CN109544683A - Architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method based on oblique photograph data - Google Patents
Architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method based on oblique photograph data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method based on oblique photograph data, belongs to technical field of civil engineering.This method carries out data preparation first, including urban geographic information basic data, groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data and oblique photograph are taken photo by plane picture；Then three-dimensional live model modeling, a variety of optimization methods acceleration modeling of, adjustment level of detail sparse using destination and computer cluster auxiliary are carried out；Model singulation and post-processing, including buildings model singulation, texture compression and environmental model flattening are carried out again；Three-dimensional live model and urban geographic information basic data, groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data are finally used, realizes groups of building earthquake response sense of reality dynamic and visual.This method can truly exhibition building object earthquake displacement course, can be used for the virtual emergency drilling in city, provide decision references for planning of seismic disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency preplan etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of civil engineering, with particularly relating to a kind of architecture ensemble based on oblique photograph data
Shake reaction dynamic and visual method.
Background technique
Earthquake causes grave danger to urban safety, may cause serious casualties, such as Wenchuan earthquake etc..City
Earthquake response process visualization can be used for virtual earthquake emergency drilling, provide an earthquake scene true to nature for personnel, thus
Raising personnel's earthquake emergency ability, to reduce casualties.However, how to show to high realism that URBAN EARTHQUAKE process is one
Crucial problem.
Oblique photograph (Oblique Photogrammetry) technology provides the three of high realism to solve this problem
Tie up city model.Oblique photograph technology loads more cameras using unmanned plane, acquires image data from different angles, then may be used
To establish the earth's surface threedimensional model with photorealistic according to these image datas.By the technology, can establish true
The city threedimensional model of sense, resolution ratio is up to centimetre rank.Currently, oblique photograph technology is applied URBAN EARTHQUAKE scene number
Word modeling and the assessment of earthquake.But it is not based on oblique photograph data and realizes architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual
Correlative study and report.The present invention will utilize oblique photograph data, realize the architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic of high realism
Visualization, provides reasonable, true scene for the virtual earthquake emergency drilling in city, preferably to support Emergence decision.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of architecture ensemble earthquake responses based on oblique photograph data
Dynamic and visual method.
It is as follows that the method comprising the steps of:
(1) data preparation: data include urban geographic information basic data, groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data with
And oblique photograph is taken photo by plane picture；
(2) three-dimensional live model modeling: three-dimensional live model is established using oblique photograph picture of taking photo by plane, and is optionally taken
A variety of optimization methods；
(3) model singulation and post-processing: singulation is carried out to three-dimensional live model, and then carries out texture compression and carries out
Environmental model flattening；
(4) three-dimensional live model and urban geographic information base groups of building earthquake response sense of reality dynamic and visual: are used
Plinth data, groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data realize groups of building earthquake response sense of reality dynamic and visual.
Wherein, urban geographic information basic data includes building number, structure type, building height, building in step (1)
The number of plies builds age, floor area and uses function；
Groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data using architecture storey as basic unit, and with urban geographic information basis number
Building in corresponds；
Above-mentioned oblique photograph take photo by plane picture ground resolution between 5cm~20cm, oblique photograph picture of taking photo by plane is continuous
Lap between image is more than 60%, and segmentation of the same atural object between different shooting points is less than 15 °.
Optimization method includes that sparse destination, adjustment level of detail and computer cluster assist in step (2)；
Wherein, destination is sparse, refers in the case where taking into account model quality, Aerial Images Duplication, by deleting part
Aerial Images group is to obtain faster three-dimensional live model modeling speed；
Level of detail is adjusted, the location of is referred to according to the node of object model in display environment and different degree, certainly
The resource allocation of earnest body rendering, reduces the face number and degrees of detail of insignificant object, to improve scene rendering efficiency；
Computer cluster auxiliary refers to that by three-dimensional live Model Reconstruction workload partition be several tiles, and in local area network
It is interior to form cluster using multiple stage computers, plural tile is handled in synchronization, to dramatically speed up modeling efficiency.
The Aerial Images group that can be deleted during above-mentioned destination is sparse include: image is fuzzy, image is meaningless, image repeats,
Discrimination is lower between image, image is located at proposed mould edges of regions, image exceeds modeling region, in image overlay chart upper zone
Redundancy.
