CN109541325B - Satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measurement system and measurement method - Google Patents
Satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measurement system and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system, comprising: the scene radiometer receiver array is used for receiving a scene microwave signal and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal and outputting an intermediate frequency signal; the calibration radiometer receiver is used for receiving the cold air external calibration signal and the equal-power internal noise source coherent signal, and calibrating through the cold air external calibration signal and the matched load so as to measure the equal-power internal noise source coherent signal in real time by using the calibrated radiometer receiver; the local oscillator phase shift network is shared by the scene radiometer receiver array and the calibration radiometer receiver, so that the local oscillator phase shift network provides the required local oscillator signals to the scene radiometer receiver array and the calibration radiometer receiver. The microwave radiation measuring system has a simple structure and is easy to realize. The method can measure the coherent signal of the equal-power internal noise source in real time, reduce the stability requirement of the coherent signal of the equal-power internal noise source, reduce the difficulty of engineering realization and improve the phase calibration precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite-borne microwave radiation measurement, in particular to a satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measurement system and a measurement method.
Background
The microwave radiometer has the characteristics of no interference of weather conditions and no need of illumination, has all-weather and all-day working capability, even can penetrate through the earth surface and vegetation with a certain depth, is valued by the general aerospace nation, and is widely applied to the fields of weather, oceans, national and local resources, environment, astronomical observation and deep space exploration.
In order to realize high spatial resolution of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer, a large-aperture antenna is needed, the increase of the aperture of the antenna brings difficulty to processing and mechanical scanning, the difficulty can be avoided by comprehensive aperture radiation detection, but the system structure is complex, and multi-band integrated detection cannot be realized. The system adopting the one-dimensional real aperture and the one-dimensional comprehensive aperture can be better compromised, so that the system is a key point and a hot spot for the research of microwave detection of the current new system.
The synthetic aperture technology is established on the basis of a multi-array element cooperation mode, compared with the traditional real aperture technology, the method needs to additionally consider the consistency among channels and antennas, mutual coupling, sampling synchronization and other factors, and greatly increases the difficulty and complexity of correction. The traditional heterodyne radiometer applied to the real aperture only needs to measure the power of a microwave signal, and does not need to consider the phase difference among multiple array elements, so that the heterodyne radiometer is not suitable for a synthetic aperture radiometer system. Meanwhile, the phase calibration of the synthetic aperture radiometer is mainly realized by coherent signals of an internal noise source with equal power, so that the stability of the noise source has larger influence on the calibration precision of the synthetic aperture system during the on-track operation. And finally, the synthetic aperture is realized by phase synthesis of each array element, so that the phase deviation among the array elements needs to be accurately compensated, and the calibration precision can be improved based on a redundancy equation of different phase differences.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric measurement system and method based on high-precision amplitude-phase calibration, which can be used for accurately measuring a scene by a cooperative calibration system, reducing the engineering difficulty for realizing the high-precision amplitude-phase calibration and solving the defects of the existing one-dimensional synthetic aperture radiometric measurement technology.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measurement system based on high-precision amplitude-phase calibration, comprising:
the scene radiometer receiver array is used for receiving a scene microwave signal and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal and outputting an intermediate frequency signal;
the calibration radiometer receiver is used for receiving the cold air external calibration signal and the equal-power internal noise source coherent signal, and calibrating through the cold air external calibration signal and the matched load so as to measure the equal-power internal noise source coherent signal in real time by using the calibrated radiometer receiver;
the local oscillator phase shift network is shared by the scene radiometer receiver array and the calibration radiometer receiver, so that the local oscillator phase shift network provides required local oscillator signals for the scene radiometer receiver and the calibration radiometer receiver.
In one embodiment, the scene radiometer receiver array is comprised of a plurality of scene radiometer receivers.
In one embodiment, the scene radiometer receiver and the calibration radiometer receiver each include a radio frequency front end and a receiver intermediate frequency.
In one embodiment, the radio frequency front end sequentially comprises a feed source loudspeaker, a matched load, a switch, an isolator, a first low noise amplifier, a temperature compensation attenuator, a frequency mixer and a second low noise amplifier;
the switch is used for switching a cold air external calibration signal, a matched load and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal in the calibration radiometer receiver;
the switch is used in the scene radiometer receiver to switch scene microwave signals, matched loads and equal-power internal noise source coherent signals.
In one embodiment, the receiver intermediate frequency includes an intermediate frequency amplifier and a first high precision phase shifter.
In one embodiment, the local oscillation phase shift network sequentially includes a local oscillation, a second high-precision phase shifter, a third low-noise amplifier, and a power divider network.
