CN109553259A - A kind of waste composting facilities suitable for middle and small scale farm - Google Patents

A kind of waste composting facilities suitable for middle and small scale farm Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109553259A
CN109553259A CN201811465422.0A CN201811465422A CN109553259A CN 109553259 A CN109553259 A CN 109553259A CN 201811465422 A CN201811465422 A CN 201811465422A CN 109553259 A CN109553259 A CN 109553259A
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Prior art keywords
liquid collecting
waste composting
sloping floor
composting facilities
aeration tube
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CN201811465422.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN109553259B (en
Inventor
赵立欣
程红胜
沈玉君
孟海波
范盛远
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Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering CAAE
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Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering CAAE
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Priority to CN201811465422.0A priority Critical patent/CN109553259B/en
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Publication of CN109553259B publication Critical patent/CN109553259B/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02Biological treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90Apparatus therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/20Organic adsorbents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of waste composting facilities suitable for middle and small scale farm.Waste composting facilities provided by the invention, including fermentation vat, foul smell ventilation adsorption system, aerating system, drainage system and overlay film accumulated temperature system.Fermentation vat surrounds herringbone sloping floor by four sides porous wall and forms;The aerating system includes the main aeration tube, several branch aeration tubes and Aeration fan being layed on the herringbone sloping floor;The drainage system includes liquid collecting canal and liquid collecting canal infiltration lid;The liquid collecting canal is located at herringbone sloping floor bottom edge two sides;The liquid collecting canal infiltration lid covers the liquid collecting canal;The overlay film accumulated temperature system covers the fermentation vat, including light-permeable is plastic film coated and support frame;The plastic film coated covering support frame as described above of light-permeable.The waste composting facilities are structurally reasonable, ventilation is unobstructed, drainage sunk well is preferable, and accumulated temperature works well, composting is more efficient, are suitable for middle and small scale farm.