Singulation is according to urban geographic information basic data or other plane geometry information, by geometry model in step (3)
Interior building model is enclosed to separate with environmental model；Model texture compression is specially to convert texture picture file format, compressed picture
One or both of resolution ratio；Environmental model flattening is specially to replace complicated three with areal model or simple geometry model
Tie up wire side model.
Detailed process is as follows for step (4):
It is numbered using the building in urban geographic information basic data, building concentration model and groups of building earthquake motive force is anti-
It is corresponding to answer course data result, and reads the building storey data in urban geographic information basic data, with dynamic response course
Building floor unit is corresponding in data；
Then, model full-height range will be extended to by the course data of unit of floor using the method for linear interpolation；
Finally, a rendering frame in course data in the corresponding visualization of each time step, each frame all utilize correspondence
Course data more new building 3-D graphic, continuous updating form architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual effect.
The advantageous effects of the above technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:
In above scheme, groups of building threedimensional model, the displacement course meter analyzed in conjunction with non-linear course can be utilized
It calculates as a result, truly showing response condition of the groups of building under geological process, high-efficient and strong sense of reality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method flow of the invention based on oblique photograph data
Figure；
Fig. 2 is a urban geographic information basic data example of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the urban geographic information basic data attribute list example of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is course displacement data file structure of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is a sparse scheme of destination of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is a local city exemplary scene of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the building concentration flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is an automatic cutting singulation schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is a manual cutting singulation example of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is a three-dimensional live model texture image example of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is that an environmental model flattening of the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated；
Figure 12 is an earthquake response dynamic and visual flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 13 be the present invention using course data be building seismic deformation linear interpolation method；
Figure 14 is a building earthquake response dynamic and visual example of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a), (b),
(c), (d) is respectively visual presentation of the earthquake response dynamic and visual example when the time is 7 " 00,7 " 05,7 " 10 and 7 " 13
Effect (50 times of displacement equations)；
Figure 15 is an architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual example of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and tool
Body embodiment is described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method based on oblique photograph data.
As shown in Figure 1, the method comprising the steps of are as follows:
(1) data preparation: data include urban geographic information basic data, groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data with
And oblique photograph is taken photo by plane picture；
(2) three-dimensional live model modeling: three-dimensional live model is established using oblique photograph picture of taking photo by plane, and is optionally taken
A variety of optimization methods；
(3) model singulation and post-processing: singulation is carried out to three-dimensional live model, and then carries out texture compression and carries out
Environmental model flattening；
(4) three-dimensional live model and urban geographic information base groups of building earthquake response sense of reality dynamic and visual: are used
Plinth data, groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data realize groups of building earthquake response sense of reality dynamic and visual.
Detailed process is as follows:
(1) data preparation
In the present invention, data preparation includes urban geographic information basic data, groups of building Dynamic response to earthquake course number
According to and oblique photograph take photo by plane picture.
For urban geographic information basic data, the data for being included should include constructure ground outline polygon, building
Number (ID), building storey height, building storey, builds the age, occupied area, uses function etc. at structure type.It is understood that
It is that these data can be obtained by investigating on the spot, from the purchase of mapping mechanism or the acquisition of the relevant channels such as network navigation map；
For building earthquake swarm dynamic response course data, the present invention needs for the ease of realizing earthquake visualization to build
Build the course data that floor is basic unit.For using components such as building girder, columns as the course data of basic unit or other classes
The course data of type need to be formatted processing for using architecture storey as the course data of unit.For every in course data
The calculated result of one solitary building is corresponding according to carrying out with the building number in urban geographic information basic data.For
The further feature of the course data, will illustrate in a specific embodiment；
It takes photo by plane picture for oblique photograph, ground resolution should produce the requirement at figure according to different example rulers, in conjunction with taking the photograph
The orographic condition in shadow zone domain, mapping contour interval, boat take the photograph base-height ratio and image purposes etc., determine the ground resolution requirement of picture.
