CN108828327A - Spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system and method - Google Patents

Spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108828327A
CN108828327A CN201810386078.XA CN201810386078A CN108828327A CN 108828327 A CN108828327 A CN 108828327A CN 201810386078 A CN201810386078 A CN 201810386078A CN 108828327 A CN108828327 A CN 108828327A
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calibration
microwave radiometer
noise source
source network
radiometer
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CN108828327B (en
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陈雄
赵锋
姚崇斌
徐红新
李恩晨
刘甡
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Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Communication Equipment Research Institute
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Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Communication Equipment Research Institute
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/0807Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
    • G01R29/0814Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
    • G01R29/0857Dosimetry, i.e. measuring the time integral of radiation intensity; Level warning devices for personal safety use
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • G01R35/005Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system and method, scaling system structure of the invention is simple, is easily achieved.Pass through external calibration source network real-time calibration scaling radiometer, the output of scaling radiometer receiver real-time testing noise source network, can in real time effectively and the accurately output of test noise source network, it can reduce to noise source stability and each passage consistency requirement of power division network, reduce difficulty in engineering realization.Using distribution calibration mode, all kinds of errors of successive elimination are conducive to gradually assess all kinds of error correction effects, to adjust hardware scheme, while targetedly convenient for debugging test.

Description

Spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system and methods.
Background technique
The characteristics of microwave radiometer is interfered with not climate condition, is not necessarily to illumination, has round-the-clock, round-the-clock work Ability, or even earth's surface and the vegetation of certain depth can be penetrated, the attention of spacefaring nation is received, meteorological, sea is widely used in Ocean, land resources, environment, astronomical observation and deep-space detection field.
To realize satellite-borne microwave radiometer high spatial resolution, large aperture antenna is needed, the increase of antenna aperture is to processing Difficulty is brought with mechanical scanning, aperture synthesis radiation detection can be to avoid this difficulty, but system structure is complicated, and cannot achieve Multiband integrally detects.And the system for using one-dimensional real aperture to mix with one-dimensional aperture synthesis can preferably compromise, therefore be The research emphasis and hot spot of current New System microwave sounding.
Aperture synthesis technology is built upon on the basis of more array element collaboration modes, compared with traditional real aperture technique, is needed Additionally to consider many factors such as consistency and mutual coupling, the sample-synchronous between channel, antenna, significantly increase in its correction Difficulty and complexity.The non-ideal characteristic of synthetic aperture microwave radiometer system hardware can also introduce systematic error, cause defeated Bright temperature image quality declines out, and image is made to generate serious distortion, even completely lose image outline feature.Aperture synthesis is fixed at present It marks thinking and teaches rich in 1996 referring especially to the Camps of Spain Polytechnic University of Catalonia Scholar's paper, it is different according to the source that system hardware constitutes imperfection, systematic error has been divided into antenna error, receiver leads to Three road error, lubber line error major class, are corrected respectively for the imperfection of each section hardware, for it is actual application with It is and too complicated for error correction, it is difficult to correct all systematic errors.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system and sides Method can correct due to array structure and hardware non-ideal characteristic bring systematic error comprehensively, step by step, solve existing correction skill The deficiency of art.
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer calibration system System, including:
Coherent noise source network, for connecting tested radiometer system, and constant power exports stable coherent noise signal To the tested radiometer system;
Calibration microwave radiometer receiver network, for connecting the coherent noise source network, and phase described in real-time measurement Dry noise signal;
Noncoherent noise source network for connecting tested radiometer system, and exports stable noncoherent noise signal extremely The tested radiometer system;
Internal calibration switch, for connecting the coherent noise source network and noncoherent noise source network, and switches the phase Dry noise signal and the input of noncoherent noise signal.
Further, in above system, the tested radiometer system is one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer system, The tested radiometer system is made of microwave radiometer receiver linear array.
Further, in above system, the coherent noise source network includes that noise source, function divide phase-shift network, described Function divides phase-shift network to connect the noise source.
Further, in above system, the function divides phase-shift network to include power-devided circuit and phase-shift circuit.
Further, in above system, the calibration microwave radiometer receiver network includes:
External calibration source network, external calibration switch and the calibration microwave radiometer receiver, wherein the external calibration switch The external calibration source network and the coherent noise source network are connected, the calibration microwave radiometer receiver connection is described outer fixed Mark switch.
Further, in above system, the external calibration source network includes:Cold sky source, hot calibration load.