Description

A kind of waste composting facilities suitable for middle and small scale farm
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic fertilizer fermentation equipment technical fields, and in particular to a kind of excrement suitable for middle and small scale farm Dirty composting facilities.
Background technique
The fermentation reactor system mode of organic fertilizer generally comprises bar stack, compost reactor and static three kinds of compost of aeration, bar shaped Heap production method is simple, and investment is small, but fermentation time is very long;Compost reactor has composting short processing time, high-efficient etc. excellent Point, but often structure is complicated, invests big, high production cost and is difficult to obtain the popularization and use of larger area, static state aeration compost The advantages of combining above-mentioned heap, compost reactor, investment, fermentation time uniformly therebetween, have very high popularization Value, static state aeration compost Current Main Problems Existing is: 1, the structure setting of aerated conduit is unreasonable, easily causes compost internal oxygen Amount is insufficient.2, heap body surface face ventilation effect is bad, and a large amount of vapor and other volatile gases that heap body generates can not be effective Discharge easily causes heap body surface moisture content is excessively high fermentation is caused to be not thorough, and heap body, which generates foul smell and is directly discharged into air, pollutes ring Border.3, as the fermentation of heap body carries out in composting process, moisture is constantly settled, and heap body bottom moisture can not effectively be discharged, and cause Heap body bottom moisture, which crosses excess moisture, can not carry out aerobic fermentation.4, heap body surface temperature by the larger accumulated temperature effect of room temperature influence not It is good.Problem not only extends fermentation time present on, also affects the fertilizer efficiency quality of organic fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of waste composting facilities suitable for middle and small scale farm.
Waste composting facilities provided by the invention, including fermentation vat, foul smell ventilation adsorption system, aerating system, draining system System and overlay film accumulated temperature system;
The fermentation vat surrounds sloping floor by four sides porous wall and forms;
The foul smell ventilating system includes the porous wall, biomass absorbent material and exhaust blower;The biomass is inhaled Enclosure material is on the inside of the porous wall;The exhaust blower can be to air draft outside the porous wall;
The aerating system includes the main aeration tube, several branch aeration tubes and exposure being layed on the sloping floor Gas blower;
The main aeration tube is layed in the highest point of the sloping floor, is equipped with and the Aeration fan with wall connected end Connected air inlet;
The branch aeration tube is parallel to each other, and is layed on the inclined-plane of the sloping floor, one end and the main aeration tube phase Even, other end sealing;And several ventholes are evenly distributed on the branch aeration tube;
The drainage system includes liquid collecting canal and liquid collecting canal infiltration lid;The liquid collecting canal is located at institute, bottom edge, sloping floor two Side;The liquid collecting canal infiltration lid covers the liquid collecting canal;
The overlay film accumulated temperature system covers the fermentation vat, including light-permeable is plastic film coated and support frame;The light-permeable Plastic film coated covering support frame as described above.
In above-mentioned waste composting facilities, venthole has been evenly arranged inside and outside the porous wall.The venthole can guarantee water The exclusion effect of steam and escaping gas;The adsorbable a large amount of water vapours of the porous wall and escaping gas.
The exhaust blower is on the outside of the porous wall;
The biomass absorbent material is selected from least one of charcoal, stalk and sawdust;Concretely it is by mass ratio The mixture that charcoal, stalk and the sawdust of 1:1:1 forms;More specifically by charcoal, stalk and the sawdust group of equal mass ratioes At mixture.Stalk concretely smashed stalk.The biomass absorbent material has moisture and volatile gas Good adsorption effect.
The main aeration tube is segmented uniformly distributed throttle valve.Throttle valve can be selectively closed according to the size of heap body, reduce wind The waste of amount.
The branch aeration tube is parallel to the ground, and is partly embedded in ground.The part basseted can ooze out compost Liquid plays good guide functions.
The Aeration fan is to meet requirement of the aerobic fermentation to oxygen in aerating system for what is be aerated to heap body;
The sloping floor is herringbone sloping floor;The tilt angle of the sloping floor is 5 °.
Heap body diffusate can be guided in liquid collecting canal 7 by the inclination of cement flooring well.
The liquid collecting canal infiltration lid is uniformly provided with seepage mouth, may be implemented to be separated by solid-liquid separation.
Aforementioned present invention provide waste composting facilities in compost application and using the waste composting facilities progress The method of compost, also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
It wherein, include: that composting material is placed in the fermentation vat using the method that the waste composting facilities carry out compost Inside ferment;
Need to open the valve of the main aeration tube when tonifying Qi;
The exhaust blower is opened when gas concentration is excessively high in fermentation vat.
It more specifically, include: that will first configure according to a certain ratio using the method that the waste composting facilities carry out compost Organic fertilizer composting material place fermentation vat in, be allowed to spontaneous fermentation, since fermentation process belongs to aerobic fermentation, need fermenting Supplemental oxygen (air is continuously replenished in practice) just can make composting material completely decomposed constantly into composting material in the process, Main aeration tube valve is opened when needing tonifying Qi, is sent by branch aeration tube to composting material, and air inlet inside composting material is made Amount is sufficient, so as to sufficiently be fermented.Heap body moisture constantly settles in composting process, and imports collection along inclination cement flooring In liquid canal, when heap body generation vapor and volatilization gas excessive concentration opening exhaust blower, vapor and escaping gas are passed through Antipriming pipe wall filled with adsorbable material, adsorbable a large amount of water vapours and escaping gas.
Waste composting facilities provided by the invention are structurally reasonable, ventilation is unobstructed, drainage sunk well is preferable, accumulated temperature works well, Composting is more efficient, is suitable for middle and small scale farm.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the waste composting facilities structural schematic diagram provided by the invention suitable for middle and small scale farm;
Fig. 2 is axis side schematic diagram on the waste composting facilities provided by the invention suitable for middle and small scale farm;
Fig. 3 is the waste composting facilities lower axle side schematic diagram provided by the invention suitable for middle and small scale farm.
Description of symbols:
In figure: 1. fermentation vats, 2. biomass absorbent materials, 3. exhaust blowers, 4. light-permeables are plastic film coated, 5. main aeration tubes, 6. porous wall, 7. liquid collecting canals, 8 cement floorings, 9 liquid collecting canals infiltration lid, 10. aeration tubes, 11. support frames, 12 Aeration fans.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated combined with specific embodiments below, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.Institute State method is conventional method unless otherwise instructed.The raw material can obtain unless otherwise instructed from public commercial source. It should be noted that the feature in the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment can be combined with each other under not conflict situations.
