CN109554626A - 一种适用于3d打印的模具钢粉末及应用 - Google Patents

一种适用于3d打印的模具钢粉末及应用 Download PDF

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CN109554626A
CN109554626A CN201910001792.7A CN201910001792A CN109554626A CN 109554626 A CN109554626 A CN 109554626A CN 201910001792 A CN201910001792 A CN 201910001792A CN 109554626 A CN109554626 A CN 109554626A
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printing
powdered steel
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neoplasm
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CN109554626B (zh
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肖志瑜
魏富涛
陈卫东
黄嘉豪
温利平
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Guangzhou Changlian Hot Isostatic Pressing Material Manufacturing Co ltd
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Guangzhou Chenlian Thermal Isostatic Pressing Material Manufacturing Co Ltd
South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
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    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/10Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
    • C22C38/105Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B22F1/052Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/007Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of moulds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
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    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Abstract

本发明属于模具材料领域,公开了一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末及应用。所述模具钢粉末由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:Ni 18.0%~19.0%,Co 8.5%~9.5%,Mo 4.6%~5.2%,Ti 0.5%~0.8%,Al 0.05%~0.15%,Si 0~0.12%,Mn 0~0.01%,Fe余量。本发明的模具钢粉末在SLM成形过程中,成形件相对密度可达99.18%~99.71%,具有良好的力学强度和表面粗糙度。能够快速直接打印成形各种复杂的冷却水道,使水道设计更加灵活,能够显著缩短模具和注塑产品的生产周期。

