CN109551843A - 汽艇用芳纶pvc复合膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

汽艇用芳纶pvc复合膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109551843A
CN109551843A CN201811465886.1A CN201811465886A CN109551843A CN 109551843 A CN109551843 A CN 109551843A CN 201811465886 A CN201811465886 A CN 201811465886A CN 109551843 A CN109551843 A CN 109551843A
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pvc
aramid fiber
motorboat
composite membrane
counterdie
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郝恩全
朱静江
李宏杰
张国栋
凌晓国
张仁彪
陈小平
邓梁
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ZHEJIANG MSD NEW MATERIAL CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜及其制备方法，所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜由上而下顺次包括PVC面膜、芳纶机织布和PVC底膜，所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜分别与芳纶机织布之间通过浆料粘接；其采用芳纶机织布为骨架材料，经上浆与PVC面膜、PVC底膜双面贴合而成。本发明通过优选原料和贴合工艺，使制备得到的产品具有高强耐冲击性，良好的拉伸性能、阻燃性能、耐老化性能、抗渗水性能及抗芯吸效果，同时具备很好的安全环保性，克服了市场上PVC膜强度低的难题，提升了产品的质量和附加值，被广泛用作汽艇材料，市场前景广阔。

Description

汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽艇材料，尤其是涉及一种汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着新材料的研发和技术的更新，我国产业用纺织品的种类和质量得到了高速发展。汽艇材料就是其中一种，传统汽艇材料主要为橡胶、树脂类，随着科技的不断进步，近十年来我国汽艇材料的开发应用处在发展阶段，所采用的纤维原料、基布的组织结构和整理加工工艺技术不断地更新，传统的汽艇材料正向新一代技术型过渡，不断向新的市场领域扩展。
目前对汽艇材料在研究应用中应达到以下要求：
—质地轻，易折叠，搬运操作方便；
—防水性能、耐老化性能好；
—抗拉伸负荷和顶破强力要高，剥离负荷高。
为满足以上应用要求，对汽艇材料原料材质、组织结构和工艺设计等的选择至关重要。
充气汽艇作为水上运动的热门项目，一直深受年轻人的追捧。目前，充气汽艇的材质以PVC复合材料居多。PVC因加工简单，成本低一直为汽艇厂家的首选。汽艇用PVC复合材料要求轻质、高强，但在保证轻质要求时强力难以达到，因此强力成为各个PVC材料厂家重点攻克的难点。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供了一种汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜及其制备方法，本发明产品采用芳纶机织布为骨架材料，经上浆与PVC膜双面贴合而成，产品承载能力大，气密性、抗芯吸能力强。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜，所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜由上而下顺次包括PVC面膜、芳纶机织布和PVC底膜，所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜分别与芳纶机织布之间通过浆料粘接。
本发明汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜，与一般涤纶PVC复合材料相比，不仅具有高强、防渗水、抗芯吸的特点，同时产品具有耐冲击、阻燃、高温不产生融滴的特点。
作为优选，所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜中添加有复合型环保阻燃剂，所述复合型环保阻燃剂由磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌组成。
作为优选，所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜中添加有阻燃性增塑剂异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯。
本发明的关键点之一就是选择适宜的骨架材料，它决定汽艇材料的平整性、物理机械性能等，针对产品平整度高，且产品要求轻便、拉伸负荷、CBR顶破强力高、抗芯吸性能好等特点，通过不断优化、基布选用高密度芳纶机织布骨架材料。由于它的机械性能好，拉伸负荷、顶破强力高；芳纶织物具有质轻的特点，产品携带更加轻便；选择高密度芳纶织物，从产品内部起到抗芯吸的作用。因此，选用该基布经过相应特殊工艺可以使所得的汽艇材料产品不会在使用中带来尺寸、形状、平整度发生变化的问题。产品高强、抗芯吸、更加轻便易携带。