According to a second aspect, the invention further provides a measurement method using the satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system, which includes the steps:
the calibration radiometer receiver switches a cold air external calibration signal, a matched load and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal through a switch, and performs two-point calibration by using the cold air external calibration signal and the matched load, so as to calibrate the radiometer receiver and measure the equal-power internal noise source coherent signal in real time by using the calibrated radiometer receiver;
the scene radiometer receiver switches scene observation, matched load and constant-power internal noise source coherent signals through a switch, and calibrates amplitude and phase errors through the matched load and the real-time measured constant-power internal noise source coherent signals;
the phase shift is carried out through a high-precision phase shifter in a local oscillation phase shift network and a high-precision phase shifter in a scene radiometer receiver, and the phase difference between the scene radiometer receivers is compensated.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of: the phase shift is carried out through a high-precision phase shifter in a local oscillation phase shift network and a high-precision phase shifter in a scene radiometer receiver, different phase differences are constructed, and a plurality of groups of redundant phase calibration equations are obtained to improve calibration precision.
Compared with the prior art, the microwave radiation measuring system has a simple structure and is easy to realize. The channel amplitude and phase consistency deviation caused by local oscillation instability during on-orbit testing can be avoided, and the stability requirement of the local oscillation is reduced. The method can compensate the inconsistent deviation of the phase among the channels of the scene radiometer receiver, can obtain a plurality of groups of redundant phase calibration equations, and improves the calibration precision. The method can realize combined calibration of internal calibration and external calibration, measure the coherent signals of the internal noise sources of the equal power in real time, reduce the stability requirement of the coherent signals of the internal noise sources of the equal power, reduce the engineering realization difficulty and improve the phase calibration precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system, which includes: a scene radiometer receiver array 10, a calibration radiometer receiver 20 and a local oscillator phase shift network 30; the scene radiometer receiver array 10 is composed of a plurality of scene radiometer receivers 200, and is used for receiving a scene microwave signal and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal and outputting an intermediate frequency signal to the digital comprehensive processing system; the calibration radiometer receiver 20 is configured to receive a cold air external calibration signal and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal, perform calibration through the cold air external calibration signal and a matching load, and measure the equal-power internal noise source coherent signal in real time by using the calibrated radiometer receiver; the scene radiometer receiver array 10 and the calibration radiometer receivers 20 share a local oscillator phase shifting network 30, and the local oscillator phase shifting network 30 is configured to provide the required local oscillator signals to the scene radiometer receiver array 10 and the calibration radiometer receivers 20.
In view of engineering application, it is of great significance to research a satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measuring system and method based on high-precision amplitude-phase calibration, which are comprehensively and accurately realized by aiming at various different types of one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave detectors.
The microwave radiation measuring system has a simple structure and is easy to realize. The channel amplitude and phase consistency deviation caused by local oscillation instability during on-orbit testing can be avoided, and the stability requirement of the local oscillation is reduced. The method can compensate the inconsistent deviation of the phase among the channels of the scene radiometer receiver, can obtain a plurality of groups of redundant phase calibration equations, and improves the calibration precision. The method can realize combined calibration of internal calibration and external calibration, measure the coherent signals of the internal noise sources of the equal power in real time, reduce the stability requirement of the coherent signals of the internal noise sources of the equal power, reduce the engineering realization difficulty and improve the phase calibration precision.
The components of the satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system of the present invention are explained in detail below.
The scene radiometer receiver 200 and the calibration radiometer receiver 20 adopt the same design scheme, as shown in fig. 1, the scene radiometer receiver and the calibration radiometer receiver 20 are both composed of a radio frequency front end 40 and a receiver intermediate frequency 50; specifically, the radio frequency front end 40 sequentially includes a feed horn 60, a matched load 70, a switch 80, an isolator 90, a first low noise amplifier 100, a temperature compensation attenuator 110, a mixer 120, and a second low noise amplifier 130; as can be seen from fig. 1, the position sequence of the switch 80, the isolator 90, the first low noise amplifier 100, the temperature compensated attenuator 110, the mixer 120, and the second low noise amplifier 130 is designed in sequence according to the flow direction of the signal stream, that is, the signal switched by the switch 80 passes through the isolator 90, the first low noise amplifier 100, the temperature compensated attenuator 110, the mixer 120, and the second low noise amplifier 130 in sequence, finally enters the receiver intermediate frequency 50, and then the receiver intermediate frequency 50 sends out the corresponding intermediate frequency signal.
It should be noted that the switch 80 is used in the calibration radiometer receiver 20 to switch the cold air external calibration signal, the matched load, and the equal power internal noise source coherent signal; and switch 80 is used in scene radiometer receiver 200 to switch scene microwave signals, matched loads, and equal power internal noise source coherent signals, therefore, switch 80 is specifically a single pole, triple throw switch.