Further, in above system, the external calibration switch is single-pole three-throw switch.
Further, in above system, the noncoherent noise source network is by several relatively independent matched loads It constitutes.
Further, in above system, the internal calibration switch is single-pole three-throw switch.
Another side according to the present invention provides a kind of spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer calibrating method, Using above system, the method includes:
Step 1:Coherent noise source network switchs input coherent noise signal to tested Synthetic Aperture Microwave by internal calibration Radiometer system, to correct aperture synthesis system the multiplying property phase error factor;
Step 2:It is fixed that external calibration source network in calibration microwave radiometer receiver network is accessed by external calibration switch 80 It marks in microwave radiometer receiver, to be demarcated to calibration microwave radiometer receiver;
Step 3:Calibration microwave radiometer receiver by external calibration switch access coherent noise source network to noise source into Row test, to correct aperture synthesis system the multiplying property range error factor.
Step 4:Noncoherent noise source network is input in tested microwave radiation meter systems by internal calibration switch, to Correct the additive errors factor.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, the multiplying property error factor includes the multiplying property range error factor and multiplying property phase Error factor.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, the calibration microwave radiometer receiver passes through described in external calibration switch access Coherent noise source network is exported to coherent noise source network described in real-time testing, including:
Using the calibration microwave radiometer receiver real-time measurement coherent noise source network.
Compared with prior art, scaling system structure of the invention is simple, is easily achieved.It is real-time by external calibration source network Scaling radiometer is demarcated, the output of scaling radiometer receiver real-time testing noise source network effectively can be surveyed accurately in real time The output for trying noise source network can reduce to noise source stability and each passage consistency requirement of power division network, reduce work Cheng Shixian difficulty.Using distribution calibration mode, all kinds of errors of successive elimination are conducive to gradually assess all kinds of error correction effects, To targetedly adjust hardware scheme, while convenient for debugging test.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structure of the spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system of one embodiment of the invention Figure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system, packet It includes:
Coherent noise source network 10, for connecting tested radiometer system 50, and constant power exports stable coherent noise Signal is to the tested radiometer system 50;
Calibration microwave radiometer receiver network 20, for connecting the coherent noise source network 30, and real-time measurement institute State coherent noise signal;
Noncoherent noise source network 30 for connecting tested radiometer system 50, and exports stable noncoherent noise letter Number to the tested radiometer system 50;
Internal calibration switch 40 for connecting the coherent noise source network 10 and noncoherent noise source network 30, and switches The coherent noise signal and the input of noncoherent noise signal.
Here, it is directed to various types of one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer error, from application of engineering project, It studies comprehensive and accurate error correcting system and method is of great significance.
Scaling system structure of the invention is simple, is easily achieved.By external calibration source network real-time calibration scaling radiometer, The output of scaling radiometer receiver real-time testing noise source network, can be effective and accurately test noise source network in real time defeated Out, it can reduce to noise source stability and each passage consistency requirement of power division network, reduce difficulty in engineering realization.
In one-dimensional one embodiment of Synthetic Aperture Microwave Calibration of Microwave Radiometer system of spaceborne multiple step format of the invention, the quilt Pyranometer system is one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer system, and the tested radiometer system is by microwave radiometer receiver Linear array is constituted.
As shown in Figure 1, spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional Synthetic Aperture Microwave Calibration of Microwave Radiometer system unified implementation of the invention In example, the coherent noise source network 10 divides phase-shift network including noise source 100, function, and the function divides described in phase-shift network connection Noise source 100.
In one-dimensional one embodiment of Synthetic Aperture Microwave Calibration of Microwave Radiometer system of spaceborne multiple step format of the invention, the function Dividing phase-shift network includes power-devided circuit and phase-shift circuit.
As shown in Figure 1, spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional Synthetic Aperture Microwave Calibration of Microwave Radiometer system unified implementation of the invention In example, the calibration microwave radiometer receiver network 20 includes:
External calibration source network 70, external calibration switch 80 and calibration microwave radiometer receiver 90, wherein the external calibration is opened It closes 80 and connects the external calibration source network 70 and the coherent noise source network 10, the calibration microwave radiometer receiver 90 connects Connect the external calibration switch 80.
It is described outer in one-dimensional one embodiment of Synthetic Aperture Microwave Calibration of Microwave Radiometer system of spaceborne multiple step format of the invention Calibrating source network includes:Cold sky source, hot calibration load.
It is described outer in one-dimensional one embodiment of Synthetic Aperture Microwave Calibration of Microwave Radiometer system of spaceborne multiple step format of the invention Calibration switch is single-pole three-throw switch.
