CN109553364A - The double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete and preparation method thereof based on 3D and jet printing - Google Patents
The double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete and preparation method thereof based on 3D and jet printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN109553364A CN109553364A CN201910052541.1A CN201910052541A CN109553364A CN 109553364 A CN109553364 A CN 109553364A CN 201910052541 A CN201910052541 A CN 201910052541A CN 109553364 A CN109553364 A CN 109553364A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00258—Electromagnetic wave absorbing or shielding materials
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Abstract
The present invention is the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete and preparation method thereof based on 3D and jet printing, the concrete includes that wave layer is inhaled by upper layer electromagnetic matching layer and lower layer, it inhales wave layer and acquisition is printed by 3D printing technique, the thickness in monolayer for the suction wave layer that 3D printing obtains is 10~15mm, inhales ferrite content in wave layer and is higher than ferrite content in C30 concrete；Electromagnetic matching layer is printed upon by spraying technique inhales wave layer surface, and ferrite content is lower than ferrite content in normal concrete in electromagnetic matching layer.The concrete has used double-layer electric magnetic wave structure, and upper layer is electromagnetic matching layer, minimizes surface reflection electromagnetic wave using lesser electromagnetic parameter real part imaginary part；Lower layer is to inhale wave layer the electromagnetic wave penetrated into be lost as far as possible.Upper layer matching layer uses jet printing technology, improves concrete matching layer mortar uniformity coefficient and mechanical strength, reduces the surface electromagnetic wave as caused by electromagnetic matching is unbalance and reflects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of concrete, are to be related to a kind of double-layer electric based on 3D and jet printing specifically
Magnetic wave absorption concrete and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
3D printing technique is one kind based on digital model file, can bond material with powdery metal or plastic etc.
Material constructs the technology of object by layer-by-layer printing.It can be quick, and accurately design philosophy is changed into one
Determine the prototype or part of function, to carry out rapid evaluation, modification and functional test, to greatly shorten the lead time, reduces
Development cost accelerate the process that new product is introduced to the market.Currently, 3D printing technique is widely applied in building field, dash forward
Traditional construction material production method is broken.
The pollution of all kinds of Electromagnetic Radiation on Environment is just got worse, meanwhile, electromagnetic radiation pollution also has pole to human health
Big influence.Electromagnetic wave absorption concrete be realized and to normal concrete modification to a kind of function of electromagnetic wave proof with
The New Building Materials that structure combines.Electromagnetic wave absorption concrete has improvement castering action to electromagnetic protection, can be largely
The upper electromagnetic radiation protection ability for promoting the building structure such as television transmitting station, base station, microwave experiment room, hospital and substation, drop
The influence of low EMI promotes physical and mental health of the mankind under electromagnetic environment.
Gunite concrete is a kind of concrete with rapid hardening property for reinforcing and protecting structure or rock surface.It should
Technology be by spraying machinery, will be by the cement of certain match ratio, sand, stone and additional using compressed air or other power
The mixs such as agent are ejected by jet pipe by spray plane, and condensation is hardened and molding concrete reinforcement in very short several minutes
Reinforcement material.Process is simple, maneuverability, has extensive adaptability and higher mechanical strength.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete based on 3D and jet printing and its preparation sides
Method.The concrete has used double-layer electric magnetic wave structure, and upper layer is electromagnetic matching layer, empty using lesser electromagnetic parameter real part
Portion minimizes surface reflection electromagnetic wave；Lower layer is to inhale wave layer the electromagnetic wave penetrated into be lost as far as possible.Upper layer matching layer
Using jet printing technology, concrete matching layer mortar uniformity coefficient and mechanical strength are improved, is reduced due to electromagnetic matching
The reflection of surface electromagnetic wave caused by unbalance；That gathers materials when being sprayed by high speed continuously hits densification concrete to be promoted repeatedly
Bearing capacity and globality can be significantly increased in adhesion strength, tension stress and shearing stress.Lower layer of the present invention inhales wave layer and adopts
Optimized the matching setting of extruded velocity and print speed while automatic built with 3D concrete printing technique, improved
Concrete compaction uniformity coefficient further improves electromagnetic wave absorption ability.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by the following technical programs:
A kind of double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete based on 3D and jet printing, which is characterized in that including upper layer electromagnetic matching
Wave layer is inhaled by layer and lower layer, inhales wave layer and is obtained by 3D printing technique printing, the thickness in monolayer for the suction wave layer that 3D printing obtains is
10~15mm inhales ferrite content in wave layer and is higher than ferrite content in C30 concrete；Electromagnetic matching layer is beaten by spraying technique
It is imprinted on and inhales wave layer surface, ferrite content is lower than ferrite content in normal concrete in electromagnetic matching layer.