The receiver intermediate frequency 50 of the present invention comprises an intermediate frequency amplifier having an input coupled to an output of a second low noise amplifier 130 in the radio frequency front end 40 and a first high accuracy phase shifter having an output coupled to an input of the first high accuracy phase shifter.
The local oscillation phase shift network 30 of the present invention comprises a local oscillation 160, a third low noise amplifier 170, a second high precision phase shifter 180 and a power divider network 190; a plurality of output terminals of the power divider network 190 are respectively coupled to the mixers 120 in the scene radiometer receiver 200 and the calibration radiometer receiver 20, and when the local oscillator 160 generates a frequency signal, the frequency signal is input to the mixers 120 through the third low noise amplifier 170, the second high precision phase shifter 180 and the power divider network 190.
The invention designs a scene radiometer receiver array 10, a calibration radiometer receiver 20 and a local oscillator phase shifting network 30 based on a synthetic aperture, and the scene radiometer receiver array 10 and the calibration radiometer receiver 20 share the local oscillator phase shifting network 30, the design reduces the power consumption of the system, and simultaneously avoids the channel amplitude and phase consistency deviation caused by local oscillator instability during on-track test, thereby reducing the stability requirement of local oscillators, high-precision phase shifters are respectively added at the intermediate frequencies of the local oscillator phase shifting network and the receiver for compensating the phase inconsistency deviation among the channels of the scene radiometer receiver, and a plurality of groups of redundant phase calibration equations can be obtained, thereby improving the calibration precision.
In addition, the design of the invention comprises a plurality of scene radiometer receivers and a calibration radiometer receiver, wherein the radiometer receivers are of two different types and are used for realizing combined calibration of internal calibration and cold air external calibration. The scene radiometer receiver can realize scene observation and high-precision amplitude and phase calibration, and the calibration radiometer receiver can be used for measuring coherent signals of the constant-power internal noise sources in real time, so that the stability requirement of the coherent signals of the constant-power internal noise sources is lowered, the engineering realization difficulty is lowered, and the phase calibration precision is improved. The synthetic aperture microwave radiation measuring system has certain universality and can be widely applied to various satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture radiation measurements.
Based on the synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system, the invention also provides a satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric method, which can realize the combined calibration of inner calibration and outer calibration, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the calibration radiometer receiver 20 switches a cold air external calibration signal, a matched load and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal through a switch, and performs two-point calibration by using the cold air external calibration signal and the matched load, so as to calibrate the radiometer receiver, and accurately measure the equal-power internal noise source coherent signal in real time by using the calibrated radiometer receiver;
step two: the scene radiometer receiver 200 switches scene observation, matched load and equal-power internal noise source coherent signals through a switch, and calibrates amplitude and phase errors through the matched load and the real-time measured equal-power internal noise source coherent signals;
step three: phase shifting is carried out through the first high-precision phase shifter 150 and the second high-precision phase shifter 180, and phase differences among scene radiometer receivers are compensated;
step four: phase shifting is carried out through the first high-precision phase shifter 150 and the second high-precision phase shifter 180, different phase differences are constructed, a plurality of groups of redundant phase scaling equations are obtained, and the scaling precision is improved;
the method adopts the combined calibration of inner calibration and outer calibration, the common local oscillator design and the high-precision phase shifter, is favorable for completing the realization of high-precision amplitude-phase calibration, and has simple structure and easy realization.
According to the satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measurement method, all radiometer receivers adopt a common local oscillator design, so that the power consumption of a system is reduced, and channel amplitude and phase consistency deviation caused by local oscillator instability during on-track testing is avoided, so that the requirement on the stability of local oscillators is lowered.
According to the satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measurement method, high-precision phase shifters are respectively added to the intermediate frequencies of the local oscillator phase shift network and the receiver and used for compensating inconsistent phase deviation among channels of the scene radiometer receiver, multiple groups of redundant phase calibration equations can be obtained, and calibration precision is improved.
The satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measurement method can realize combined calibration of internal calibration and external calibration based on the scene radiometer receiver and the calibration radiometer receiver, can measure coherent signals of an internal noise source with equal power in real time, reduces the stability requirement of the coherent signals of the internal noise source with equal power, reduces the difficulty of engineering realization and improves the phase calibration precision.
The satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measurement method provided by the invention is used for realizing high-precision radiation measurement of an observation scene, overcomes the defects of the existing synthetic aperture high-precision radiation measurement system technology, has universality in the field of synthetic aperture radiometers, and adopts a unified design for all receivers of a radiation measurement system, thereby reducing the design cost, facilitating debugging and processing and improving the system reliability; and the real-time measurement of coherent signals of the internal noise source of the equivalent power is adopted, so that the difficulty in engineering realization is reduced.