The ground resolution of ordinary circumstance, picture of taking photo by plane can need to select between 5cm~20cm according to opportunity.In addition to this, continuously
Lap between image should be more than 60%, and segmentation of the same atural object between different shooting points should be less than 15 °, be desirably to obtain
The three-dimensional live model of better quality.It takes photo by plane the further feature of picture for the oblique photograph, it will in a specific embodiment
Explanation.
(2) three-dimensional live model modeling
In the present invention, the three-dimensional live model taken photo by plane in region is established using oblique photograph picture of taking photo by plane.In the present invention,
In order to accelerate three-dimensional live model modeling efficiency, a variety of optimization methods are used, including destination is sparse, adjustment level of detail and meter
Calculation machine cluster auxiliary.
It is sparse for destination, refer in the case where taking into account model quality, Aerial Images Duplication, is navigated by deleting part
Image group is clapped to obtain faster three-dimensional live model modeling speed.Generally, it once takes photo by plane sortie figure obtained of taking photo by plane
It is partial to as Duplication and guards, therefore part Aerial Images group can be deleted.Specifically, in the present invention, can optionally delete with
Under a few class Aerial Images groups: it is blurred image or meaningless；Discrimination is lower between duplicate or image；Positioned at proposed mould area
It is domain edge or beyond modeling region；Redundancy in image overlay chart upper zone；
For adjusting level of detail, refer to the location of in display environment and important according to the node of object model
Degree determines the resource allocation of object rendering, the face number and degrees of detail of insignificant object is reduced, to improve scene rendering efficiency；
Computer cluster is assisted, three-dimensional live Model Reconstruction workload partition is several tiles by the present invention
(Tile), cluster and in local area network is formed using multiple stage computers, plural tile is handled in synchronization, thus aobvious
It writes and accelerates modeling efficiency.
(3) model singulation and post-processing
In the present invention, using the constructure ground outline data in urban geographic information basic data as cutter, cutting
Each solitary building model in three-dimensional live model out, and be title with the building number in urban geographic information basic data
It stores respectively, so as to corresponding with building earthquake swarm dynamic response course data.Since in modeling process, there may be skies in model
The flaws such as hole, wrong face.For this part, there are the models of flaw, and it is still necessary to cutting singulation is assisted by manual intervention.
In the present invention, efficiency is visualized in order to improve earthquake, also three-dimensional live model is accordingly post-processed, including
Model texture compression and environmental model flattening.For model texture compression, refer to the model line that will be generated in modeling process
Reason image format transformation simultaneously compresses its resolution ratio, reduces memory consumption when load texture image；For environmental model flattening,
Refer to and replaces the part in three-dimensional live model in addition to building model with the simple flat surface model with simple textures.
(4) groups of building earthquake response sense of reality dynamic and visual
In the present invention, using building number one in urban geographic information basic data, by building concentration model with
Specific calculated result in groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data is corresponding, and reads in urban geographic information basic data
Building storey data, it is corresponding with building floor unit in dynamic response course data.Later, the method for linear interpolation is utilized
Model full-height range will be extended to by the course data of unit of floor.The corresponding visualization of each time step in course data
In a rendering frame, for each frame all using corresponding course data more new building 3-D graphic, continuous updating forms urban architecture
Earthquake response dynamic and visual effect.
It is explained combined with specific embodiments below.
In Fig. 1, the architecture ensemble earthquake disaster method for visualizing the following steps are included:
In step sl, data preparation is carried out.Data include urban geographic information basic data, groups of building earthquake motive force sound
Course data and oblique photograph are answered to take photo by plane picture.
In one embodiment of the invention, urban geographic information basic data includes the title of building, building number
(ID), bottom profile polygon is built, structure type, building storey height, building storey, age, floor area is built and uses function
Can, as shown in Figure 2.It is understood that these building data can be obtained by investigating on the spot, from the purchase of mapping mechanism or net
The relevant channels such as network navigation map obtain.These data are stored in the form of geographic information data shown in Fig. 2, and as needed
Export geographic information data attribute list, so as to earthquake visualization used in, as shown in Figure 3.
In one embodiment of the invention, it uses using architecture storey as in the groups of building power course data of basic unit
Displacement course data portion.Before carrying out earthquake visualization, need to be displaced course data according to file as shown in Figure 4
Structured formatted, the purpose of formatting is can more quickly to read for earthquake visualization procedure, handle displacement course data.