The electromagnetic matching layer is nano wave-absorption agent, and according to parts by weight, electromagnetic matching layer composition and content are respectively as follows:
0.02-0.04 parts of silane coupling agent,
0.03-0.07 parts of watersoluble plumbago alkene dispersing agent,
Fast 6.8-7.2 parts of ordinary portland cement of hardness,
It is 6.9-7.1 parts husky,
0.75-0.85 parts of silicon ash,
0.09-0.15 parts of water-reducing agent,
0.04-0.07 parts of basalt fibre,
0.001-0.003 parts of thickener,
0.5-0.7 parts of carbonyl iron dust,
0.1-0.14 parts of nano silica,
1.70-1.74 parts of water；
The preparation process of electromagnetic matching layer is:
(1) it is dissolved in ethanol solution and obtains carbonyl iron dust suspension for carbonyl iron dust 0.5-0.7 parts, carbonyl iron dust is suspended
Liquid is placed in ultrasonic vibrator, carries out concussion processing, and the silane coupling agent of half is gradually instilled when earthquake was to the 5th minute,
Watersoluble plumbago alkene dispersing agent is dropped evenly when concussion was to 7 minutes, continues to stop for concussion the 15th minute, is finally dried at 105 DEG C
At powder, drying time 10-15min；
(2) nano silica is dissolved in ethanol solution and obtains nano silica suspension, by nanometer titanium dioxide
Silicon suspension is placed in ultrasonic vibrator, carries out concussion processing, gradually instills when earthquake was to 5 minutes remaining silane coupled
Agent, continues to stop for concussion 15 minutes, and powder, drying time 10-15min are finally dried at 105 DEG C；
(3) will through after step (1) and step (2) surface modification treatment carbonyl iron dust and nano-silica powder it is molten together
Then solution carries out ultrasonic vibration in ethanol solution, the concussion time is 15~20min, is finally dried into powder at 105 DEG C,
Drying time 10-15min.
The above-mentioned double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete based on 3D and jet printing, the suction wave layer according to parts by weight, form
It is respectively as follows: with content
Fast 6.8-7.2 parts of ordinary portland cement of hardness；
6.9-7.1 parts of quartz sand；
1.65-1.75 parts of Cu-S ore；
0.2-0.5 parts of brass powder；
0.08-0.21 parts of red copper powder；
0.75-0.85 parts of silicon ash；
0.09-0.15 parts of water-reducing agent；
Length is 0.04-0.07 parts of basalt fibre of 11-14mm；
Viscosity is 0.003-0.005 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose of 20,000-7 ten thousand；
1.70-1.74 parts of water.
The preparation process for inhaling wave layer is:
(1) according to parts by weight, above-mentioned raw materials are divided into four groups, first group is fast rigid ordinary portland cement 6.8-
7.2 parts, 1.65-1.75 parts of Cu-S ore, 6.9-7.1 parts of quartz sand, second group is silicon ash 0.75-0.85 parts and basalt fibre
0.04-0.07 parts of third groups are water-reducing agent 0.09-0.15 parts, 0.2-0.5 parts of brass powder, 0.08-0.21 parts of red copper powder, and the 4th
Group is 1.70-1.74 parts of water and 0.003-0.005 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose；
(2) by first group of raw material, being sent into horizontal type blender carries out mixing 100s simultaneously, then corresponding again to incite somebody to action
Second group of raw material is added in the above-mentioned mixture being uniformly mixed simultaneously, then carries out mixing 200s, until being thoroughly mixed
It is even；
(3) third group and the 4th group of raw material are first uniformly mixed respectively, then respectively by mixed third group material
It is added in the end of a period mixture that step (2) obtains, stirs 80s, the 4th group is admixed, be stirred for 180s to get suction wave is arrived
Layer.
The method of construction of the above-mentioned double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete based on 3D and jet printing is:
1) 3D printing, which is built, inhales wave layer:
The pumping of wave layer material will be inhaled or machinery is delivered in the printing head of 3D printer, time of repose 5-10min, setting
Printing head discharge area is 100~260mm2, extruded velocity 0.01-0.02m3/ h, horizontal direction print speed are 160-
Then 180cm/min is printed, printing overall thickness is 10-15mm；
2) jet printing builds matching layer:
Using wet blasting construction engineering method, stringent reference standard " water conservancy project gunite concrete testing regulations " (DL/T 5721-
2015), " gunite concrete application technology regulation " (JGJ/T 372-2016), it is enterprising in three days suction wave layer concretes of maintenance
After row polishes processing, spraying operation is directly carried out, electromagnetic matching layer mortar mixture is placed into pumped type spraying machine, air pressure
Contracting machine 12m3The volume of air supply of/min is sprayed, and guarantees that its wind pressure, to guarantee uniformly to spray, keeps nozzle and spray in 0.8MPa
Face 1.3m distance is penetrated, jet printing height is 12-15mm, so far completes the construction of the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
On material, suction wave layer of the invention uses Cu-S ore as raw material, plays the role of portion of support structure, together
When also play the effect for absorbing most electromagnetic waves, it is excellent by the print performance and electromagnetic wave absorption performance of compatible Cu-S ore
Change proportion a variety of materials volume, reasonably optimizing preparation method, matching setting print parameters, finally develop can 3D printing electricity
Magnetic wave absorption concrete；Electromagnetic matching layer uses nano wave-absorption agent, can obtain broader wavelength and achieve the effect that rubber-ferrite,
And its printing property, wave absorbtion and mechanical property can be taken into account, using ultrasonic activation method, dispersing agent, coupling agent auxiliary under
Nanometer silicon dioxide particle is uniformly wrapped in carbonyl iron dust surface with regulation process, forms microcosmic double-layer structure, as much as possible
The direct reflection for reducing surface, improves its electromagnetic matching absorbing property.Concrete of the present invention can significantly improve promotion electromagnetic protection
Performance can largely promote the electricity of the building structure such as television transmitting station, base station, microwave experiment room, hospital and substation
Magnetic radiation protective capacities reduces the influence of electromagnetic interference, promotes physical and mental health of the mankind under electromagnetic environment.Meanwhile the present invention
Printing performance is high, mechanical strength is high, cost is lower, is conducive to push 3D combining with jet printing concrete
Practical engineering application.
