CN109568464A - 一种防治虾蟹孢子虫病的组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种防治虾蟹孢子虫病的组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种防治虾蟹微孢子虫病的组合物及其应用,属于海水病害防治技术领域,所述组合物组成成份及质量份数为:甲基三嗪酮20~30份,牵牛子乙醇提取物10~15份,200~300目的石榴皮超微粉20~25份,200~300目的槟榔超微粉10~15份,200~300目的干刺楸树皮超微粉15~20份,k型卡拉胶10~15份,枸橼酸钙1~2份。将所述组合物制备成药饵时的添加量为15~20g/kg饲料,按照每100g组合物添加200mL无水乙醇的比例,将组合物倒入无水乙醇中,充分搅拌,然后再添加淡水用小火煮沸,并维持沸腾,之后用高压喷壶或喷枪在溶液冷却之前迅速喷洒至待投喂的饲料中并保证喷洒的均匀。制作好的药饵在夏秋季水温较高时每隔15~20天投喂5~7天,可以有效防治虾蟹微孢子虫病,减少病害损失。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于海水病害防治技术领域,具体地涉及一种可有效防治虾蟹微孢子虫病的组合物及其应用。
背景技术
微孢子虫病是虾、蟹等甲壳动物养殖过程中最为常见的疾病之一,其流行范围遍布全球,给虾蟹的养殖产业造成了严重的危害。微孢子虫感染对虾后,主要寄生于对虾肝胰腺上皮细胞中,从而干扰和破坏组织吸收营养的能力。一般情况下,感染微孢子虫病的对虾主要表现为活力下降、生长缓慢甚至滞长,通常不会造成大量的死亡,但因对虾滞长会造成养殖人力、物力的极大浪费。而螃蟹感染微孢子虫后,一般表现为停止摄食,空胃、空肠,行动迟缓或不爱活动,而且虫体可寄生蟹体的肌肉组织中,导致肌肉白浊、不透明,最后乳化呈牙膏状。与对虾不同,螃蟹感染微孢子虫病的死亡率可以高达60%以上,危害更为严重。
无论是对虾还是螃蟹,在感染孢子虫病的早期并无特别明显的临床症状,这对于及时防治该病造成了一定的困难。而且,目前国内外也没有针对虾蟹等甲壳动物微胞子虫有效防控药物的报道。因此,开发针对虾蟹类微孢子虫病的有效防控药物或防控方法是产业中亟待突破的关键技术之一,对于虾蟹养殖产业的健康发展具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种可有效防治虾蟹微孢子虫病的组合物及其具体的应用方法,通过定期的使用能够及时杀灭寄生于虾蟹肠道和组织中的微胞子虫,有效防控微胞子虫病的发生,保障养殖成活率和养殖效益。
本发明采用如下技术方案予以实现:
一种防治虾蟹微孢子虫病的组合物,其组成成份及质量份数为:甲基三嗪酮20~30份,牵牛子乙醇提取物10~15份,200~300目的石榴皮超微粉20~25 份,200~300目的槟榔超微粉10~15份,200~300目的干刺楸树皮超微粉15~20 份,k型卡拉胶10~15份,枸橼酸钙1~2份。
进一步,所述的防治虾蟹微孢子虫病的组合物制备成药饵的方法包括以下步骤:
(1)它的使用剂量为每1kg饲料添加10~20g组合物;
(2)按照每100g组合物添加200mL无水乙醇的比例,称取组合物并倒入无水乙醇中,充分搅拌20~30min;
(3)向上述搅拌好的组合物乙醇溶液中加入淡水,加入淡水的比例为每1kg 饲料800~1000mL淡水,用小火煮沸,并维持沸腾5~10min;沸腾过程中,补充淡水以防止淡水蒸发量过大;
