CN109540760B - Method for testing permeability of polyurea coating material - Google Patents
Method for testing permeability of polyurea coating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109540760B CN109540760B CN201811325011.1A CN201811325011A CN109540760B CN 109540760 B CN109540760 B CN 109540760B CN 201811325011 A CN201811325011 A CN 201811325011A CN 109540760 B CN109540760 B CN 109540760B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 337
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003847 radiation curing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material, which can be used for testing the permeability of the material by combining the characteristics and application environment of the polyurea coating material and through a polyurea coating material permeability testing device consisting of a water inlet system, a test piece, a temperature control system, a water outlet system and a base. The method specifically comprises three parts, namely: simulating the conditions that the temperature is normal temperature, water is not filled in the tunnel and high-pressure water is outside the tunnel after the polyurea coating material is coated and maintained, and testing the water pressure bearing capacity of the polyurea coating material; a second part: adjusting the temperature by using a temperature control box; and a third part: after the polyurea coating material is smeared and maintained, water is filled in the tunnel at normal temperature, high-pressure water is arranged outside the tunnel, and the water pressure in the tunnel is higher than that outside the tunnel. The method has the characteristics of simple scheme, simple and convenient operation, reliable experimental result data and the like, and has important significance for tunnel waterproof engineering using the polyurea material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of performance test of impermeable coating materials, in particular to a method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material.
Background
The yellow tunnel is a double-line large-scale high-pressure water delivery tunnel constructed by a shield method, a novel prestress composite double-layer lining structure is adopted, and an inner lining and an outer lining are separated by a drainage cushion layer and respectively work independently; the outer lining is of an assembled reinforced concrete segment structure, and the inner lining is of a cast-in-place prestressed concrete structure. The anchor groove of the yellow tunnel penetrating is positioned on the side wall of the tunnel, concrete is poured on the surface of the anchor groove, an annular construction joint is formed between newly poured concrete and original concrete, and partial construction joint surfaces are subjected to sheet-shaped and point-shaped water seepage due to the shrinkage difference of the new concrete and the old concrete. In order to ensure the long-term safe operation of the yellow penetrating project, chemical grouting seepage-proofing reinforcement treatment needs to be carried out on construction joints. In order to further enhance the water-stopping and seepage-proofing effects, the polyurea coating material surface is required to be coated and sealed after the construction joints are subjected to chemical grouting treatment. Because the yellow tunnel has the characteristics of low temperature and moist environment, in order to ensure the construction quality and the anti-seepage effect of the polyurea coating material, the permeability test of the polyurea coating material is necessary to be carried out before construction.
The polyurea elastomer coating technology is a novel solvent-free pollution-free green construction technology which is researched and developed to meet the requirement of environmental protection after the low (pollution-free) coating technology of high-solid paint, water-based paint, radiation curing paint, powder paint and the like for nearly 10 years abroad. The polyurea elastomer coating technology integrates multiple functions of plastics, rubber, paint and glass fiber reinforced plastics, comprehensively breaks through the limitation of the traditional environment-friendly coating technology, and is very suitable to be used as a crack repairing coating material of concrete. The engineering field experiment process flow is as follows: base layer concrete surface treatment → polyurea coating concrete surface protection material system base layer material preparation and coating → polyurea coating concrete surface protection material system base layer material cleaning → polyurea coating concrete surface protection material system surface layer material preparation and coating → natural maintenance. As an important evaluation standard of engineering quality, the durability problem of waterproof requirements is more prominent, the environment of material application is complex, the service life of engineering basically requires 50 years and generally requires 100 years, but the waterproof reliability and durability have no perfect and scientific detection method and standard, and once the waterproof performance of underground engineering has quality problems, the underground engineering is difficult to repair, so that the engineering field urgently needs related detection methods and standards meeting the actual situation.
The polyurea coating material is in a low-temperature and humid environment in the water delivery tunnel for a long time, and under the combined action of frequent impact of water delivery water flow in the tunnel and seepage of groundwater outside the tunnel, the polyurea coating material can generate unpredictable influence on the long-term service performance of the waterproof material. The existing detection methods for the performances of various waterproof materials are single detection, such as the strength, deformation, static low-temperature performance and the like of the materials, and the comprehensive influence of simultaneous occurrence and interaction of various factors in field construction and use environments is not considered, so that the real waterproof performance of the polyurea coating material in practical application cannot be reflected.