Through calculation and analysis, by taking a measured system of a one-dimensional synthetic aperture radiometer with a central frequency of 7GHz, a bandwidth of 600MHz and 40 channels as an example, the radiation measurement method provided by the invention can be expected to achieve the following indexes:
and (3) calibration precision: less than or equal to 0.4K;
weight: less than or equal to 20 kg;
power consumption: less than or equal to 60W;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the receiver of the microwave radiation measurement system adopts a unified design, so that the design cost is reduced, the debugging and the processing are convenient, and the system reliability is improved;
2. by adopting a high-precision phase shifter in the intermediate frequency of the local oscillator phase shifting network and the receiver, the phase inconsistency among the array elements of the synthetic aperture radiometer can be compensated, a plurality of groups of redundant phase calibration equations can be obtained, and the calibration precision is improved;
3. the calibration radiometer receiver can be calibrated through a cold air external calibration signal and a matched load, and an equipower internal noise source coherent signal is measured in real time through an equipower internal noise source coherent signal by using the calibration receiver, so that the engineering realization difficulty is reduced, and the calibration precision is improved.
In summary, the satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measurement system and the measurement method can realize high-precision radiation measurement of an observation scene.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system, comprising:
the scene radiometer receiver array is used for receiving a scene microwave signal and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal and outputting an intermediate frequency signal;
the calibration radiometer receiver is used for receiving the cold air external calibration signal and the equal-power internal noise source coherent signal, and calibrating through the cold air external calibration signal and the matched load so as to measure the equal-power internal noise source coherent signal in real time by using the calibrated radiometer receiver;
the local oscillator phase shifting network is shared by the scene radiometer receiver array and the calibration radiometer receiver, so that the local oscillator phase shifting network provides required local oscillator signals for the scene radiometer receiver array and the calibration radiometer receiver, and phase shifting is carried out through a high-precision phase shifter in the local oscillator phase shifting network and a high-precision phase shifter in the scene radiometer receiver, and phase difference among the scene radiometer receivers is compensated.
2. The on-board one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system of claim 1, wherein the scene radiometer receiver array is comprised of a plurality of scene radiometer receivers.
3. The on-board one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system of claim 2, wherein the scene radiometer receiver and the calibration radiometer receiver each comprise a radio frequency front end and a receiver intermediate frequency.
4. The spaceborne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measuring system of claim 3 wherein the radio frequency front end comprises a feed horn, a matched load, a switch, an isolator, a first low noise amplifier, a temperature compensated attenuator, a mixer and a second low noise amplifier in sequence;
the switch is used for switching a cold air external calibration signal, a matched load and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal in the calibration radiometer receiver;
the switch is used in the scene radiometer receiver to switch scene microwave signals, matched loads and equal-power internal noise source coherent signals.
5. The on-board one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system of claim 3, wherein the receiver intermediate frequency comprises an intermediate frequency amplifier and a first high precision phase shifter.
6. The spaceborne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system of claim 1, wherein the local oscillator phase shifting network comprises, in order, a local oscillator, a second high precision phase shifter, a third low noise amplifier, and a power divider network.
7. A measurement method using the satellite borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometric system according to any of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of:
the calibration radiometer receiver switches a cold air external calibration signal, a matched load and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal through a switch, and performs two-point calibration by using the cold air external calibration signal and the matched load, so as to calibrate the radiometer receiver and measure the equal-power internal noise source coherent signal in real time by using the calibrated radiometer receiver;
the method comprises the following steps that a scene radiometer receiver switches a scene microwave signal, a matched load and an equal-power internal noise source coherent signal through a switch, and the amplitude and phase errors are calibrated through the matched load and the real-time measured equal-power internal noise source coherent signal;
the phase shift is carried out through a high-precision phase shifter in a local oscillation phase shift network and a high-precision phase shifter in a scene radiometer receiver, and the phase difference between the scene radiometer receivers is compensated.
8. The measurement method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of: the phase shift is carried out through a high-precision phase shifter in a local oscillation phase shift network and a high-precision phase shifter in a scene radiometer receiver, different phase differences are constructed, and a plurality of groups of redundant phase calibration equations are obtained to improve calibration precision.
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| CN110119001B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2024-04-30 | 上海清江实业有限公司 | Foundation microwave radiometer system and calibration method thereof |
| CN110470602A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-19 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Spaceborne Terahertz multi-angle ice cloud imager |
| CN110518923B (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-06-08 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Radiation receiver |
| CN111371470B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-10-29 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Calibration noise source distribution network device |
| CN112114284B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2024-05-14 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | On-orbit receiver gain internal calibration method and system for satellite-borne microwave radiometer |
| CN113218510B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-05-27 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Feed source mouth surface external calibration device of satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture radiometer |
| CN114441863B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-09-13 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | On-orbit radio frequency interference processing method for satellite-borne synthetic aperture microwave radiometer |
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