汽艇材料的阻燃性是其应用安全的一个重要特征。本发明在改善阻燃性方面，在PVC膜生产过程中添加了磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌复合型环保阻燃剂。通过复合阻燃剂的协同作用，在燃烧过程形成了包括吸热作用、覆盖作用、抑制链反应、不燃气体的窒息作用等一系列阻燃作用。此外，常规增塑剂的加入会影响产品的阻燃性能，因此本发明的生产加工过程中选用阻燃性增塑剂异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯(IPPP)，进一步提升了膜的阻燃性能。
一种汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜的制备方法，采用芳纶机织布为骨架材料，经上浆与PVC面膜、PVC底膜双面贴合而成。
本发明汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜(充气材料)采用芳纶机织物为骨架材料，与PVC膜涂胶贴合而成。制备得到的产品承载能力大，气密性、抗芯吸能力强。相比普通贴合PVC膜产品，本发明产品采用芳纶机织物为基材，产品在发生燃烧时具有自熄性能，保证了使用安全，再者芳纶纤维为超高强、高模量和耐高温、重量轻、抗老化的一种纤维，使用芳纶机织物作为骨架材料不仅保证了产品高强耐撞击、耐老化的特点，而且产品质轻更适合汽艇使用。
为保证高温贴合作业过程中的骨架材料(基布)与PVC膜的剥离强度，对贴合工艺进行相应调整，作为优选，所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
(1)双面涂胶：芳纶机织布含浸上浆后分别经过150～170℃、160～180℃、170～190℃、170～190℃、160～180℃五道烘干工序；以保证基布与PVC膜的贴合强度；
(2)贴合：PVC底膜预热温度控制为120～150℃，PVC面膜大轮温度控制为170～190℃，PVC底膜大轮温度控制为190～210℃，车速为5～9米/min。
作为优选，所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜的原料包括：PVC树脂粉100重量份、增塑剂30～50重量份，复合型环保阻燃剂1～8重量份。
作为优选，所述复合型环保阻燃剂由磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌组成，所述磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌的重量比为：1：0.5～1.5：0.5～1.5：0.5～1.5；所述增塑剂为阻燃性增塑剂异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯。
作为优选，通过两次涂胶的方式完成上浆。常规贴合工艺中，若采用一次双面涂胶，难以保证PVC膜与芳纶基布良好的贴合，本发明通过两次涂胶的方式来进一步提高芳纶基布纱线之间、PVC膜与芳纶基布之间的贴合牢度并提高了产品的抗芯吸效果。本发明所述两次涂胶的具体工艺过程为：将芳纶布浸轧EPVC糊(120pnr增塑剂)，再两面轮表EPVC糊(100pnr增塑剂)经烘箱烘干。
作为优选，浆料的原料为：EPVC糊树脂100重量份，异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯35～65重量份，粘合剂6～20重量份。
上述粘合剂可以选用聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯或环氧树脂。
作为优选，所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜的制备方法，具体包括下述步骤：
(1)双面涂胶：芳纶机织布含浸上浆后分别经过160℃、170℃、180℃、180℃、170℃五道烘干工序；
(2)贴合：PVC底膜预热温度控制为130～140℃，PVC面膜大轮温度控制为180℃，PVC底膜大轮温度控制为200℃，车速为7米/min。
本发明通过优选原料和贴合工艺，使制备得到的产品具有高强耐冲击性，良好的拉伸性能、阻燃性能、耐老化性能、抗渗水性能及抗芯吸效果，同时具备很好的安全环保性，克服了市场上PVC膜强度低的难题，提升了产品的质量和附加值，被广泛用作汽艇材料，市场前景广阔。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明所要保护的范围并不限于此。
实施例1
参照图1，一种汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜，所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜由上而下顺次包括PVC面膜1、芳纶机织布2和PVC底膜3，所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜分别与芳纶机织布之间通过浆料粘接。
所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜的原料包括：PVC树脂粉100重量份、增塑剂43重量份，复合型环保阻燃剂6重量份。所述复合型环保阻燃剂由磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌组成，所述磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌的重量比为：1：0.7：0.8：0.9；所述增塑剂为阻燃性增塑剂异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯。