Description

一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末及应用
技术领域
本发明属于模具材料领域,具体涉及一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末及应用。
背景技术
模具是一种借助外力使坯料成为具有特定形状和尺寸制件的工具,主要用于工业产品中的零部件和制件的大批量生产。目前,模具制造的技术主要以数控加工技术为主,主要有数控车削加工、数控铣削加工、数控线切割加工、数控电火花加工等。
传统的冷却水道是通过交叉钻孔的方式来实现的,这样形成的冷却水道通常是直线型的,对于那些厚薄不均、形状复杂的零件来说,达不到均匀的冷却,会造成一些缺陷影响制品质量。
激光选区熔化技术(SLM)是增材制造技术的一种,它是通过高能激光束来熔化粉末颗粒,按照设定好的路径逐点、逐线、逐层熔化来直接成形三维零件,对于形状结构复杂的零部件成形也没有难度。因此开发一种适用于激光选区熔化(SLM)成形的模具材料具有重要的意义。
发明内容
针对以上现有技术存在的缺点和不足之处,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述模具钢粉末在3D打印制备随形冷却模具中的应用。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:Ni18.0%~19.0%,Co 8.5%~9.5%,Mo 4.6%~5.2%,Ti 0.5%~0.8%,Al 0.05%~0.15%,Si 0~0.12%,Mn 0~0.01%,Fe余量。
优选地,所述模具钢粉末的D10粒径为20.1~22.1μm,D50粒径为32.8~36.4μm,D90粒径为50.0~58.8μm。
优选地,所述模具钢粉末的松装密度为4.2~4.5g/cm3,振实密度为5.3~5.5g/cm3
优选地,所述模具钢粉末的延伸度有2/3大于0.5,40%以上为1。
优选地,所述模具钢粉末中赘生物指数为0的粉末占39.9%~46.7%,赘生物指数为0.5的粉末占21.0%~25.8%,赘生物指数为0.67的粉末占26.5%~30.6%,赘生物指数为0.75的粉末占2.2%~4.7%,赘生物指数为0.8的粉末占0~0.20%。
优选地,所述模具钢粉末的ISO圆度在0.6以上。主要集中在0.9左右。
上述模具钢粉末在3D打印制备随形冷却模具中的应用。
优选地,所述的应用过程的参数条件为:设置切片厚度为0.02~0.06mm,扫描路径为正交参错,扫描间距为0.06~0.08mm;采用激光选区熔化设备,成形基板为316L不锈钢板,保护气体为氮气,氧含量低于200ppm;选用激光功率为160~180W,扫描速度为300~500mm/s,加工层厚等于切片厚度。
本发明的模具钢粉末及应用具有如下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明的模具钢粉末在激光选区熔化(SLM)成形过程中,成形件相对密度可达99.18%~99.71%,显微硬度可达334.1~353.8HV,抗拉强度可达1055~1123MPa,延伸率可达5.34%~6.81%,表面粗糙度可达8.08~11.18μm。
(2)本发明的模具钢粉末在3D打印制备随形冷却模具中的应用解决了传统模具生产产生的黑纹和开裂情况,并且加快了零件冷却的速度,可提高生产效率20%~40%。
(3)本发明的模具钢粉末是经过粗细粉末颗粒的优化搭配,具有良好的物理性能,成形效果更好。
(4)本发明的应用通过激光选区技术直接成形模具和复杂冷却水道,避免了传统交叉钻孔形成水道的不足,也减少了外部工具对模具的污染,制造方法更简单,更灵活。
(5)本发明的应用是在保护气体中进行的,有效避免了氧气与高温金属的反应,能显著降低模具内部夹杂含量。
(6)本发明使用的金属粉末可以回收再利用,能有效节约制造成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中模具钢粉末的SEM图(a)及粉末粒度分布图(b)。
图2是本发明实施例中模具钢粉末的延伸度(a)及ISO圆度结果(b)图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例
一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末,其元素的质量分数分别为Ni:18.53%;Co:8.98%;Mo:4.88%;Ti:0.66%;Al:0.104%;Si:0.042%;Mn:0.008%;Fe:余量。使用具有超声振荡功能的超细筛分仪对粉末进行粗细搭配优化,所得粉末的D10,D50,D90分别为21.1μm,34.4μm,54.8μm;延伸度三分之二大于0.5,40%以上为1;赘生物指数为0的粉末占44.8%,为0.5的占23.0%,为0.67的占28.4%,为0.75的占3.7%,为0.8的0.1%;ISO圆度都在0.6以上,主要集中在0.9左右;粉末的松装密度为4.42g/cm3,振实密度为5.25g/cm3
本实施例所得模具钢粉末的SEM图及粉末粒度分布图分别如图1中(a)和(b)所示。其延伸度及ISO圆度结果图分别如图2中(a)和(b)所示。卫星化情况与粉末体积分数对应结果如表1所示。
表1
赘生物指数 0 0.5 0.67 0.75 0.8
体积/% 44.786 23.021 28.429 3.667 0.097
累计体积/% 44.786 67.807 96.236 99.903 100
本实施例的模具钢粉末在3D打印制备随形冷却模具中的应用。具体应用过程为:根据零件外形,采用Pro-E绘图软件设计出模具镶块的三维模型,将三维模型保存为STL格式,导入到切片软件中进行支撑添加和切片,切片厚度为0.035mm;然后再将切片文件导入到设备专用的路径规划软件中进行路径规划,选择扫描方式为正交参错,扫描间距为0.07mm;最后将路径规划完成的文件导入到成形设备中,选择316L不锈钢板为成形基板,设置激光功率为175W,扫描速度为400mm/s,扫描层厚为0.035mm,放入模具钢粉末,充入氮气,氧含量低于200ppm时开始成形。
经测试所得成形件的相对密度为99.58%,显微硬度为348.4HV,抗拉强度为1101MPa,延伸率为6.44%,表面粗糙度为8.88μm。
采用本实施例所得随形冷却模具生产的零件解决了传统模具生产产生的黑纹和开裂情况,并且加快了零件冷却的速度,可提高生产效率30%。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其它的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末,其特征在于由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:Ni18.0%~19.0%,Co 8.5%~9.5%,Mo 4.6%~5.2%,Ti 0.5%~0.8%,Al 0.05%~0.15%,Si 0~0.12%,Mn 0~0.01%,Fe余量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末,其特征在于:所述模具钢粉末的D10粒径为20.1~22.1μm,D50粒径为32.8~36.4μm,D90粒径为50.0~58.8μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末,其特征在于:所述模具钢粉末的松装密度为4.2~4.5g/cm3,振实密度为5.3~5.5g/cm3
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末,其特征在于:所述模具钢粉末的延伸度有2/3大于0.5,40%以上为1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末,其特征在于:所述模具钢粉末中赘生物指数为0的粉末占39.9%~46.7%,赘生物指数为0.5的粉末占21.0%~25.8%,赘生物指数为0.67的粉末占26.5%~30.6%,赘生物指数为0.75的粉末占2.2%~4.7%,赘生物指数为0.8的粉末占0~0.20%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于3D打印的模具钢粉末,其特征在于:所述模具钢粉末的ISO圆度在0.6以上。
7.权利要求1~6任一项所述的模具钢粉末在3D打印制备随形冷却模具中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的模具钢粉末在3D打印制备随形冷却模具中的应用,其特征在于所述的应用过程的参数条件为:设置切片厚度为0.02~0.06mm,扫描路径为正交参错,扫描间距为0.06~0.08mm;采用激光选区熔化设备,成形基板为316L不锈钢板,保护气体为氮气,氧含量低于200ppm;选用激光功率为160~180W,扫描速度为300~500mm/s,加工层厚等于切片厚度。
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CN111270146A (zh) * 2020-03-24 2020-06-12 华南理工大学 一种h13模具钢耐磨复合材料及其制备方法
CN114682784A (zh) * 2022-03-31 2022-07-01 钢铁研究总院有限公司 一种SLM用1900MPa级超高强钢的低成本粉末制备方法与打印方法
CN114682784B (zh) * 2022-03-31 2023-11-28 钢铁研究总院有限公司 一种SLM用1900MPa级超高强钢的低成本粉末制备方法与打印方法

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