As shown in Figure 1, spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional Synthetic Aperture Microwave Calibration of Microwave Radiometer system unified implementation of the invention In example, the noncoherent noise source network 30 is made of several relatively independent matched loads 60.
It is described interior in one-dimensional one embodiment of Synthetic Aperture Microwave Calibration of Microwave Radiometer system of spaceborne multiple step format of the invention Calibration switch is single-pole three-throw switch.
As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention also provides another spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer calibration sides Method is calibrated using distribution, including:
Step 1:Coherent noise source network 10 inputs coherent noise signal to tested aperture synthesis by internal calibration switch 40 Microwave radiation meter systems 50, to correct aperture synthesis system the multiplying property phase error factor;
Step 2:External calibration source network 70 in calibration microwave radiometer receiver network 20 is connect by external calibration switch 80 Enter in calibration microwave radiometer receiver 90, to be demarcated to calibration microwave radiometer receiver 90;
Step 3:Calibration microwave radiometer receiver 90 accesses coherent noise source network 10 to making an uproar by external calibration switch 80 Sound source 100 is tested, to correct aperture synthesis system the multiplying property range error factor.
Step 4:Noncoherent noise source network 30 is input to tested microwave radiation meter systems 50 by internal calibration switch 40 In, to correct the additive errors factor, wherein noncoherent noise source network 30 includes multiple matched loads 60.
Here, using distribution calibration mode, all kinds of errors of successive elimination are conducive to gradually assess all kinds of error correction effects Fruit, to adjust hardware scheme, while targetedly convenient for debugging test.
In spaceborne one embodiment of multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer calibrating method of the invention, it is described be tested it is comprehensive The error for closing aperture radiation meter systems is divided into multiplying property error factor and the additive errors factor, wherein the multiplying property error factor packet Include the multiplying property range error factor and the multiplying property phase error factor.
In spaceborne one embodiment of multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer calibrating method of the invention, the calibration is micro- Wave radiation meter receiver accesses the coherent noise source network by external calibration switch, to coherent noise source described in real-time testing Network output, including:
Using the calibration microwave radiometer receiver real-time measurement coherent noise source network.
Spaceborne one-dimensional multiple step format synthetic aperture radiometer system calibration device and calibrating method provided by the invention, to complete Face, substep correction solve the deficiency of existing alignment technique due to array structure and hardware non-ideal characteristic bring systematic error, There is versatility in synthetic aperture radiometer field, scaling system is made of multiple functional modules, mutually indepedent, definite functions; Mutually indepedent with system under test (SUT), all kinds of errors are demarcated in distribution, are not interfere with each other, convenient for debugging test, easy maintenance, install convenient; By that can reduce to noise source stability and each passage consistency requirement of power division network to noise source progress the real time measure, Reduce difficulty in engineering realization.
It is analyzed by calculating, provided scaling system and method, are 7GHz, bandwidth with centre frequency through the invention 600MHz, with 100 channels one-dimensional synthetic aperture radiometer system under test (SUT) for, it is contemplated that following index can be reached:
Calibration precision:≤0.5K;
Weight:≤10kg;
Power consumption:≤10W;
Compared with prior art, the present invention its advantages and beneficial effects is:
1. the scaling system is by multiple module compositions, definite functions and mutual cooperation between modules, modules Independently of each other, convenient for debugging test.
2, scaling system and tested synthetic aperture radiometer system are mutually indepedent, easy maintenance, install convenient.
3, by external calibration source network real-time calibration scaling radiometer, scaling radiometer real-time testing noise source network is defeated Out, can effectively and the accurately output of test noise source network, can reduce each to noise source stability and power division network Passage consistency requirement, reduces difficulty in engineering realization.
4, using distribution calibrating method, different types of systematic error is corrected, is conducive to assess calibration result, have when necessary Targetedly the Hardware Design scheme is adjusted.
In conclusion can effectively correct aperture synthesis system since hardware is non-the present invention is based on distributed calibrating method Systematic error caused by desirability and array cooperate.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.
Professional further appreciates that, unit described in conjunction with the examples disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure And algorithm steps, can be realized with electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two, in order to clearly demonstrate hardware and The interchangeability of software generally describes each exemplary composition and step according to function in the above description.These Function is implemented in hardware or software actually, the specific application and design constraint depending on technical solution.Profession Technical staff can use different methods to achieve the described function each specific application, but this realization is not answered Think beyond the scope of this invention.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various modification and variations without departing from spirit of the invention to invention And range.If in this way, these modifications and changes of the present invention belong to the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies range it Interior, then the invention is also intended to include including these modification and variations.