所述浆料的原料为：EPVC糊树脂100重量份，异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯60重量份，粘合剂17重量份。
本发明汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜采用芳纶机织布为骨架材料，经上浆与PVC面膜、PVC底膜双面贴合而成。
原料选择
本发明的关键点之一就是选择适宜的骨架材料，它决定汽艇材料的平整性、物理机械性能等，针对产品平整度高，且产品要求轻便、拉伸负荷、CBR顶破强力高、抗芯吸性能好等特点，通过不断优化、基布选用高密度芳纶机织布骨架材料。由于它的机械性能好，拉伸负荷、顶破强力高；芳纶织物具有质轻的特点，产品携带更加轻便；选择高密度芳纶织物，从产品内部起到抗芯吸的作用。因此，选用该基布经过相应特殊工艺可以使所得的汽艇材料产品不会在使用中带来尺寸、形状、平整度发生变化的问题。产品高强、抗芯吸、更加轻便易携带。
PVC膜选择
汽艇材料的阻燃性是其应用安全的一个重要特征。本发明在改善阻燃性方面，在PVC膜生产过程中添加了磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌复合型环保阻燃剂。通过复合阻燃剂的协同作用，在燃烧过程形成了包括吸热作用、覆盖作用、抑制链反应、不燃气体的窒息作用等一系列阻燃作用。此外，常规增塑剂的加入会影响产品的阻燃性能，因此本发明的生产加工过程中选用阻燃性增塑剂异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯(IPPP)，进一步提升了膜的阻燃性能。
膜贴合工艺
常规贴合工艺中，若采用一次双面涂胶，难以保证PVC膜与芳纶基布良好的贴合，本发明通过两次涂胶的方式来进一步提高芳纶基布纱线之间、PVC膜与芳纶基布之间的贴合牢度并提高了产品的抗芯吸效果。为保证高温贴合作业过程中的骨架材料(基布)与PVC膜的剥离强度，对贴合工艺进行相应调整，具体如下：
(1)双面涂胶：芳纶机织布含浸上浆后分别经过160℃、170℃、180℃、180℃、170℃五道烘干工序，以保证基布与PVC膜的贴合强度；
(2)贴合：PVC底膜预热温度控制为130～140℃，PVC面膜大轮温度控制为180℃，PVC底膜大轮温度控制为200℃，车速为7米/min。
本发明经优选芳纶机织物作为基材，保证了产品抗冲击能力，高强的特点，使其具有高强耐冲击性，满足汽艇材料使用要求；通过优选复合用胶黏剂和工艺，提高了产品的剥离强力和抗渗水性；优选具有阻燃特点的芳纶布为基材，产品燃烧后具有自熄性能，使用安全；原料选择环保增塑剂和胶黏剂，保证生产过程环保无污染，符合健康发展理念，具有较好的安全环保性。
本发明汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜，与一般涤纶PVC复合材料相比，不仅具有高强、防渗水、抗芯吸的特点，同时产品具有耐冲击、阻燃、高温不产生融滴的特点。
产品主要技术指标如表1所示：
表1
实施例2
参照图1，一种汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜，所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜由上而下顺次包括PVC面膜1、芳纶机织布2和PVC底膜3，所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜分别与芳纶机织布之间通过浆料粘接。
所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜的原料包括：PVC树脂粉100重量份、增塑剂30重量份，复合型环保阻燃剂2重量份。所述复合型环保阻燃剂由磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌组成，所述磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌的重量比为：1：0.9：0.8：1；所述增塑剂为阻燃性增塑剂异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯。
所述浆料的原料为：EPVC糊树脂100重量份，异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯40重量份，粘合剂12重量份。
本发明汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜采用芳纶机织布为骨架材料，经上浆与PVC面膜、PVC底膜双面贴合而成，具体包括下述步骤：
(1)双面涂胶：芳纶机织布含浸上浆后分别经过150℃、160℃、170℃、170℃、160℃五道烘干工序；
(2)贴合：PVC底膜预热温度控制为120～130℃，PVC面膜大轮温度控制为170℃，PVC底膜大轮温度控制为190℃，车速为5米/min。
产品主要技术指标如表2所示：
表2
实施例3
参照图1，一种汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜，所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜由上而下顺次包括PVC面膜1、芳纶机织布2和PVC底膜3，所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜分别与芳纶机织布之间通过浆料粘接。
