download PDF

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CN109570664B
CN109570664B CN201811532309.XA CN201811532309A CN109570664B CN 109570664 B CN109570664 B CN 109570664B CN 201811532309 A CN201811532309 A CN 201811532309A CN 109570664 B CN109570664 B CN 109570664B
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electrode
rod
processed
shaped electrode
block
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CN109570664A (en
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邹祥和
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Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
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Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H5/00Combined machining
    • B23H5/06Electrochemical machining combined with mechanical working, e.g. grinding or honing
    • B23H5/08Electrolytic grinding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H5/00Combined machining
    • B23H5/10Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a micro tool electrode, which takes a rod-shaped electrode to be processed as an anode and a block electrode as a cathode, and adjusts the relative motion of the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be processed according to the electrochemical anode dissolution principle so as to prepare the micro tool electrodes with different shapes. The invention ensures that the electrolyte immerses the block electrode and the to-be-processed area of the to-be-processed rod electrode, realizes complete electrolytic processing, adopts the block electrode with a certain thickness as the cathode, enlarges the electrolytic reaction area, is beneficial to improving the corrosion removal rate of the anode and improves the preparation efficiency of the micro tool electrode.

Description

Preparation method of micro tool electrode
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrolytic machining, in particular to a preparation method of a micro tool electrode.
Background
The miniaturized product has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low energy consumption and the like, has great influence on the development of the fields of instruments, bioengineering, medical treatment and the like, and becomes one of the hot problems of research. Microfabrication is a supporting technology for miniaturization of products, and a microfabrication tool is one of the necessary conditions for achieving microfabrication, which directly affects the processing accuracy, minimum processing dimension, and processing stability of microfabrication.
The electrolytic grinding combined machining is an electric discharge combined machining method which is widely applied in recent years, and the technology is characterized in that an electrolytic machining power supply is added on the basis of a traditional grinding machine tool, and machining voltage is applied between a grinding wheel and a workpiece, and meanwhile, electrolyte sprayed by a grinding layer is matched, so that materials can be removed through grinding of the grinding wheel, and the electrolytic machining removed materials can be formed between the grinding wheel and the workpiece. However, the technology mainly uses grinding wheels to grind and remove workpiece materials, uses electrolytic machining to remove auxiliary materials, is low in machining efficiency, and compared with traditional grinding machining, the machining efficiency is not remarkably improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a fine tool electrode, which achieves the technical effect of improving the preparation efficiency of the fine tool electrode.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method of making a fine tool electrode, the method comprising:
clamping a rod-shaped electrode to be machined on an electric spindle, adjusting the rod-shaped electrode to be machined to be in a vertical state, and locking the rod-shaped electrode to be machined through a nut;
fixing the block electrode on a support plate, and fixing the support plate in an electrolytic cell;
adjusting the distance between the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be processed according to a preset initial processing gap;
connecting the rod-shaped electrode to be processed with the positive electrode of a processing power supply, and connecting the block electrode with the negative electrode of the processing power supply;
starting an electrolyte circulating system to enable the electrolyte to immerse the block electrode and the to-be-processed area of the to-be-processed rod electrode;
and switching on the machining power supply, starting a control program of an industrial personal computer, and finishing machining of the micro tool electrode.
Optionally, clamping the rod-shaped electrode to be processed on the electric spindle, adjusting the rod-shaped electrode to be processed to be in a vertical state, and locking the rod-shaped electrode to be processed through a nut specifically includes:
clamping one end of the rod-shaped electrode to be processed on the electric spindle;
the other end of the rod-shaped electrode to be processed respectively passes through an upper arm rod and a lower arm rod of the clamp;
fixing the clamp on the connecting rod;
utilizing a vertical corrector to adjust the rod-shaped electrode to be processed to enable the rod-shaped electrode to be processed to be in a vertical state;
and locking the rod-shaped electrode to be processed with the electric spindle through a nut.
Optionally, the adjusting the distance between the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be processed according to the preset initial processing gap specifically includes:
firstly, adjusting the processing gap between the block electrode and the rod electrode to be processed by visual observation;
and further carrying out tool setting by using a tool setting device to enable the machining gap between the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be machined to be the initial machining gap.