It is nano wave-absorption agent made of major ingredient that the present invention, which selects carbonyl iron dust and nano silica, be can significantly reduce existing
The cost of nano wave-absorption agent, and can guarantee its good mechanical property again, it is able to achieve jet printing.
Raw material are divided into four groups in the preparation process for inhaling wave layer by the present invention, will there is powdery type, fine sand class and fiber-like
Raw material be rationally grouped and carry out the preparation that feeds intake, the incorporation time of every kind of material of strict control and stirring according to mixing time
Time ensure that the uniform mix and the optimal mixing time of every kind of material of raw material, printable concrete is greatly shortened and beats
Time of repose before print improves the extrudability and mobility of material, ensure that the construction performance of concrete.In print performance
On, by the rational proportion of each material, the matching of extruded velocity and print speed is arranged, and has this example concrete excellent
Mobility and extrudability, the constructiveness of 4 depth-width ratios may finally be reached, the construction for meeting 3D printing concrete structure is wanted
It asks.Material is divided into four groups in the preparation process of suction wave layer successively to be mixed.
In electromagnetic wave absorption performance, the present invention can reach the suction to 90% or more electromagnetic wave in 10GHz bin width
It receives, there is excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance.In addition, this example use this industrial waste of a large amount of Cu-S ore, reduce material at
This, achieved the effect that it is environmentally protective, be conducive to push 3D printing concrete practical engineering application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the nano wave-absorption agent surface of embodiment 1 coats SEM Electronic Speculum effect picture.
Fig. 2 is that the nano wave-absorption agent surface of embodiment 2 coats SEM Electronic Speculum effect picture.
Fig. 3 is the double-layer structure final effect figure of embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is that the nano wave-absorption agent surface of embodiment 3 coats SEM Electronic Speculum effect picture.
Fig. 5 is the double-layer electric magnetic wave structure reflectivity effect picture of embodiment 1-3.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is explained further below with reference to examples and drawings, but is not protected in this, as to the claim of this application
Protect the restriction of range.
The present invention is based on the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete of 3D and jet printing, including upper layer electromagnetic matching layer and lower layer to inhale
Wave layer inhales wave layer by 3D printing technique and prints acquisition, and the thickness in monolayer for the suction wave layer that 3D printing obtains is 10~15mm, is inhaled
Ferrite content is higher than ferrite content in C30 concrete (normal concrete) in wave layer；Electromagnetic matching layer passes through spraying technique
It is printed upon and inhales wave layer surface, ferrite content is lower than ferrite content in normal concrete in electromagnetic matching layer.
According to parts by weight, concrete inhales the composition of wave layer and content is respectively as follows:
Fast 6.8-7.2 parts of ordinary portland cement of hardness；
6.9-7.1 parts of quartz sand
1.65-1.75 parts of Cu-S ore；
0.2-0.5 parts of brass powder；
0.08-0.21 parts of red copper powder；
0.75-0.85 parts of silicon ash；
0.09-0.15 parts of water-reducing agent；
Length is 0.04-0.07 parts of basalt fibre of 11-14mm；
Viscosity is 0.003-0.005 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose of 20,000-7 ten thousand；
1.70-1.74 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the fast rigid ordinary portland cement is 348m2/ kg, density 3.0g/cm3, normal consistency use
Water is 25.9%, presetting period 170min, final setting time 210min, loss on ignition 3.5%, and content of magnesia is
2.18%, 3 days flexural strengths are 5.7MPa, and 3 days compression strength is 30MPa.Cement be in order to by its hydration reaction, it is cementing
Various raw material are formed with the entirety of mechanical strength.The use of fast hydraulic cement makes concrete obtain higher early strength,
Be conducive to improve the constructiveness of concrete.
The density of the silicon ash is 2.3g/cm3, specific surface area is 25~29m2/ g, moisture content 1.5%.The partial size of silicon ash
Most thin, its effect is the gap between filler aggregate, so that the size grading of entire compound is more uniform, structure is more
It is closely knit.Silicon ash can not only promote the mobility of 3D printing, extrudability, constructiveness, can also promote the mechanical property of concrete
Energy.
The water-reducing agent is poly carboxylic acid series water reducer, and water-reducing rate is greater than 30%, solid content 36.5%；
The length of the basalt fibre is 12mm, tensile strength 3300-4500MPa, elasticity modulus 95-
115GPa, elongation at break 2.4-3.0%.On the one hand the addition of basalt fibre reduces concrete early stage because moisture evaporates
And the cracking formed, while the fracture toughness of concrete after hardening can be improved.
The hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) is a kind of viscosity modifier, and preferred viscosities specification is 50,000 viscosity.Viscosity
The use of modifying agent improves the water-retaining property of mortar, so as to improve the mobility of mortar and extrudability.Meanwhile viscosity modifier
Also the section cohesive force of 3D printing structure between layers can be improved, to improve the globality of 3D printing structure.
The brass powder is prepared for water fog method, and average grain diameter is 55-75 μm, and D0.5 is 50-80 μm, and fine copper content exists
Between 90-95%；
The red copper powder is prepared for water fog method, and average grain diameter is 50-80 μm, and D0.5 is 55-75 μm, and fine copper content exists
Between 95-98%；
Heretofore described Cu-S ore etc. should be handled before use, guarantee that iron oxide content 53% or more, is put down
Equal particle size range is 100-150 μm, can meet production and application and require.
