CN109553400A - 一种铸造用烧结陶粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种铸造用烧结陶粒及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109553400A
CN109553400A CN201811451086.4A CN201811451086A CN109553400A CN 109553400 A CN109553400 A CN 109553400A CN 201811451086 A CN201811451086 A CN 201811451086A CN 109553400 A CN109553400 A CN 109553400A
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杨小平
白晋成
郭永斌
骆坤
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Kocel Intelligent Machinery Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铸造用烧结陶粒及其制备方法,包括硅微粉、铝土矿熟料、粘土熟料、钛铁矿和高铁铝土矿;所述铝土矿熟料中的Al2O3含量≥65%;所述粘土熟料中的Al2O3含量30%~40%;经冶炼处理的钛铁矿中的MnO2含量≤1%,MgO含量≤2%;所述高铁铝土矿中的Fe2O3含量≥28%;所述铸造用烧结陶粒的密度为1.90~2.15g/cm3。本发明克服了现有技术的陶粒砂存在烧结温度≤1400℃、密度低空隙率大导致铁液或钢液易侵蚀、仅适合以覆膜砂为工艺的小件生产,无法广泛的应用于铸造行业等问题,提供了一种铸造用烧结陶粒。本发明的陶粒具有高密度、高耐火度及耐钢液和铁液侵蚀,符合铸造用砂要求,可大范围在铸造行业推广应用,具有良好的环保性能和较大的经济效应。

Description

一种铸造用烧结陶粒及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及铸造领域,具体涉及一种铸造用烧结陶粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
铸造常用砂以硅砂、铬铁矿砂、锆砂、宝珠砂、陶粒砂等为主。硅砂资源丰富,但使用过程中粉化严重,固体废弃物排放量巨大,车间二氧化硅粉尘含量高导致工人矽肺病得病率高。铬铁矿砂和锆砂资源稀缺,价格昂贵,再生率低,使用成本较高,仅能作为特殊用砂使用,铸造行业急需新型材料替代传统铸造用砂。
发明专利CN105344919A公开了一种铸造用陶粒砂,该陶粒砂的主要特征在于成分包括二氧化硅,二氧化硅的重量含量为55wt%以上。该发明中,陶粒砂三氧化二铝的含量明显低于现有技术中所采用的陶粒砂,采用无铝或低铝矿产作为原材料,降低生产成本。同时,该发明的陶粒砂耐火度较普通陶粒砂要低,适用于浇注温度低于1600℃的铸件造型。该发明以降低陶粒砂中三氧化二铝含量的方法达到降低生产成本和陶粒砂耐火度,但众所周知,实际生产中,铸造用砂要求很高的耐火度,从而避免粘砂缺陷的产生。该发明专利以牺牲产品质量为代价降低了生产成本的做法会影响铸件质量。
发明专利CN103724003A公开了一种制备陶粒砂的方法,该方法通过加入低熔点氧化钾或氧化钠矿物助剂,降低陶粒砂耐火度。此方法生产陶粒砂仅适用于石油支撑剂,无法用作铸造用砂。
发明专利CN103212665A公开了一种超高密度陶粒支撑剂及其制备方法,包含质量百分比为75%~85%的铝土矿,5%~18%的氧化铝微粉,1%~3%的锰矿,其余为添加物,此烧结陶粒添加1%-3%的锰矿为助熔剂,在降低生产过程中的成本时也降低了产品的耐火度。
在其他公知的方法中,陶粒砂均存在烧结温度≤1450℃和密度低空隙率大导致铁液或钢液易侵蚀等问题,仅适合以覆膜砂为工艺的小件生产,无法广泛的应用于铸造行业,尤其是大型铸钢件。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术的陶粒砂存在烧结温度≤1400℃、密度低空隙率大导致铁液或钢液易侵蚀、仅适合以覆膜砂为工艺的小件生产,无法广泛的应用于铸造行业等问题,提供了一种铸造用烧结陶粒及其制备方法。本发明的陶粒具有高密度、高耐火度及耐钢液和铁液侵蚀,符合铸造用砂要求,可大范围在铸造行业推广应用,具有良好的环保性能和较大的经济效应。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的一个技术方案是:
一种铸造用烧结陶粒,包括硅微粉、铝土矿熟料、粘土熟料、钛铁矿和高铁铝土矿;按重量组份,硅微粉含量5~15份,铝土矿熟料含量50~80份,粘土熟料含量1~3份,钛铁矿含量1~10份,高铁铝土矿含量2~10份。
进一步的,所述硅微粉中的SiO2含量≥90%;所述铝土矿熟料中的Al2O3含量≥65%;所述粘土熟料中的Al2O3含量30%~40%。
进一步的,经冶炼处理的钛铁矿中的MnO2含量≤1%,MgO含量≤2%。。
进一步的,所述高铁铝土矿中的Fe2O3含量≥28%。
进一步的,所述铸造用烧结陶粒的密度为1.90~2.15g/cm3
进一步的,所述铸造用烧结陶粒的烧结温度≥1500℃。
一种用于制备铸造用烧结陶粒的方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
原料混合:将硅微粉、铝土矿熟料、粘土熟料、钛铁矿和高铁铝土矿按比例混合,获取混合料;
共混球磨:将所述混合料进行球磨,获取共混球磨料;
喷雾造粒:将所述共混球磨料进行喷雾造粒,并进行筛选后干燥,获取陶粒;
烧结:将干燥后的所述陶粒加入回转炉中进行烧结。
进一步的,所述陶粒的水分含量≤2%。
进一步的,所述陶粒的烧结温度为1350℃~1600℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1、陶粒的烧结温度为1350℃~1600℃,可满足大型铸铁或铸钢件的生产需求;
2、陶粒的密度为1.90~2.15g/cm3,可防止钢液或铁液渗透入烧结陶粒本体之中导致粘砂;另外由于密度较大空隙率较小,具有较高导热性,可快速降低铸件温度;
3、通过化学成分配比,提高TiO2含量和降低MnO2、MgO含量,可大幅度的提高烧结陶粒抵抗钢液和铁液侵蚀能力;另外增加Fe2O3含量可提高导热能力,使铸件快速降温。
本发明的超高密度烧结陶粒可替代目前铸造用硅砂、锆砂、铬铁矿砂等;可批量用于铸造生产应用中,具有优良的防止铸件粘砂作用,对于大型铸钢件可大幅降低铸件生产成本。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。下述实施案例中,实验方法如无特殊说明均为常规方法;所有试剂或原料如无特殊说明均能通过商业途径获得。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但并不因此而限制本发明的内容。
实施例1
一种超高密度铸造用烧结陶粒,所述产品利用如下配方生产而成:
称取硅微粉8份、铝土矿熟料78份、粘土熟料1份、钛铁矿7份、高铁铝土矿6份。硅微粉中的SiO2含量为95%,500目过筛率92%;铝土矿熟料中的Al2O3含量75%,325目过筛率达到98%;粘土熟料中的Al2O3含量30%,400目筛网过筛率97%;钛铁矿中的MnO2含量1%,MgO含量1.5%,500目筛网过筛率96%;高铁铝土矿中的Fe2O3含量30%,500目筛网过筛率95%。进一步将称取的铝土矿熟料78份加入球磨罐中,接着将硅微粉8份加入球磨罐,开启球磨机球磨5分钟,接着将粘土熟料1份加入球磨罐中,球磨3分钟,接着将钛铁矿7份和高铁铝土矿6份同时加入球磨罐中,球磨50分钟,球磨后的共混粉料400目过筛率为97%。
进一步,将共混球磨后的粉料进行喷雾造粒,所造产品经40目筛网和140目筛网筛选,获取40目筛网过筛部分和140目筛网未过筛部分,干燥至水分为0.8%,加入温度为1300℃的回转炉中进行烧结。
经检测所制备的烧结陶粒的密度为1.98g/cm3,高温烧结温度为1550℃,MnO2含量0.001%,MgO含量0.025%,TiO2含量2.8%,SiO2含量17%,Fe2O3含量2%。
实施例2
一种超高密度铸造用烧结陶粒,所述产品利用如下配方生产而成:
称取硅微粉14份、铝土矿熟料70份、粘土熟料1份、钛铁矿9份、高铁铝土矿6份。硅微粉中的SiO2含量为94%,500目过筛率96%;铝土矿熟料中的Al2O3含量80%,325目过筛率达到96%;粘土熟料中的Al2O3含量33%,400目筛网过筛率95%;钛铁矿中的MnO2含量0.7%,MgO含量1.1%,500目筛网过筛率98%;高铁铝土矿中的Fe2O3含量36%,500目筛网过筛率97%。进一步将称取的铝土矿熟料70份加入球磨罐中,接着将硅微粉14份加入球磨罐,开启球磨机球磨10分钟,接着将粘土熟料1份加入球磨罐中,球磨5分钟,接着将钛铁矿9份和高铁铝土矿6份同时加入球磨罐中,球磨80分钟,球磨后的共混粉料400目过筛率为96%。
进一步,将共混球磨后的粉料进行喷雾造粒,所造产品经50目筛网和140目筛网筛选,获取50目筛网过筛部分和140目筛网未过筛部分,干燥至水分为1.4%,加入温度为1250℃的回转炉中进行烧结。
经检测所制备的烧结陶粒的积密度为2.05g/cm3,高温烧结温度为1500℃,MnO2含量0.0006%,MgO含量0.020%,TiO2含量3.2%,SiO2含量20%,Fe2O3含量1.2%。
以上为本发明的优选的具体实现方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为主。