Embodiment 1
Waste composting facilities provided by the invention suitable for middle and small scale farm, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, including hair Ferment pond 1, foul smell ventilation adsorption system, aerating system, drainage system, overlay film accumulated temperature system;
The fermentation vat 1 is located in greenhouse, and fermentation vat 1 surrounds herringbone sloping floor 8 by four sides porous wall and forms;It is The main place that compost occurs;
The foul smell ventilating system includes porous wall 6, biomass absorbent material 2 and exhaust blower 3;The biomass absorbent Material 2 is located at 6 inside of porous wall, and exhaust blower 3, can be to air draft outside the porous wall embedded in 6 outside of porous wall;Heap Gas in greenhouse is sucked out the suction that starting exhaust blower 3 is generated by exhaust blower 3 during fertilizer carries out;Pass through porous wall 6 and life Substance adsorbent material 2 carries out absorption and reaches harmless discharge into air;It is 1 that the biomass absorbent material 2, which is by mass ratio: The mixture that charcoal, stalk and the sawdust of 1:1 forms;
The aerating system includes a main aeration tube 5 being layed on the herringbone sloping floor, several branch exposures Tracheae 10 and Aeration fan 12;The main aeration tube 5 is layed in the highest point of the herringbone sloping floor 8, is connected with wall End is equipped with the air inlet being connected with the Aeration fan 12;The main aeration tube 5 is fixedly connected with several edges along its length The branch aeration tube 10 of ground inclination, one end are connected with the main aeration tube, other end sealing;It is evenly distributed on branch aeration tube 10 Several ventholes;
The main aeration tube 5 is segmented uniformly distributed throttle valve, can selectively close throttle valve according to the size of heap body, reduce wind The waste of amount.
The branch aeration tube 10 is parallel to the ground, and is partly embedded in cement flooring, and the part basseted can be to heap Fertile diffusate plays good guide functions.
The drainage system includes liquid collecting canal 7 and liquid collecting canal infiltration lid 9;The liquid collecting canal 7 is located at herringbone sloping floor 8 Bottom edge two sides, the liquid collecting canal infiltration lid 9 cover the liquid collecting canal 7, are located at 7 top of liquid collecting canal and herringbone sloping floor 8 most Lower position is horizontal, and a large amount of penetrating fluids generated in composting process import in collecting tank 7 along herringbone sloping floor 8, collecting tank Permeable lid 9 can separate composted solids raw material with penetrating fluid.
The overlay film accumulated temperature system covers the fermentation vat, including light-permeable plastic film coated 4 and support frame 11, and light-permeable covers Film 4 is located at support frame top 11, covers support frame as described above 11;Support frame as described above 11 is located at entire greenhouse top, in composting process Poplar can pass through transparent film-covered 4 excessively and be shining into greenhouse and can play product to the evaporation of vapor, the decomposition of foul smell and the accumulated temperature of heap body Pole effect.
The waste composting facilities will be in use, first will place fermentation vat by configured organic fertilizer composting material according to a certain ratio It is interior, it is allowed to spontaneous fermentation, since fermentation process belongs to aerobic fermentation, needs constantly to supplement into composting material during the fermentation Oxygen (air is continuously replenished in practice) just can make composting material completely decomposed, and main aeration pipe valve is opened when needing tonifying Qi Door, is sent by branch aeration tube 10 to composting material, keeps air inflow inside composting material sufficient, so as to sufficiently be sent out Ferment.Heap body moisture constantly settles in composting process, and imports in liquid collecting canal 7 along inclination cement flooring, when heap body generates vapor Exhaust blower 3 is opened with volatilization gas excessive concentration, vapor and escaping gas are passed through more filled with adsorbable material 2 Hole wall 6, adsorbable a large amount of water vapours and escaping gas.
The foregoing is merely preferably case study on implementation of the invention, are not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Within mind and principle, any modification made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc. are all included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of waste composting facilities, including fermentation vat, foul smell ventilation adsorption system, aerating system, drainage system and overlay film product Warm system;
The fermentation vat surrounds sloping floor by four sides porous wall and forms;
The foul smell ventilating system includes the porous wall, biomass absorbent material and exhaust blower;The biomass absorbent material Material is on the inside of the porous wall;The exhaust blower can be to air draft outside the porous wall;
The aerating system includes a main aeration tube being layed on the sloping floor, several branch aeration tubes and aeration wind Machine;
The main aeration tube is layed in the highest point of the sloping floor, is equipped with wall connected end and is connected with the Aeration fan Air inlet;
The branch aeration tube is parallel to each other, and is layed on the inclined-plane of the sloping floor, and one end is connected with the main aeration tube, separately One end sealing;And several ventholes are evenly distributed on the branch aeration tube;
The drainage system includes liquid collecting canal and liquid collecting canal infiltration lid;The liquid collecting canal is located at sloping floor bottom edge two sides; The liquid collecting canal infiltration lid covers the liquid collecting canal;
The overlay film accumulated temperature system covers the fermentation vat, including light-permeable is plastic film coated and support frame;The light-permeable plastics Overlay film covers support frame as described above.
2. waste composting facilities according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be evenly arranged inside and outside the porous wall logical Stomata;
The exhaust blower is on the outside of the porous wall.
3. waste composting facilities according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the biomass absorbent material is selected from life At least one of object charcoal, stalk and sawdust.
4. waste composting facilities according to claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: the main aeration tube segmentation is uniformly distributed Throttle valve.
5. waste composting facilities according to any one of claims 1-4, it is characterised in that: the branch aeration tube and ground are flat Row, and be partly embedded in ground.
6. any waste composting facilities in -5 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the sloping floor is herringbone Sloping floor;
The tilt angle of the sloping floor is 5 °.
7. any waste composting facilities in -6 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the liquid collecting canal infiltration lid is uniform It is provided with seepage mouth.
8. application of any waste composting facilities in compost in claim 1-7.
9. a kind of method for carrying out compost using the waste composting facilities any in claim 1-7, comprising: by composting material It is placed in the fermentation vat and ferments;
Need to open the valve of the main aeration tube when tonifying Qi;
The exhaust blower is opened when gas concentration is excessively high in fermentation vat.
CN201811465422.0A 2018-12-03 2018-12-03 Manure composting facility suitable for medium and small scale farms Active CN109553259B (en)