According to parts by weight, the composition of electromagnetic matching layer and content are respectively as follows:
0.02-0.04 parts of silane coupling agent
0.03-0.07 parts of watersoluble plumbago alkene dispersing agent
Fast 6.8-7.2 parts of ordinary portland cement of hardness
It is 6.9-7.1 parts husky
0.75-0.85 parts of silicon ash
0.09-0.15 parts of water-reducing agent
0.04-0.07 parts of basalt fibre
0.001-0.003 parts of thickener (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose)
0.5-0.7 parts of carbonyl iron dust
0.1-0.14 parts of nano silica
1.70-1.74 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the fast rigid ordinary portland cement is 348m2/ kg, density 3.0g/cm3, normal consistency use
Water is 25.9%, presetting period 170min, final setting time 210min, loss on ignition 3.5%, and content of magnesia is
2.18%, 3 days flexural strengths are 5.7MPa, and 3 days compression strength is 30MPa.Cement be in order to by its hydration reaction, it is cementing
Various raw material are formed with the entirety of mechanical strength.The use of fast hydraulic cement makes concrete obtain higher early strength,
Be conducive to improve the constructiveness of concrete.
The density of the silicon ash is 2.3g/cm3, specific surface area is 25~29m2/ g, moisture content 1.5%.The partial size of silicon ash
Most thin, its effect is the gap between filler aggregate, so that the size grading of entire compound is more uniform, structure is more
It is closely knit.Silicon ash can not only promote the mobility of 3D printing, extrudability, constructiveness, can also promote the mechanical property of concrete
Energy.
The water-reducing agent is poly carboxylic acid series water reducer, and water-reducing rate is greater than 30%, solid content 36.5%；
The length of the basalt fibre is 12mm, tensile strength 3300-4500MPa, elasticity modulus 95-
115GPa, elongation at break 2.4-3.0%.On the one hand the addition of basalt fibre reduces concrete early stage because moisture evaporates
And the cracking formed, while the fracture toughness of concrete after hardening can be improved.
The hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) is a kind of viscosity modifier, and preferred viscosities specification is 50,000 viscosity.Viscosity
The use of modifying agent improves the water-retaining property of mortar, so as to improve the mobility of mortar and extrudability.Meanwhile viscosity modifier
Also the section cohesive force of 3D printing structure between layers can be improved, to improve the globality of 3D printing structure.
The carbonyl iron dust iron content is 98.32%, apparent density 2.59g/cm3, tap density 4.16g/cm3。
The nano silica purity is 99.71%, and calcination loss 4.8%, granularity is 0.5 μm, and DBP absorption value is
3.6ml/g, whiteness 95%.
The silane coupling agent is a kind of colourless transparent liquid, be it is a kind of it is excellent cohere promotor, be applied to acrylic acid
Coating, adhesive and sealant.Flash-point be 96 DEG C, boiling point be 220 DEG C, the coupling agent index of refraction be 1.4170-1.4210,20
DEG C when density be 0.941-0.950g/cm3。
The watersoluble plumbago alkene dispersing agent is a kind of light yellow viscous liquid, its stable storage is not stratified, not anti-thick.Water
Property graphene dispersion agent pH value be 6.5-7.0, effective component 60%.
The suction wave layer preparation method the following steps are included:
(1) according to parts by weight, above-mentioned raw materials are divided into four groups, first group is fast rigid ordinary portland cement 6.8-
7.2 parts, 1.65-1.75 parts of Cu-S ore, 6.9-7.1 parts of quartz sand, second group is silicon ash 0.75-0.85 parts and basalt fibre
0.04-0.07 parts, third group be water-reducing agent 0.09-0.15 parts, 0.2-0.5 parts of brass powder, 0.08-0.21 parts of red copper powder, the 4th
Group is 1.70-1.74 parts of water and 0.003-0.005 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose；
(2) by first group of raw material, being sent into horizontal type blender carries out mixing 100s simultaneously, then corresponding again to incite somebody to action
Second group of raw material is added in the above-mentioned mixture being uniformly mixed simultaneously, then carries out mixing 200s, until being thoroughly mixed
It is even；
(3) third group and the 4th group of raw material are first uniformly mixed respectively, then respectively by mixed third group material
It is added in the end of a period mixture that step (2) obtains, stirs 80s, the 4th group is admixed, it is described to get arriving to be stirred for 180s
Concrete.
The nano wave-absorption agent preparation method of electromagnetic matching layer the following steps are included:
(1) in carbonyl iron dust 0.5-0.7 parts 0.3-0.35 parts of ethanol solution of addition, carbonyl iron dust suspension is placed in ultrasound
Wave vibrator carries out concussion processing with the vibration frequency of 28KHz, gradually instills coupling agent 0.02- when earthquake was to the 5th minute
0.04 part, 0-0.07 parts of dispersing agents are dropped evenly when earthquake was to 7 minutes, continue to stop for concussion the 15th minute, finally use temperature
105 degrees Celsius are dried into powder, and drying time 10-15min is stirred primary in 7min.
(2) in nano silica 0.1-0.14 parts 0.3-0.35 parts of ethanol solution of addition, nano silica is suspended
Liquid is placed in ultrasonic vibrator, carries out concussion processing with the vibration frequency of 28KHz, gradually instills coupling when earthquake was to 5 minutes
0.02-0.04 parts of agent, continue to stop for concussion 15 minutes, is finally dried into powder, drying time 10- with 105 degrees Celsius of temperature
15min is stirred primary in 7min.