(4)煮沸好的组合物溶液用高压喷壶或喷枪在冷却之前迅速喷洒至待投喂的饲料中;喷洒的过程中一边喷洒,一边充分搅动饲料,保证组合物溶液能够均匀喷洒到所有饲料上;
(5)喷洒完毕,继续均匀搅动饲料10min以上,直至组合物溶液冷却凝固并粘附在饲料表面;
(6)制作好的带有组合物立即投喂,或存于冷库中分批投喂。
进一步,所述步骤(2)的搅拌方法为每隔3min搅拌1min。
为有效预防虾蟹微孢子虫病,在夏秋季水温较高时应每隔15~20天投喂带有组合物的饲料5~7天。
本发明与现有技术对比的有益效果:
1.本发明所述的组合物成份易于获取、成本价格较低,适宜虾蟹养殖使用。
2.本发明所述的组合物结合了化学物质和中草药,可以有效避免微胞子虫产生耐药性。
3.本发明所述组合物中含有凝胶成分,使制作水产药饵的方法简单、高效,并且制成的药饵使药物成分与饵料紧密粘合,不易损失。
4.采用本发明所述方法,药饵还可以一次制作多批进行长期存放,有效改进了现有虾蟹养殖药饵制作现做现用的技术弊端,减少了人力和物力投入,适宜在大规模养殖企业进行应用和推广。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不受实施例任何形式上的限制。
实施例1
首先在本实验室的水族实验系统内,采用本发明所述方法进行了药饵制作和投喂南美白对虾的实验。实验采用了6个直径90cm,高110cm的玻璃钢桶模拟深远海养殖网箱。其中3个桶设置为A组,桶内分别装有500L的海水和100 尾平均体重10g左右的南美白对虾,并采用开放式流水养殖方式。另外3个桶设置为B组,桶内只装有500L的海水,并采用流水方式。
实验所采用的组合物配方及质量份数为:甲基三嗪酮25份,牵牛子乙醇提取物10份,200~300目的石榴皮超微粉25份,200~300目的槟榔超微粉10份, 200~300目的干刺楸树皮超微粉15份,k型卡拉胶13份,枸橼酸钙2份。
具体实验方法为:(1)首先将5kg的颗粒饲料放入塑料桶中。(2)称取上述组合物100g放入另外一个大烧杯中,先加入200mL无水乙醇浸泡20min 后,浸泡过程中每隔3min搅拌1min。(3)然后向搅拌好的组合物乙醇溶液中再加入1L淡水,用小火煮沸并保持沸腾5min。煮沸完毕后,补充淡水使最终的溶液体积不低于1L。(4)将煮沸好的1L组合物溶液迅速灌入1个高压喷壶中,向塑料桶中的颗粒饲料进行喷洒,并用搅拌棒不断搅拌。喷洒过程中随时晃动喷壶,避免形成沉淀。(5)喷洒完毕后的饲料继续搅拌10min后,再摊开晾干30min以上,直至凝胶完全凝固,将组合物成分紧密粘附于饵料表面。
首先将制作好的药饵投入B组的3个桶中,每个桶投入50g,观察1个小时。通过观察发现,50g药饵3个桶中均可稳定存在1h以上,饵料未见分解,组合物成份也未见溶出。
随后,再取150g制作好的饵料投喂A组3个桶中的南美白对虾,每个桶投入50g,并在5min中内投喂完毕。投喂实验过程中,3个桶内的南美白对虾均抢食积极,20min内即将所有颗粒饲料摄食完毕。
通过本次实验,证明本发明所述方法可有效将药物成分粘附于颗粒饲料表明,并能保证药物成分完全被南美白对虾摄食,没有损失或溶出,大大提高了药饵的投喂效率。
实施例2
2018年6月,江苏省赣榆县某对虾养殖场的3口室外池塘养殖的对虾发生滞长现象。从3口池塘分别采集滞长对虾的样品送到实验室进行显微镜检和PCR 检测,检测结果证实为微胞子虫感染。因此,采用本发明所述的组合物及应用方法进行处理。所采用的组合物配方及质量份数为:甲基三嗪酮25份,牵牛子乙醇提取物10份,200~300目的石榴皮超微粉25份,200~300目的槟榔超微粉 10份,200~300目的干刺楸树皮超微粉15份,k型卡拉胶13份,枸橼酸钙2份。