Claims (9)

1.一种铸造用烧结陶粒,其特征在于:包括硅微粉、铝土矿熟料、粘土熟料、钛铁矿和高铁铝土矿;按重量组份,硅微粉含量5~15份,铝土矿熟料含量50~80份,粘土熟料含量1~3份,钛铁矿含量1~10份,高铁铝土矿含量2~10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铸造用烧结陶粒,其特征在于:所述硅微粉中的SiO2含量≥90%;所述铝土矿熟料中的Al2O3含量≥65%;所述粘土熟料中的Al2O3含量30%~40%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铸造用烧结陶粒,其特征在于:经冶炼处理的钛铁矿中的MnO2含量≤1%,MgO含量≤2%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铸造用烧结陶粒,其特征在于:所述高铁铝土矿中的Fe2O3中的含量≥28%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的铸造用烧结陶粒,其特征在于:所述铸造用烧结陶粒的密度为1.95~2.15g/cm3
6.根据权利要求1所述的铸造用烧结陶粒,其特征在于:所述铸造用烧结陶粒的烧结温度≥1500℃。
7.一种用于制备如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的铸造用烧结陶粒的方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
原料混合:将硅微粉、铝土矿熟料、粘土熟料、钛铁矿和高铁铝土矿按比例混合,获取混合料;
共混球磨:将所述混合料进行球磨,获取共混球磨料;
喷雾造粒:将所述共混球磨料进行喷雾造粒,并进行筛选后干燥,获取陶粒;
烧结:将干燥后的所述陶粒加入回转炉中进行烧结。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述陶粒的水分含量≤2%。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述陶粒的烧结温度为1350℃~1600℃。
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