(3) by the carbonyl iron dust and the identical 0.3-0.35 parts of ethyl alcohol of nano-silica powder placement after surface modification treatment
In solution, it is placed in ultrasonic vibrator, it is finally Celsius with temperature 105 after carrying out concussion 15 minutes with the vibration frequency of 28KHz
Degree is dried into powder, and drying time 10-15min is stirred primary in 7min.
The present invention also protects the method for construction of the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete based on 3D and jet printing, the party
The step of method, is:
1) 3D printing, which is built, inhales wave layer:
To inhale the pumping of wave layer material or it is mechanical be delivered in the printing head of 3D printer, time of repose 5-10min is described
Time of repose refer to since concrete prepare to printing time, setting printing head discharge area be 100~
260mm2, extruded velocity 0.01-0.02m3/ h, horizontal direction print speed are 160-180cm/min, are vertically to print speed
0.5-0.7m/h, nozzle printing height are 50-350mm, are then printed, and printing overall thickness is 10-15mm；
2) jet printing builds matching layer:
Using wet blasting construction engineering method, stringent reference standard " water conservancy project gunite concrete testing regulations " (DL/T 5721-
2015), " gunite concrete application technology regulation " (JGJ/T 372-2016), on three days suction wave layer concretes of maintenance
After simply polishing processing, spraying operation is directly carried out, matching layer mortar mixture is placed into pumped type spraying machine, air pressure
Contracting machine 12m3The volume of air supply of/min is sprayed, and guarantees that its wind pressure, to guarantee uniformly injection, keeps nozzle in 0.8MPa or so
With jet face 1.3m distance, jet printing height is 12-15mm, so far completes the construction of the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete.
The concrete obtained according to formula provided by the present invention and preparation method is printed, to the structure after printing
Body carries out correlated performance test, i.e. constructiveness evaluation, electromagnetic wave absorption performance evaluation, after tested using concrete of the present invention full
The printing that foot is proposed can guarantee going on smoothly for print procedure under the premise of requiring, and resulting structures body stablizes knot after printing
It is real.
Electromagnetic wave absorption performance test of the present invention is strictly referring to National Military Standard " radar absorbing reflectance test side
Method " (GJB 2038-1994).Electromagnetic wave absorption reflectance test uses arch frame bounce technique, with vector network analyzer (Agilent
N5232A) emit electromagnetic wave, by the transmission of emitting head and reception head, test out the reflectivity of the electromagnetic wave absorption of material.It participates in
The concrete of electromagnetic wave absorption reflectance test must at least through 28 days standard curing (relative humidity 95 ± 5%, maintenance temperature
20 ± 1 DEG C of degree).After maintenance, the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete test block is oven-dried in a low temperature of 60 DEG C, is contained for reducing
Influence of the water rate to reflection of electromagnetic wave rate.Then, concrete test block is cut into the size of 180mm*180mm*15mm, and
The smooth aluminum panel that upper 180mm*180mm is padded below test block, is tested in the frequency range of 1-18GHz.
Embodiment 1
Double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete of the present embodiment based on 3D and jet printing, including upper layer electromagnetic matching layer and lower layer
Wave layer to be inhaled, wave layer is inhaled by 3D printing technique and prints acquisition, the thickness in monolayer for the suction wave layer that 3D printing obtains is 10~15mm,
It inhales ferrite content in wave layer and is higher than ferrite content in C30 concrete；Electromagnetic matching layer is printed upon suction wave by spraying technique
Layer surface, ferrite content is lower than ferrite content in normal concrete in electromagnetic matching layer.
According to parts by weight, it inhales the composition of wave layer concrete and content is respectively as follows:
42.5# rigid 6.8 parts of ordinary portland cement fastly；
7.2 parts of quartz sand；
1.75 parts of Cu-S ore；
0.80 part of silicon ash；
0.12 part of water-reducing agent；
0.5 part of brass powder；
0.2 part of red copper powder；
Length is 0.07 part of basalt fibre of 12mm；
Viscosity is 0.003 part of HPMC viscosity modifier of 50,000；
1.72 parts of water.
The specific surface area of the fast rigid ordinary portland cement is 348m2/ kg, density 3.0g/cm3, normal consistency use
Water is 25.9%, presetting period 170min, final setting time 210min, loss on ignition 3.5%, and content of magnesia is
2.18%, 3 days flexural strengths are 5.7MPa, and 3 days compression strength is 30MPa.
The density of the silicon ash is 2.3g/cm3, specific surface area is 25~29m2/g；
The water-reducing agent is poly carboxylic acid series water reducer, and water-reducing rate is greater than 30%, solid content 36.5%；
The Cu-S ore density is 2.6g/cm3；Average grain diameter is 106 μm, and it is 53% that iron oxide is measured admittedly；
The brass powder average grain diameter is 60 μm, and D0.5 is 55 μm, and fine copper content is 93%；
The red copper powder average grain diameter is 65 μm, and D0.5 is 60 μm, and fine copper content is 98%.