Optionally, the starting of the electrolyte circulation system to immerse the block electrode and the to-be-processed region of the to-be-processed rod electrode with electrolyte specifically includes:
opening the micro submersible pump to enable the electrolyte circulation system to start to circulate the electrolyte;
and adjusting a flow valve according to the capacity of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell, so that the electrolyte submerges the block electrode and the to-be-processed area of the to-be-processed rod electrode.
Optionally, before the turning on of the machining power supply and the starting of the control program of the industrial personal computer and the completion of the machining of the fine tool electrode, the method further includes:
and setting the control program to control the relative movement of the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be processed.
Optionally, the control program includes:
adjusting the distance between the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be machined according to the preset initial machining gap;
controlling the rod-shaped electrode to be processed to do up-and-down reciprocating motion along the vertical direction and rotary motion by taking the central axis of the electric spindle as an axis;
and controlling the block electrode to perform feeding motion along a linear direction perpendicular to the central axis of the electric spindle.
Optionally, the speed curve of the up-and-down reciprocating motion is a trapezoidal curve, so that tool electrodes in different shapes can be machined.
Optionally, the control program includes:
adjusting the distance between the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be machined according to the preset initial machining gap;
controlling the rod-shaped electrode to be processed to do up-and-down reciprocating motion along the vertical direction;
and controlling the block electrode to perform feeding motion along a linear direction perpendicular to the central axis of the electric spindle.
Optionally, the control program includes:
adjusting the distance between the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be machined according to the preset initial machining gap;
controlling the rod-shaped electrode to be processed to do the up-and-down reciprocating motion along the vertical direction and the rotating motion with the central axis of the electric spindle as the axis, wherein the speed curve of the up-and-down reciprocating motion is a sine curve;
and controlling the block electrode to perform feeding motion along a linear direction perpendicular to the central axis of the electric spindle.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention takes a rod-shaped electrode to be processed as an anode and a block electrode as a cathode, and adjusts the relative movement of the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be processed according to the electrochemical anode dissolution principle so as to prepare micro tool electrodes with different shapes. The invention ensures that the electrolyte immerses the block electrode and the to-be-processed area of the to-be-processed rod electrode, realizes complete electrolytic processing, adopts the block electrode with a certain thickness as the cathode, enlarges the electrolytic reaction area, is beneficial to improving the corrosion removal rate of the anode and improves the preparation efficiency of the micro tool electrode.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an apparatus diagram of a method for producing a fine tool electrode provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for producing a fine tool electrode according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a cylindrical electrode provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a chamfered electrode according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a probe electrode provided in example 3 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a velocity profile of the up and down reciprocating motion provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a micro tool electrode, which realizes complete electrolytic machining according to an electrochemical principle, adopts a block electrode with a certain thickness as a cathode, enlarges an electrolytic reaction area, is beneficial to improving the corrosion removal rate of an anode and improves the preparation efficiency of the micro tool electrode.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for producing a fine tool electrode according to the present embodiment includes: the device comprises a base platform 1 and a stand column 4 vertically fixed at one end of the base platform 1; a moving shaft 10 which reciprocates up and down in the vertical direction is arranged on the upright post 4, one end of a connecting rod 11 is fixed in the middle of the moving shaft 10, an electric spindle 12 is arranged at the other end of the connecting rod 11, a clamp 9 is fixed on the lower surface of the connecting rod 11, the clamp 9 is provided with an upper arm rod and a lower arm rod, and the electric spindle 12 and the clamp 9 are used for fixing a rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed; a moving shaft 2 which drives a block electrode 7 to perform feed motion along a linear direction perpendicular to a central axis of an electric spindle 12 is arranged on a base platform 1, the moving shaft 3 is arranged above the moving shaft 2, the moving direction of the moving shaft 3 is perpendicular to the direction of the feed motion, an electrolytic cell 5 is fixed on the upper surface of the moving shaft 3, the block electrode 7 is fixed on a supporting plate 6, and the supporting plate 6 is fixed in the electrolytic cell 5; the electrolytic cell 5 is communicated with the electrolyte tank 18 through a pipeline, a micro submersible pump 19 positioned in the electrolyte tank 18 provides power for the circulation of electrolyte, and a flow valve is arranged between electrolyte circulation pipelines so as to control the electrolyte capacity in the electrolytic cell 5 conveniently;
the manufacturing apparatus of the fine tool electrode further includes: an industrial personal computer 16 and a processing power supply 15; the industrial personal computer 16 is connected with the motion control card 14 and used for controlling the motion mode of the motion shaft 10, and the industrial personal computer 16 is also connected with the frequency converter 13 and used for adjusting the running speed of the electric spindle 12; the positive electrode of the processing power supply 15 is connected with the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed, and the negative electrode of the processing power supply 15 is connected with the block electrode 7.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for manufacturing a fine tool electrode according to the present embodiment includes:
step 101: clamping the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed on the electric spindle 12, adjusting the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed to be in a vertical state, and locking the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed through a nut.