所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜的原料包括：PVC树脂粉100重量份、增塑剂50重量份，复合型环保阻燃剂8重量份。所述复合型环保阻燃剂由磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌组成，所述磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌的重量比为：1：1.1：1.2：1.1；所述增塑剂为阻燃性增塑剂异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯。
所述浆料的原料为：EPVC糊树脂100重量份，异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯65重量份，粘合剂20重量份。)
本发明汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜采用芳纶机织布为骨架材料，经上浆与PVC面膜、PVC底膜双面贴合而成，具体包括下述步骤：
(1)双面涂胶：芳纶机织布含浸上浆后分别经过170℃、180℃、190℃、190℃、180℃五道烘干工序；
(2)贴合：PVC底膜预热温度控制为140～150℃，PVC面膜大轮温度控制为190℃，PVC底膜大轮温度控制为210℃，车速为9米/min。
产品主要技术指标如表3所示：
表3

Claims (10)

1.一种汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜，其特征在于：所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜由上而下顺次包括PVC面膜、芳纶机织布和PVC底膜，所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜分别与芳纶机织布之间通过浆料粘接。
2.根据权利要求1所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜，其特征在于：所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜中添加有复合型环保阻燃剂，所述复合型环保阻燃剂由磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜，其特征在于：所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜中添加有阻燃性增塑剂异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯。
4.一种权利要求1所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜的制备方法，其特征在于：采用芳纶机织布为骨架材料，经上浆与PVC面膜、PVC底膜双面贴合而成。
5.根据权利要求4所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜的制备方法，其特征在于包括下述步骤：
(1)双面涂胶：芳纶机织布含浸上浆后分别经过150～170℃、160～180℃、170～190℃、170～190℃、160～180℃五道烘干工序；
(2)贴合：PVC底膜预热温度控制为120～150℃，PVC面膜大轮温度控制为170～190℃，PVC底膜大轮温度控制为190～210℃，车速为5～9米/min。
6.根据权利要求4所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述PVC面膜、PVC底膜的原料包括：PVC树脂粉100重量份、增塑剂30～50重量份，复合型环保阻燃剂1～8重量份。
7.根据权利要求6所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述复合型环保阻燃剂由磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌组成，所述磷酸三甲苯酯、三氧化二锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌的重量比为：1：0.5～1.5：0.5～1.5：0.5～1.5；所述增塑剂为阻燃性增塑剂异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯。
8.根据权利要求4所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜的制备方法，其特征在于：通过两次涂胶的方式完成上浆。
9.根据权利要求4所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜的制备方法，其特征在于：浆料的原料为：EPVC糊树脂100重量份，异丙基化三苯基磷酸酯35～65重量份，粘合剂6～20重量份。
10.根据权利要求5所述汽艇用芳纶PVC复合膜的制备方法，其特征在于具体包括下述步骤：
(1)双面涂胶：芳纶机织布含浸上浆后分别经过160℃、170℃、180℃、180℃、170℃五道烘干工序；
(2)贴合：PVC底膜预热温度控制为130～140℃，PVC面膜大轮温度控制为180℃，PVC底膜大轮温度控制为200℃，车速为7米/min。
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