In the following, the file structure to this document is illustrated.If carrying out total n, building of earthquake calculating in region, go through
Time step quantity is m in journey analytical calculation.Then in this document, first data is building sum n in groups of building；Later
N group data are the course calculated result of n building in groups of building；If a solitary building is k layers shared, then in the solitary building pair
It include m calculated result in the data group answered, m time step in corresponding course calculated result；Include in every calculated result
K number evidence, represents the building dynamic respond that each floor generates in corresponding time step, and unit is rice (m).
It takes photo by plane picture for oblique photograph, recommends the ground resolution of each flight block datum level should be according to different scale
Boat takes the photograph into the requirement of figure, takes the photograph base-height ratio and image purposes etc. in conjunction with the orographic condition of subregion, mapping contour interval, boat, is ensuring into
Under the premise of figure precision, the ground resolution for picture of taking photo by plane can need to select between 5cm~20cm according to opportunity.According to warp
It tests, the lap between continuous image should be more than 60%, and segmentation of the same atural object between different shooting points should be less than 15 °,
Preferable modeling effect could be obtained in this way.
In step s 2, three-dimensional live model is established.
In one embodiment of the invention, existing, the general oblique photograph modeling software of use completes downtown areas three
Tie up the modeling work of outdoor scene model.In order to accelerate modeling efficiency, that present invention employs destinations is sparse, adjustment level of detail and meter
The optimization method of calculation machine cluster auxiliary.
It is sparse for destination, refer in the case where taking into account model quality, Aerial Images Duplication, is navigated by deleting part
Image group is clapped to obtain faster three-dimensional live model modeling speed.Generally, it once takes photo by plane sortie figure obtained of taking photo by plane
It is partial to as Duplication and guards, therefore part Aerial Images group can be deleted.Specifically, in the present invention, can optionally delete with
Under a few class Aerial Images groups: it is blurred image or meaningless；Discrimination is lower between duplicate or image；Positioned at proposed mould area
It is domain edge or beyond modeling region；Redundancy in image overlay chart upper zone.In one embodiment of the invention, such as
Shown in Fig. 5, in the case where taking into account Duplication and model accuracy, the Aerial Images group for area periphery of taking photo by plane is deleted, and to boat
It is original 50% that the image group for clapping central area, which vacuates,.By processing, it is 599 that 2860 original image groups, which are simplified,
It is added significantly to modeling efficiency.
For adjusting level of detail, in one embodiment of the invention, " single level details level " is used to give birth to respectively
At the three-dimensional live model of different level of detail grades.It altogether include levels of detail in the model of generation by taking scene shown in fig. 6 as an example
Totally 8 level of detail, the number of vertex and polygon facet number of each level of detail drag are counted as in table 1 secondary 14~level of detail 21
It is shown.Compared with the model of best quality, the model active balance of medium detail stratum level geometric accuracy and texture quality,
And visual effect is close with the model of best quality, but resource occupation is less compared with the latter, and more smooth visualization may be implemented
Effect.For City-scale, the present invention recommends level of detail 17-20 level.
The influence of table 1 level of detail rank opposite vertexes quantity and polygon facet quantity
Computer cluster is assisted, three-dimensional live Model Reconstruction workload partition is several tiles by the present invention
(Tile), tile is the basic unit that oblique photograph model generates, and can be assigned to different computers and be planned parallel.This
Invention forms cluster using multiple stage computers in local area network, handles in synchronization multiple tiles, to significantly add
Fast modeling efficiency.
Determine that number of computers is a critical issue in cluster.In the cluster, network bandwidth NTR, host hard drive are read
Taking rate is IO, and the data volume of single required by task outflow is D, and the data volume that calculate node is passed back is Dpassback, calculate node
Data processing rate is vprocess, transmission rate vtransport, above-mentioned variable unit is Mbps.