具体的使用方法为:(1)先将50kg对虾的颗粒饲料放入一个大的不锈钢桶中,桶上架设搅拌电机和搅拌棒。(2)称取上述组合物1kg,加入2L无水乙醇,用电动打蛋器每隔3min搅拌1min,直至30min。(3)向搅拌好的组合物乙醇溶液中再加入10L淡水,煮沸并用小火保持沸腾10min。在煮沸的过程中随时补充淡水,使最终的溶液体积不低于10L。(4)将煮沸好的10L组合物溶液迅速灌入2~3个高压喷壶中,分别由2~3人同时向不锈钢桶中的颗粒饲料进行喷洒,同时打开搅拌电机开始搅拌。喷洒过程中随时搅拌溶液,避免形成大量沉淀,并应在溶液冷却之前尽快完成,防止溶液凝固。(5)待10L组合物溶液全部喷洒完毕后,继续保持搅拌电机运转30min后再关闭,使饲料颗粒得到充分的搅拌并均匀黏附上凝胶液。(6)将制作好的含本发明组合物的颗粒饲料按照每天的投喂量进行分装,放入冷库中保存待用。(7)自2017年6月中旬开始,按照每次投喂制作好的药饵7天,间隔15天再次投喂7天药饵的方案向发生微胞子虫病的3口对虾养殖池塘进行投喂,连续投喂3次后停止投喂药饵。
通过以上措施,3口发病的池塘中所养殖的对虾自7月上旬开始积极摄食、生长正常,养殖至8月底达到50~70尾/kg的上市规格并起捕收获。通过本次投喂实验说明本发明所述的组合物及其应用方法在养殖生产的实际应用中到达了非常良好的防治对虾微孢子虫病的效果。
上述实施例为本发明技术方案的最优实施方式,在本发明技术方案组合物中其它质量份数比均能达到防治对虾微孢子虫病的效果。经过生产实践验证,本发明技术方案组合物在对蟹类微孢子虫病同样能够起到很好的防治效果。
Claims (3)
1.一种防治虾蟹微孢子虫病的组合物,其特征在于所述组合物的组成成份及质量份数为:甲基三嗪酮20~30份,牵牛子乙醇提取物10~15份,200~300目的石榴皮超微粉20~25份,200~300目的槟榔超微粉10~15份,200~300目的干刺楸树皮超微粉15~20份,k型卡拉胶10~15份,枸橼酸钙1~2份。
2.利用权利要求1所述的组合物制备成药饵的方法,其特征在于所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)它的使用剂量为每1kg饲料添加10~20g组合物;
(2)按照每100g组合物添加200mL无水乙醇的比例,称取组合物并倒入无水乙醇中,充分搅拌20~30min;
(3)向上述搅拌好的组合物乙醇溶液中加入淡水,加入淡水的比例为每1kg饲料800~1000mL淡水,用小火煮沸,并维持沸腾5~10min;沸腾过程中,补充淡水以防止淡水蒸发量过大;
(4)煮沸好的组合物溶液用高压喷壶或喷枪在冷却之前迅速喷洒至待投喂的饲料中;喷洒的过程中一边喷洒,一边充分搅动饲料,保证组合物溶液能够均匀喷洒到所有饲料上;
(5)喷洒完毕,继续均匀搅动饲料10min以上,直至组合物溶液冷却凝固并粘附在饲料表面;
(6)制作好的带有组合物的饲料晾干后投喂,或存于冷库中分批投喂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(2)的搅拌方法为每隔3min搅拌1min。
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