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CN109553259B CN109553259B (en) 2021-10-08

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112694354A (en) * 2021-01-07 2021-04-23 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 Film-covered oxygen-increasing fermentation tower for continuously and rapidly manufacturing organic fertilizer by using household garbage

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004123460A (en) * 2002-10-03 2004-04-22 Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha Ltd Composting and drying apparatus and composting and drying method
CN201268668Y (en) * 2008-09-05 2009-07-08 苏州市环境工程有限责任公司 Sludge aerobic static state composting apparatus
CN101913925A (en) * 2010-08-11 2010-12-15 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Solid fermented compost device capable of being continuously operated and compost process
CN102180719A (en) * 2010-12-08 2011-09-14 中国农业大学 Decomposition device for treating rural domestic waste composting waste gas with biomass
CN105859349A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-08-17 蔡永辉 Aerating, collecting and exhausting combining system in solid-state-composting aerobic fermentation and application thereof
CN207435333U (en) * 2017-08-31 2018-06-01 天津绿之本生物科技有限公司 A kind of organic fertilizer fermenting apparatus
CN207491578U (en) * 2017-10-01 2018-06-15 连云港市动物卫生监督所 A kind of weather proof straw ensiling cellar for storing things

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004123460A (en) * 2002-10-03 2004-04-22 Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha Ltd Composting and drying apparatus and composting and drying method
CN201268668Y (en) * 2008-09-05 2009-07-08 苏州市环境工程有限责任公司 Sludge aerobic static state composting apparatus
CN101913925A (en) * 2010-08-11 2010-12-15 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Solid fermented compost device capable of being continuously operated and compost process
CN102180719A (en) * 2010-12-08 2011-09-14 中国农业大学 Decomposition device for treating rural domestic waste composting waste gas with biomass
CN105859349A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-08-17 蔡永辉 Aerating, collecting and exhausting combining system in solid-state-composting aerobic fermentation and application thereof
CN207435333U (en) * 2017-08-31 2018-06-01 天津绿之本生物科技有限公司 A kind of organic fertilizer fermenting apparatus
CN207491578U (en) * 2017-10-01 2018-06-15 连云港市动物卫生监督所 A kind of weather proof straw ensiling cellar for storing things

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112694354A (en) * 2021-01-07 2021-04-23 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 Film-covered oxygen-increasing fermentation tower for continuously and rapidly manufacturing organic fertilizer by using household garbage
CN112694354B (en) * 2021-01-07 2024-04-16 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 Tectorial membrane oxygenation fermentation tower of domestic waste continuous quick preparation fertilizer

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