For common 10,000,000 and 100,000,000 broadband networks, transmission rate is all far below the reading rate of hard disk,
Therefore there is IO > NTR, then message transmission rate vtransport=NTR.Single tile processing may be defined as data outflow total time
Time Ttramsport, processing time TprocessWith turn around time TpassbackThe sum of three parts, it may be assumed that
Wherein, by DpassbackIt can be indicated with D, it may be assumed that
1.Dpassbak=λ D, λ are data compression factor
Then in cluster calculate node optimal number are as follows:
Above-mentioned calculation method facilitates the scale that technical staff determines computer cluster.For example, when using 100,000,000 network,
It is computed, general number of computers is no more than 4 and is advisable.
In one embodiment of the invention, using two high-performance computers (configuration information of computer such as 2 institute of table
Show) cluster is formed in local area network.
The configuration of 2 computer hardware of table
In step s3, singulation and other post-processings are carried out to three-dimensional live model.In the present invention, three-dimensional live mould
Type singulation is mainly automatically performed by Boolean calculation, and for minority, there are the part of flaw, it is still necessary to carry out manual intervention.For
The post-processing of three-dimensional live model, including model texture compression and environmental model flattening.It, can when carrying out earthquake visualization
It is to need to be used with or without post processing mode.
For the threedimensional model obtained by oblique photograph measurement method, due to there is no human intervention in modeling process, because
This model is actually a continuous triangle grid model.For such a whole threedimensional model, can not be directed to
Wherein a certain solitary building model is individually handled.Therefore, it is necessary to carry out singulation processing to oblique photograph measurement model.This
" singulation " described in invention refers to and isolates building model by certain method or apparatus from whole threedimensional model
Come, becomes independently of whole model.After this processing, just visual chemical industry can be carried out for single solitary building
Make.The present invention is based on the thinkings of cutting singulation, directly modification threedimensional model itself, will be built by certain method relevant more
Side shape face is physically separated with overall model, to become an individual model.To by oblique photograph measurement model
It is divided into several building single body Models and environmental model two large divisions.
In one embodiment of the invention, building concentration method proposed by the present invention is as shown in Figure 7: firstly, load
Building bottom profile polygon and oblique photograph model data in urban geographic information basic data, and complete to be aligned, it protects
Card building figure is corresponding with outline polygon；It is polygon using the building bottom profile in urban geographic information basic data
Outline polygon is vertically stretched as column by shape, and it is Chong Die with three-dimensional live model；To three-dimensional live model and bottom surface
Profile column carries out Boolean calculation, to take out the three dimensional modeled segment Chong Die with bottom profile column, which is
Required building single body Model.In one embodiment of the invention, there may be cavity, overlapping, isolated faces for threedimensional model
Equal flaws.For there are the three dimensional modeled segments of flaw, then need to manually select response building all polygons and by its
Separation；Finally, separation building is independently saved as file, rename, is called with being visualized to earthquake.Buildings model singulation
As a result as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9.
In one embodiment of the invention, when constructing oblique photograph measurement model, modeling software can automatically generate matter
High JPG format texture picture is measured, resolution ratio is up to 8192 pixel *, 8192 pixel, as shown in Figure 10.Loading this kind of line
When reason, need to expend a considerable amount of calculator memory resource.
For the excessive problem of texture, in one embodiment of the invention, TGA lattice are converted by all texture files
Formula.After compressing and converting is handled, although the TGA picture file volume generated is slightly larger compared to JPG file before, by
It is less than JPG format in TGA formatted file compression ratio, therefore after its load, occupied memory headroom is less.Shown in Figure 10
Monomer model for, before carrying out texture transformation, load the model and need to occupy 303.8MB memory；And after using conversion
Texture, EMS memory occupation drops to 125.1MB when load.When the model of required load has certain amount scale, the method will
Save considerable calculator memory resource.
In one embodiment of the invention, by environment after singulation, eliminating partial building in model
Model part is replaced with the simple flat surface model with specific textures, as shown in figure 11.The simple flat surface model and former environment mould
Type size is identical, and textures are that former environmental model top view renders image.It (bows such as head-up or less than 45 ° with nonspecific angle
Apparent time) observation when, former environmental model and the simple flat surface model with specific textures are with similar visual effect.With complexity
, vertex in the millions, the extremely more former environmental model of textures quantity compare, the simple flat surface model with specific textures only has four
A vertex and a specific textures.Therefore, visualization device load can be significantly reduced, flow earthquake effect of visualization more
Freely, natural and undistorted true feeling.