In this embodiment, the locking of the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed is specifically realized by the following steps:
clamping one end of a rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed on an electric spindle 12;
the other end of the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed respectively passes through an upper arm rod and a lower arm rod of the clamp 9;
fixing the clamp 9 on the connecting rod 11;
utilizing a vertical corrector to adjust the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed to enable the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed to be in a vertical state;
the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed is locked with the electric spindle 12 through a nut.
The rod-shaped electrode 8 to be machined is firmly fixed at the lower end of the electric spindle 12 through the clamp 9 and the nut, so that errors caused by a displacement belt in the machining process can be avoided.
Step 102: the block electrode 7 is fixed to the support plate 6, and the support plate 6 is fixed inside the electrolytic cell 5.
Step 103: and adjusting the distance between the block electrode 7 and the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed according to the preset initial processing gap.
In the embodiment, the following steps are specifically adopted to realize the adjustment of the distance between the block electrode 7 and the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed:
firstly, the machining gap between the block electrode 7 and the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be machined is visually adjusted;
and further carrying out tool setting by using a tool setting device so that the machining gap between the block electrode 7 and the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be machined is the initial machining gap.
Step 104: the rod-like electrode 8 to be processed is connected to the positive electrode of the processing power supply 15, and the block electrode 7 is connected to the negative electrode of the processing power supply 15.
Step 105: and starting an electrolyte circulating system to enable the electrolyte to immerse the block electrode and the to-be-processed area of the to-be-processed rod electrode.
In this embodiment, the electrolyte circulation system is specifically started by the following steps:
the micro submersible pump 19 is opened to enable the electrolyte circulating system to start to circulate the electrolyte;
according to the capacity of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell 5, the flow valve 17 is adjusted so that the electrolyte submerges the block electrode 7 and the area to be processed of the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed.
Step 106: and switching on the machining power supply, starting a control program of an industrial personal computer, and finishing machining of the micro tool electrode.
Before step 106, the method further comprises: the control program is set, the relative movement of the rod-shaped electrode 6 and the rod-shaped electrode 7 to be processed is controlled, and the preparation of tool electrodes in different shapes can be realized according to the specific setting of the control program.
As shown in fig. 3, (a) in fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of machining a rod electrode, (b) in fig. 3 is a plan schematic view of machining a rod electrode, and (c) in fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of machining a rod electrode.
The control program for machining the cylindrical electrode 23 includes:
adjusting the distance between the block electrode 7 and the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed according to a preset initial processing gap;
controlling the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed to do up-and-down reciprocating motion along the vertical direction and rotary motion by taking the central axis of the electric spindle 12 as the axis;
the block electrode 7 is controlled to perform a feed movement in a linear direction perpendicular to the central axis of the electric spindle 12.
And performing electrolytic cutting on the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed by a certain width according to a control program to finish the processing of the micro cylindrical electrode 23.
As shown in fig. 6 (a), when the speed curve of the vertical reciprocating motion of the rod-like electrode 8 to be machined is a trapezoidal curve, the time for the electrochemical reaction to occur at different positions on the rod-like electrode 8 to be machined is different, and the trimming amount of the rod-like electrode 8 to be machined is different, so that the machining of fine tool electrodes of different shapes can be realized.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, (a) in fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of machining a rod electrode, (b) in fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of machining a rod electrode, and (c) in fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of machining a rod electrode.