Claims (12)

1. a kind of spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system, which is characterized in that including:
Coherent noise source network, for connecting tested radiometer system, and constant power exports stable coherent noise signal to institute State tested radiometer system;
Calibration microwave radiometer receiver network for connecting the coherent noise source network, and is concerned with described in real-time measurement and makes an uproar Acoustical signal;
Noncoherent noise source network for connecting tested radiometer system, and exports stable noncoherent noise signal to described Tested radiometer system;
Internal calibration switch for connecting the coherent noise source network and noncoherent noise source network, and switches described relevant make an uproar Acoustical signal and the input of noncoherent noise signal.
2. spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute Stating tested radiometer system is one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer system, and the tested radiometer system is connect by microwave radiometer Receipts machine linear array is constituted.
3. spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute Stating coherent noise source network includes that noise source, function divide phase-shift network, and the function divides phase-shift network to connect the noise source.
4. spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that institute Stating function divides phase-shift network to include power-devided circuit and phase-shift circuit.
5. spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute Stating calibration microwave radiometer receiver network includes:
External calibration source network, external calibration switch and calibration microwave radiometer receiver, wherein described in the external calibration switch connection External calibration source network and the coherent noise source network, the calibration microwave radiometer receiver connect the external calibration switch.
6. spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that institute Stating external calibration source network includes:Cold sky source, hot calibration load.
7. spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that institute Stating external calibration switch is single-pole three-throw switch.
8. spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute Noncoherent noise source network is stated to be made of several relatively independent matched loads.
9. spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer scaling system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute Stating internal calibration switch is single-pole three-throw switch.
10. a kind of spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer calibrating method, which is characterized in that using such as claim 1~9 described in any item systems, the method includes:
Step 1:Coherent noise source network switchs input coherent noise signal to tested Synthetic Aperture Microwave by internal calibration and radiates Meter systems, to correct aperture synthesis system the multiplying property phase error factor;
Step 2:External calibration source network in calibration microwave radiometer receiver network is micro- by the access calibration of external calibration switch 80 In wave radiation meter receiver, to be demarcated to calibration microwave radiometer receiver;
Step 3:Calibration microwave radiometer receiver switchs access coherent noise source network by external calibration and surveys to noise source Examination, to correct aperture synthesis system the multiplying property range error factor.
Step 4:Noncoherent noise source network is input in tested microwave radiation meter systems by internal calibration switch, to correct The additive errors factor.
11. spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer calibrating method as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that The multiplying property error factor includes the multiplying property range error factor and the multiplying property phase error factor.
12. spaceborne multiple step format one-dimensional synthesis aperture microwave radiometer calibrating method as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that The calibration microwave radiometer receiver accesses the coherent noise source network by external calibration switch, to described in real-time testing The output of coherent noise source network, including:
Using the calibration microwave radiometer receiver real-time measurement coherent noise source network.
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CN109828249A (en) * 2019-02-22 2019-05-31 北京遥感设备研究所 A kind of calibrating method for synthetic aperture radiometer array
CN110196401A (en) * 2019-05-27 2019-09-03 西安空间无线电技术研究所 A kind of scaling system and method for aperture synthesis phased array microwave radiometer

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CN109541325A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-03-29 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 The spaceborne one-dimensional Synthetic Aperture Microwave radioactivity detection, identificationm, and computation of one kind and measurement method
CN109541325B (en) * 2018-11-27 2021-05-11 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 Satellite-borne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiation measurement system and measurement method
CN109828249A (en) * 2019-02-22 2019-05-31 北京遥感设备研究所 A kind of calibrating method for synthetic aperture radiometer array
CN110196401A (en) * 2019-05-27 2019-09-03 西安空间无线电技术研究所 A kind of scaling system and method for aperture synthesis phased array microwave radiometer
CN110196401B (en) * 2019-05-27 2021-06-11 西安空间无线电技术研究所 Calibration system and method for synthetic aperture phased array microwave radiometer

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