In step s 4, groups of building earthquake response sense of reality dynamic and visual is realized.The present invention is based on urban geographic informations
Basic data by singulation and optionally takes the three-dimensional live model of post-processing and groups of building earthquake dynamic response to go through
Number of passes evidence realizes the visualization of groups of building earthquake disaster.
The present invention is based on OSG (Open Source Graphic) platforms to realize that groups of building earthquake dynamic and visual is shown.This
One embodiment of invention completes the work completed required for program before each frame renders using callback mechanism (Callback), such as
Apex coordinate transformation, camera motion etc..Using this mechanism, the present invention reads the groups of building time obtained in abovementioned steps and goes through
Displacement course calculated result in journey analysis result each frame more new building threedimensional model apex coordinate, to realize
Dynamically earthquake visualization process.It is as shown in figure 12 based on the earthquake visible process figure for updating callback mechanism.
(1) the relevant necessary file of load visualization
In the present invention, Yao Shixian groups of building earthquake visualizes, it is necessary first to be loaded into various necessary files
In memory, so as to routine call, access or modification.In one embodiment of the invention, the model file of required load includes
Singulation buildings model and environmental model.Although it should be pointed out that being referred in step s3 to environmental model to have
The method that the simple flat surface models of specific textures replaces reducing visualization system load, but if earthquake Visual Scene compared with
It is small, then it can be optionally still using former environmental model, because environmental model is smaller to visualization system loading effects at this time.Except three
Outside dimension module, also need to read architecture information attribute list and groups of building earthquake motive force as derived from urban geographic information basic data
Reaction mechanism mechanism of reaction data.
(2) renovator and its initialization are created
In order to realize the operation for updating building model apex coordinate, need to create renovator (updater).In the present invention
One embodiment in, updater, which needs to inherit, updates readjustment base class (UpdateCallback), to realize to readjustment process
Control comprehensively.
Wherein, it in the establishing stage of updater, needs to build threedimensional model and environmental model is loaded into scene for wash with watercolours
Dye.In the initial phase of updater, need to be loaded into the displacement time histories data of groups of building, to be more new building top
Used in point model coordinate.
(3) renovator is executed
Program execute update readjustment during, the present invention by the displacement time histories data of groups of building each when
Spacer step is corresponding with a rendering frame in earthquake visual presentation.In the rendering frame, program is dynamically according to displacement time
The data of correspondence time step in course data update the seat on each of each solitary building model vertex in groups of building
Mark.By updating callback mechanism, the coordinate on each vertex in building model is constantly modified, model vertices position is passed through
Consecutive variations complete earthquake visualization.
In one embodiment of the invention, in urban geographic information basic data building number (ID) data be according to
According to the calculating knot that will accordingly be built in building concentration model, urban geographic information basic data and dynamic response course data
Fruit is unified.
In the present invention, the dynamic response course data using floor as unit are used.And in earthquake visualization scene
Building model, vertical coordinate is continuous.Obviously, institute in building simply can not be replaced with the displacement at every architecture storey
There is the displacement on vertex.Therefore, the present invention is based on the methods of linear interpolation, determine the displacement data on vertex at model arbitrary height.
In the following, linear interpolation method of the present invention will be explained in detail.
As shown in figure 13, the building that a pattern number (ID) is k shares n-layer, and i-th is a height of layer by layerBuilding three
The vertical coordinate of dimension module minimum point isThe vertical coordinate of highest point isThe then total height of building model
Are as follows:
WithIndicate kth building in i-th of time step (i.e. t=t0When+i × time Δt, Δ t are time-history analysis
Between step-length) when, be located in model m layer, highlyLocate the dynamic respond value on vertex,Indicate kth building at i-th
Dynamic respond value at time step jth layer, then as shown in Figure 10, thenIt may be expressed as:
In formula,The height for being vertex in layer:
In above-mentioned calculating, the attribute information in relation to building can be from such as the ID of building, the number of plies and the high data of layer
It is read in urban GIS data.When building storey height is identicalIt can simplify
Are as follows:
Twocouese is displaced, it is also contemplated that being updated to the direction model y coordinate, corresponding coordinate increment Delta yiCalculating
Principle and Δ xiIt is identical, therefore repeat no more.Building seismic response earthquake effect of visualization such as Figure 14 institute that this method is realized
Show.