Inhaling wave layer preparation method is:
(1) according to parts by weight, above-mentioned raw materials are divided into four groups, first group be fast rigid 6.8 parts of ordinary portland cement,
1.75 parts of Cu-S ore, 7.2 parts of quartz sand, second group is 0.8 part and 0.07 part of basalt fibre of silicon ash, and third group is water-reducing agent
0.12 part, 0.5 part of brass powder, 0.2 part of red copper powder, the 4th group is 1.72 parts of water and 0.003 part of hydroxypropyl methyl fiber
Element；
(2) by first group of raw material, being sent into 30L horizontal type blender carries out mixing 100s, mixing speed 45 simultaneously
Rev/min, it is then corresponding again to be added to second group of raw material in the above-mentioned mixture being uniformly mixed simultaneously, then mixed
Stirring 200s is closed, mixing speed is 45 revs/min, until being mixed thoroughly；
(3) third group and the 4th group of raw material are first uniformly mixed respectively, then respectively by mixed third group material
It is added in the end of a period mixture that step (2) obtains, stirs 80s, the 4th group is admixed, it is described to get arriving to be stirred for 180s
Concrete.
According to parts by weight, the composition and content for matching layer concrete are respectively as follows:
0.02 part of silane coupling agent
0.03 part of watersoluble plumbago alkene dispersing agent
Fast 6.8 parts of ordinary portland cement of hardness
It is 6.9 parts husky
0.75 part of silicon ash
0.09 part of water-reducing agent
0.04 part of basalt fibre
0.001 part of thickener
0.5 part of carbonyl iron dust
0.1 part of nano silica
1.70 parts of water.
The preparation process of electromagnetic matching layer is:
(1) in 0.5 part of carbonyl iron dust, 0.3 part of ethanol solution of addition, carbonyl iron dust suspension is placed in ultrasonic vibrator,
Concussion processing is carried out with the vibration frequency of 28KHz, gradually instills 0.01 part of coupling agent when earthquake was to the 5th minute, earthquake is extremely
0 part of dispersing agent is dropped evenly at 7 minutes, continues to stop for concussion the 15th minute, is finally dried into powder with 105 degrees Celsius of temperature,
Drying time 10min is stirred primary in 7min.
(2) in 0.1 part of nano silica, 0.3 part of ethanol solution of addition, nano silica suspension is placed in ultrasound
Wave vibrator carries out concussion processing with the vibration frequency of 28KHz, gradually instills 0.01 part of coupling agent when earthquake was to 5 minutes,
Continue to stop for concussion 15 minutes, is finally dried into powder with 105 degrees Celsius of temperature, drying time 10-15min is stirred in 7min
It mixes primary.
(3) by the carbonyl iron dust and the identical 0.3 part of ethanol solution of nano-silica powder placement after surface modification treatment
In, it is placed in ultrasonic vibrator, after carrying out concussion 15 minutes with the vibration frequency of 28KHz, finally with 105 degrees Celsius of temperature bakings
Dry Cheng Fenmo, drying time 15min are stirred primary in 7min.
The step of method of construction of the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete of the present embodiment based on 3D and jet printing, is:
1) 3D printing, which is built, inhales wave layer:
The pumping of wave layer material will be inhaled or machinery is delivered in the printing head of 3D printer, time of repose 7min, setting is beaten
Print spray outlet sectional area is 144mm2, extruded velocity 0.013m3/ h, horizontal direction print speed be 176cm/min, then into
Row printing is vertically 0.75m/h to print speed, and nozzle printing height is 110mm, and printing overall thickness is 15mm；
2) jet printing builds matching layer:
It is directly sprayed after carrying out polishing processing on the suction wave layer concrete of maintenance three days using wet blasting construction engineering method
Operation is penetrated, electromagnetic matching layer mortar mixture is placed into pumped type spraying machine, air compressor 12m3The volume of air supply of/min into
Row injection guarantees that its wind pressure in 0.8MPa, keeps nozzle and jet face 1.3m distance, and jet printing height is 12-15mm, until
This completes the construction of the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete.
The double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete and the above-mentioned structural body printed to the present embodiment carry out correlated performance test:
Nano wave-absorption agent surface modification treatment performance evaluation:
On carbonyl iron dust surface, package nano silica package is more closely knit, and floccule is nano silica, can be with
The wrapping layer for having formed one layer of denser is seen, the excessive electromagnetism ginseng of carbonyl iron dust-cement base gap is advantageously reduced
Number improves matching performance.
3D and jet printing performance evaluation:
Jeting surface uniform and delicate, no significant depressions, jet thickness is uniform, and difference in height is contacted in 0.5mm with 3D printing layer
Well.3D printing overall effect is uniform, and the regular wave shape size of printing path stroke is consistent, no recess, prints constructiveness
Good, print speed is uniform, no collapsing, Qinshui phenomenon.
Electromagnetic wave absorption performance evaluation:
The present embodiment is surveyed according to the requirement of " radar absorbing reflectivity test method " (GJB 2038-1994)
Examination.Test result is as shown in Fig. 5.It is 3.5GHz lower than -10dB bandwidth, it is meant that at least absorb 90% electromagnetic wave.Together
When, the present embodiment reflectivity also reaches -10.4dB peak value, the as absorption of 87% electromagnetic wave at 13.5GHz.
Embodiment 2
Composed structure, method of construction and the system for inhaling wave layer, electromagnetic matching layer of the present embodiment bilayer electromagnetic wave absorption concrete
Standby process is with embodiment 1, the difference is that according to parts by weight, the composition and content for inhaling wave layer concrete are respectively as follows:
42.5# rigid 6.9 parts of ordinary portland cement fastly；
7.1 parts of quartz sand；
1.75 parts of Cu-S ore；
0.75 part of silicon ash；
0.13 part of water-reducing agent；
0.3 part of brass powder；
0.12 part of red copper powder；
Length is 0.04 part of basalt fibre of 12mm；
Viscosity is 0.004 part of HPMC viscosity modifier of 50,000；
1.71 parts of water.