The control program for machining the chamfered electrode 24 includes:
adjusting the distance between the block electrode 7 and the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed according to a preset initial processing gap;
controlling the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed to do up-and-down reciprocating motion along the vertical direction;
the block electrode 7 is controlled to perform a feed movement in a linear direction perpendicular to the central axis of the electric spindle 12.
And performing electrolytic cutting on the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed by a certain width according to a control program to finish the processing of the micro chamfered edge electrode 23.
Example 3
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a process of electrolytically manufacturing a probe electrode, and a control program for processing the probe electrode 21 and the probe electrode 22 includes:
adjusting the distance between the block electrode 7 and the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed according to a preset initial processing gap;
controlling the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed to perform vertical reciprocating motion and rotational motion with the central axis of the electric spindle 12 as the axis at the same time, as shown in (b) of fig. 6, the speed curve of the rod-shaped electrode 8 to be processed performing vertical reciprocating motion is a sine curve;
the block electrode 7 is controlled to perform a feed movement in a linear direction perpendicular to the central axis of the electric spindle 12.
Since the speed of the rod-like electrode 8 to be machined is slow at the upper limit and the lower limit of the movement, the rod-like electrode 8 to be machined is removed a lot, while the speed is fast at the middle position, the machining time is short, and the rod-like electrode 8 to be machined is removed a little, and finally, the rod-like electrode 8 to be machined is etched at the upper limit and the lower limit of the movement, and the lower fine probe electrode 21 and the upper fine probe electrode 22 are formed.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method of making a fine tool electrode, the method comprising:
clamping a rod-shaped electrode to be machined on an electric spindle, adjusting the rod-shaped electrode to be machined to be in a vertical state, and locking the rod-shaped electrode to be machined through a nut;
fixing the block electrode on a support plate, and fixing the support plate in an electrolytic cell;
adjusting the distance between the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be processed according to a preset initial processing gap; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the processing gap between the block electrode and the rod electrode to be processed by visual observation;
further setting the tool by using a tool setting device to enable the machining gap between the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be machined to be the initial machining gap;
connecting the rod-shaped electrode to be processed with the positive electrode of a processing power supply, and connecting the block electrode with the negative electrode of the processing power supply;
starting an electrolyte circulating system to enable the electrolyte to immerse the block electrode and the to-be-processed area of the to-be-processed rod electrode;
setting a control program to control the relative movement of the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be processed;
the control program includes:
adjusting the distance between the block electrode and the rod-shaped electrode to be machined according to the preset initial machining gap;
controlling the rod-shaped electrode to be processed to do up-and-down reciprocating motion along the vertical direction and rotary motion by taking the central axis of the electric spindle as an axis;
controlling the block electrode to perform feeding motion along a linear direction perpendicular to a central axis of the electric spindle;
the speed curve of the up-and-down reciprocating motion is a trapezoidal curve, so that tool electrodes in different shapes can be machined;
and switching on the machining power supply, starting a control program of an industrial personal computer, and finishing machining of the micro tool electrode.
2. The method for producing a fine tool electrode according to claim 1, wherein the step of clamping a rod-shaped electrode to be machined on an electric spindle, adjusting the rod-shaped electrode to be machined in a vertical state, and tightening the rod-shaped electrode to be machined by a nut specifically comprises:
clamping one end of the rod-shaped electrode to be processed on the electric spindle;
the other end of the rod-shaped electrode to be processed respectively passes through an upper arm rod and a lower arm rod of the clamp;
fixing the clamp on the connecting rod;
utilizing a vertical corrector to adjust the rod-shaped electrode to be processed to enable the rod-shaped electrode to be processed to be in a vertical state;
and locking the rod-shaped electrode to be processed with the electric spindle through a nut.
3. The method for producing a fine tool electrode according to claim 1, wherein the step of starting an electrolyte circulation system to immerse the block electrode and the to-be-processed region of the to-be-processed rod electrode with an electrolyte comprises:
opening the micro submersible pump to enable the electrolyte circulation system to start to circulate the electrolyte;
and adjusting a flow valve according to the capacity of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell, so that the electrolyte submerges the block electrode and the to-be-processed area of the to-be-processed rod electrode.
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