(4) renovator is reset
When earthquake visual presentation reach groups of building seismic response time history calculate in maximum time step number amount when,
Renovator is reset after a period of time, repeats to show earthquake response process, until user's terminator.
By the above process, that is, the earthquake response dynamic and visual displaying of architecture ensemble is realized, as shown in figure 15.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method based on oblique photograph data, it is characterised in that: including
Steps are as follows:
(1) data preparation: data include urban geographic information basic data, groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data and incline
Oblique picture of taking photo by plane of photographing；
(2) three-dimensional live model modeling: three-dimensional live model is established using oblique photograph picture of taking photo by plane, and is optionally taken a variety of
Optimization method；
(3) model singulation and post-processing: singulation is carried out to three-dimensional live model, and then carries out texture compression and carries out environment
Model flattening；
(4) three-dimensional live model and urban geographic information basis number groups of building earthquake response sense of reality dynamic and visual: are used
According to, groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data, groups of building earthquake response sense of reality dynamic and visual is realized.
2. the architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method according to claim 1 based on oblique photograph data,
It is characterized by: urban geographic information basic data includes building number, structure type, building height, builds in the step (1)
The number of plies is built, age, floor area are built and uses function；
Groups of building earthquake dynamic response course data using architecture storey as basic unit, and in urban geographic information basic data
Building correspond；
Oblique photograph take photo by plane picture satisfaction establish model needed for ground resolution and degree of overlapping requirement.
3. the architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method according to claim 2 based on oblique photograph data,
It is characterized by: the oblique photograph is taken photo by plane, the ground resolution of picture is between 5cm~20cm, and oblique photograph is taken photo by plane picture company
Lap between continuous image is more than 60%, and segmentation of the same atural object between different shooting points is less than 15 °.
4. the architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method according to claim 1 based on oblique photograph data,
It is characterized by: optimization method includes that sparse destination, adjustment level of detail and computer cluster assist in the step (2)；
Wherein, destination is sparse, refers in the case where taking into account model quality, Aerial Images Duplication, is taken photo by plane by deleting part
Image group is to obtain faster three-dimensional live model modeling speed；
Level of detail is adjusted, the location of is referred to according to the node of object model in display environment and different degree, determines object
The resource allocation of body rendering, reduces the face number and degrees of detail of insignificant object, to improve scene rendering efficiency；
Computer cluster auxiliary refers to that by three-dimensional live Model Reconstruction workload partition be several tiles, and sharp in local area network
Cluster is formed with multiple stage computers, plural tile is handled in synchronization, to dramatically speed up modeling efficiency.
5. the architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method according to claim 4 based on oblique photograph data,
It is characterized by: the Aerial Images group that can be deleted during the destination is sparse includes:, image is fuzzy, image is meaningless, image weight
Discrimination is lower between multiple, image, image is located at proposed mould edges of regions, image exceeds modeling region, the higher area of image overlay chart
Redundancy in domain.
6. the architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method according to claim 1 based on oblique photograph data,
It is characterized by: singulation is incited somebody to action according to urban geographic information basic data or other plane geometry information in the step (3)
Building model is separated with environmental model in geometric ranges；Model texture compression is specially to convert texture picture file format, pressure
One or both of contract drawing chip resolution；Environmental model flattening is specially to be replaced again with areal model or simple geometry model
Miscellaneous three dimensional network surface model.
7. the architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual method according to claim 1 based on oblique photograph data,
It is characterized by: detailed process is as follows for the step (4):
It is numbered using the building in urban geographic information basic data, building concentration model and groups of building earthquake dynamic response is gone through
Journey data result is corresponding, and reads the building storey data in urban geographic information basic data, with dynamic response course data
Middle building floor unit is corresponding；
Then, model full-height range will be extended to by the course data of unit of floor using the method for linear interpolation；
Finally, a rendering frame in course data in the corresponding visualization of each time step, each frame all utilizes corresponding course
Data more new building 3-D graphic, continuous updating form architecture ensemble earthquake response dynamic and visual effect.
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