According to parts by weight, the composition and content for matching layer concrete are respectively as follows:
0.04 part of silane coupling agent
0.07 part of watersoluble plumbago alkene dispersing agent
95% 1.4 parts of pure ethanol solution
Fast 7.2 parts of ordinary portland cement of hardness
It is 7.1 parts husky
0.85 part of silicon ash
0.15 part of water-reducing agent
0.07 part of basalt fibre
0.003 part of thickener
0.7 part of carbonyl iron dust
0.14 part of nano silica
1.74 parts of water.
The method of construction of the present embodiment bilayer electromagnetic wave absorption concrete is:
1) 3D printing, which is built, inhales wave layer:
The pumping of wave layer material will be inhaled or machinery is delivered in the printing head of 3D printer, time of repose 10min, setting is beaten
Print spray outlet sectional area is 260mm2, extruded velocity 0.02m3/ h, horizontal direction print speed be 180cm/min, then into
Row printing is vertically 0.75m/h to print speed, and nozzle printing height is 110mm, and printing overall thickness is 15mm；
2) jet printing builds matching layer:
It is directly sprayed after carrying out polishing processing on the suction wave layer concrete of maintenance three days using wet blasting construction engineering method
Operation is penetrated, electromagnetic matching layer mortar mixture is placed into pumped type spraying machine, air compressor 12m3The volume of air supply of/min into
Row injection guarantees that its wind pressure in 0.8MPa, keeps nozzle and jet face 1.3m distance, and jet printing height is 12-15mm, until
This completes the construction of the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete.
Concrete and the above-mentioned structural body printed to the present embodiment carry out correlated performance test:
Nano wave-absorption agent surface modification treatment performance evaluation:
Nano silica is wrapped in carbonyl iron dust surface and more closely knit, is in floccule, can see and form one
The wrapping layer of layer denser, effectively reduces carbonyl iron dust-cement base electromagnetic parameter, improves matching performance.This example is received
Rice wave absorbing agent surface modification treatment better performances.
3D and jet printing performance evaluation:
Jeting surface uniform and delicate, without obvious protrusion, jet thickness is suitable for that difference in height is contacted in 0.5mm with 3D printing layer
Well.3D printing process is well on, and globality, the stability of print structure are preferable, no recess, and printing constructiveness is good, printing
Speed is uniform, no collapsing, Qinshui phenomenon.
Electromagnetic wave absorption performance evaluation:
This example is tested according to the requirement of " radar absorbing reflectivity test method " (GJB 2038-1994).It surveys
Test result is as shown in Fig. 5.It is 10GHz lower than -10dB bandwidth, it is meant that at least absorb 90% electromagnetic wave.Meanwhile this
Embodiment reflectivity also reaches -14.8dB peak value, the as absorption of 87% electromagnetic wave at 14.4GHz.
Embodiment 3
Composed structure, method of construction and the system for inhaling wave layer, electromagnetic matching layer of the present embodiment bilayer electromagnetic wave absorption concrete
Standby process is with embodiment 1, the difference is that according to parts by weight, the composition and content for inhaling wave layer concrete are respectively as follows:
42.5# rigid 7.0 parts of ordinary portland cement fastly；
7.0 parts of quartz sand；
1.70 parts of Cu-S ore；
0.80 part of silicon ash；
0.12 part of water-reducing agent；
0.2 part of brass powder；
0.08 part of red copper powder；
Length is 0.05 part of basalt fibre of 12mm；
Viscosity is 0.004 part of HPMC viscosity modifier of 50,000；
1.72 parts of water.
The method of construction of the present embodiment bilayer electromagnetic wave absorption concrete is:
1) 3D printing, which is built, inhales wave layer:
The pumping of wave layer material will be inhaled or machinery is delivered in the printing head of 3D printer, time of repose 10min, setting is beaten
Print spray outlet sectional area is 210mm2, extruded velocity 0.015m3/ h, horizontal direction print speed be 165cm/min, then into
Row printing is vertically 0.75m/h to print speed, and nozzle printing height is 110mm, and printing overall thickness is 14mm；
2) jet printing builds matching layer:
It is directly sprayed after carrying out polishing processing on the suction wave layer concrete of maintenance three days using wet blasting construction engineering method
Operation is penetrated, electromagnetic matching layer mortar mixture is placed into pumped type spraying machine, air compressor 12m3The volume of air supply of/min into
Row injection guarantees that its wind pressure in 0.8MPa, keeps nozzle and jet face 1.3m distance, jet printing height is 14mm, so far complete
At the construction of the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete.
Concrete and the above-mentioned structural body printed to the present embodiment carry out correlated performance test:
Nano wave-absorption agent surface modification treatment performance evaluation:
Nano silica floccule is wrapped up on carbonyl iron dust surface, and package is more closely knit, and one layer of formation is closeer
Real wrapping layer, had not only reduced carbonyl iron dust-excessive electromagnetic parameter of cement base gap, but also improve matching performance.
3D and jet printing performance evaluation:
Jeting surface uniform and delicate, no significant depressions, jet thickness is uniform, and difference in height is contacted in 0.5mm with 3D printing layer
Well.3D printing overall effect is uniform, and the regular wave shape size of printing path stroke is consistent, and no recess is shown excellent
Constructiveness and structural stability, print speed is uniform, it is no collapse, Qinshui phenomenon.
Electromagnetic wave absorption performance evaluation:
This example is tested according to the requirement of " radar absorbing reflectivity test method " (GJB 2038-1994).It surveys
Test result is as shown in Fig. 5.It is 0GHz lower than -10dB bandwidth, it is meant that at least absorb 90% electromagnetic wave.Meanwhile this reality
It applies a reflectivity and also reaches -9dB peak value, the as absorption of 87% electromagnetic wave at 14.3GHz.
The present invention does not address place and is suitable for the prior art.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete based on 3D and jet printing, which is characterized in that the concrete includes upper layer electricity
Wave layer is inhaled by magnetic matching layer and lower layer, inhales wave layer by 3D printing technique and prints acquisition, the single monolayer thick for the suction wave layer that 3D printing obtains
Degree is 10~15mm, inhales ferrite content in wave layer and is higher than ferrite content in C30 concrete；Electromagnetic matching layer passes through injection skill
Art, which is printed upon, inhales wave layer surface, and ferrite content is lower than ferrite content in normal concrete in electromagnetic matching layer.
2. the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete according to claim 1 based on 3D and jet printing, which is characterized in that described
Electromagnetic matching layer material is nano wave-absorption agent.
3. the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete according to claim 1 based on 3D and jet printing, which is characterized in that by weight
Number meter is measured, the composition and content of electromagnetic matching layer are respectively as follows:
0.02-0.04 parts of silane coupling agent,
0.03-0.07 parts of watersoluble plumbago alkene dispersing agent,
Fast 6.8-7.2 parts of ordinary portland cement of hardness,
It is 6.9-7.1 parts husky,
0.75-0.85 parts of silicon ash,
0.09-0.15 parts of water-reducing agent,
0.04-0.07 parts of basalt fibre,
0.001-0.003 parts of thickener,
0.5-0.7 parts of carbonyl iron dust,
0.1-0.14 parts of nano silica,
1.70-1.74 parts of water.
4. the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete according to claim 3 based on 3D and jet printing, which is characterized in that described
Carbonyl iron dust iron content is 98.32%, apparent density 2.59g/cm3, tap density 4.16g/cm3；The nanometer titanium dioxide
Silicon purity is 99.71%, calcination loss 4.8%, and granularity is 0.5 μm, and DBP absorption value is 3.6ml/g, whiteness 95%.
5. the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete according to claim 3 or 4 based on 3D and jet printing, which is characterized in that
The preparation process of the electromagnetic matching layer is:
(1) it is dissolved in ethanol solution and obtains carbonyl iron dust suspension for carbonyl iron dust 0.5-0.7 parts, carbonyl iron dust suspension is set
Enter ultrasonic vibrator, carry out concussion processing, the silane coupling agent of half, earthquake are gradually instilled when earthquake was to the 5th minute
Watersoluble plumbago alkene dispersing agent is dropped evenly when to 7 minutes, continues to stop for concussion the 15th minute, is finally dried into powder at 105 DEG C
End, drying time 10-15min；
(2) nano silica is dissolved in ethanol solution and obtains nano silica suspension, nano silica is hanged
Turbid is placed in ultrasonic vibrator, carries out concussion processing, gradually instills remaining silane coupling agent when earthquake was to 5 minutes, after
Continuous concussion stops for 15 minutes, and powder, drying time 10-15min are finally dried at 105 DEG C；
(3) by after step (1) and step (2) surface modification treatment carbonyl iron dust and nano-silica powder be dissolved in together
In ethanol solution, ultrasonic vibration is then carried out, the concussion time is 15~20min, and powder is finally dried at 105 DEG C, is dried
Time 10-15min.
6. the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete according to claim 1 based on 3D and jet printing, which is characterized in that described
Inhale wave layer according to parts by weight, composition and content are respectively as follows:
Fast 6.8-7.2 parts of ordinary portland cement of hardness；
6.9-7.1 parts of quartz sand；
1.65-1.75 parts of Cu-S ore；
0.2-0.5 parts of brass powder；
0.08-0.21 parts of red copper powder；
0.75-0.85 parts of silicon ash；
0.09-0.15 parts of water-reducing agent；
Length is 0.04-0.07 parts of basalt fibre of 11-14mm；
Viscosity is 0.003-0.005 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose of 20,000-7 ten thousand；
1.70-1.74 parts of water.
7. a kind of construction side of any double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete based on 3D and jet printing of claim 1-6
The step of method, this method, is:
1) 3D printing, which is built, inhales wave layer:
The pumping of wave layer material will be inhaled or machinery is delivered in the printing head of 3D printer, time of repose 5-10min, setting printing
Spray outlet sectional area is 100~260mm2, extruded velocity 0.01-0.02m3/ h, horizontal direction print speed are 160-180cm/
Then min is printed, printing overall thickness is 10-15mm；
2) jet printing builds matching layer:
Injection work is directly carried out after carrying out polishing processing on the suction wave layer concrete of maintenance three days using wet blasting construction engineering method
Electromagnetic matching layer mortar mixture is placed pumped type spraying machine, air compressor 12m by industry3The volume of air supply of/min is sprayed
It penetrates, guarantees that its wind pressure in 0.8MPa, keeps nozzle and jet face 1.3m distance, jet printing height is 12-15mm, is so far completed
The construction of the double-deck electromagnetic wave absorption concrete.
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