Chinese patent CN206330871U discloses a waterproof instrument for detecting waterproof material, which comprises a base, the upper surface of base is equipped with operation panel, stand, sprays platform and water pressure test tank respectively, and the lower surface of base is equipped with the wheel carrier, and the side surface of wheel carrier is equipped with the service brake, and the lower surface of wheel carrier is equipped with the universal wheel, be equipped with the controller in the inside cavity of operation panel. This a waterproof appearance for detecting waterproof material, the compound mode that has used platform and water pressure test tank sprays, can satisfy most user demands, very high universality has, be equipped with universal wheel and service brake, can conveniently remove and fix, the inside upper surface of the high water pressure test tank of flexibility is equipped with pressure sensor, can conveniently carry out the detection of waterproof performance under the different water pressures to waterproof material, the inside upper surface that sprays platform and water pressure test tank simultaneously all is equipped with water sensor, it is more accurate convenient when detecting waterproof performance, work efficiency is greatly improved. But this waterproof material permeability testing arrangement can't provide high temperature or low temperature experimental environment for the test piece of test also does not have the construction joint when practical application, can not simulate the service environment of polyurea coating material in the tunnel, and can't carry out two-way water pressure resistance to the polyurea material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) simulating a site standard construction process to treat the surface of a concrete test piece, coating a polyurea coating on one side of the test piece, and maintaining;
(2) the test method comprises the following steps of sealing and fixing a test piece after maintenance in a temperature control box, controlling the temperature control box by a temperature control system to be used for adjusting the temperature of the test piece, and respectively connecting the two ends of the test piece with a water inlet system and a water outlet system to carry out permeability test, wherein the test method comprises the following three parts:
a first part: simulating the conditions that water is not filled in the tunnel and high-pressure water is outside the tunnel at normal temperature; high-pressure water generated by pressurization of a water inlet pressurization device of the water inlet system reaches the position of a test piece through a pipeline, and the polyurea coating material is subjected to gradient pressurization, the numerical values of a pressure gauge, a water inlet flow meter and a water outlet flow meter on the pipeline and the water amount in a corresponding measuring cylinder are observed, and the water pressure bearing capacity and seepage capacity of the polyurea coating material are tested;
a second part: adjusting the temperature of the test piece by using a temperature control box, and testing the water pressure bearing capacity and seepage quantity of the polyurea coating material at high temperature or low temperature;
and a third part: simulating the conditions that water is filled in the tunnel, high-pressure water is outside the tunnel, and the pressure of the water in the tunnel is higher than that outside the tunnel; one side of the test piece is filled with water by using a water inlet measuring cylinder of a water inlet system, and the other side of the test piece is pressurized by using a water outlet pressurizing device to generate high-pressure water which reaches the position of the polyurea coating material through a pipeline, so that the pressure is increased in a gradient manner, the numerical value of a flow meter and the water amount in the corresponding measuring cylinder are observed, and the capacity and seepage rate of the polyurea coating material for bearing water pressure are tested.
Preferably, the water inlet system comprises a water inlet pipeline and a water inlet tank, wherein one end of the water inlet pipeline is arranged in the water inlet tank, and the other end of the water inlet pipeline is connected with one side of the test piece through a right panel; a water inlet valve, a water inlet pressurizing device and a water inlet pressure gauge are arranged on the water inlet pipeline close to the water inlet tank and used for simulating the water pressure outside the tunnel; a water inlet flow meter, a water inlet measuring cylinder and a water inlet measuring cylinder valve are also connected to a water inlet pipeline between the water inlet pressurizing device of the testing device and the right panel; the temperature control system consists of a temperature control box, a temperature measuring meter, a lead and a temperature sensor and is used for adjusting the temperature of the test piece; the temperature sensor is connected to a temperature meter by a wire; the test piece is a concrete test piece, and the other side of the test piece is coated with a polyurea coating material; the test piece is hermetically wrapped in the temperature control box through the left panel and the right panel; the water outlet system comprises a water outlet pipeline and a water outlet tank, one end of the water outlet pipeline is arranged in the water outlet tank, the other end of the water outlet pipeline is connected with the left side of the test piece through a left panel, and a water outlet valve, a water outlet pressurizing device and a water outlet pressure gauge are arranged at the position, close to the water outlet tank, of the water outlet pipeline and used for simulating water pressure in the tunnel; the water outlet pipeline between the water outlet pressurizing device and the left panel is also connected with a water outlet flowmeter, a water outlet measuring cylinder and a water outlet measuring cylinder valve; and high-pressure water generated by pressurization of the pressurization device reaches the position of the test piece through the pipelines in the two side panels.
Preferably, the test piece is a cylindrical test piece formed by combining an upper concrete piece and a lower concrete piece, and the outer wall of the test piece is tightly attached to a layer of temperature sensor, so that the detected temperature data can be conveniently transmitted to the temperature measuring meter in real time; and a crack is also arranged between the two pieces of concrete, and the specific width of the crack can be set manually.
Preferably, a rubber gasket is further arranged between the temperature control box and the test piece, and the length of the rubber gasket is larger than that of the test piece and used for sealing the test piece. The rubber gasket is a heat-conducting rubber gasket, so that the heat transfer efficiency between the temperature control box and the test piece can be improved, and hollow holes are uniformly distributed in the contact part of the rubber gasket and the test piece, so that the influence of the rubber gasket on heat transfer is reduced, and the time required for adjusting the temperature of the test piece is shortened.
Preferably, the temperature control box is of a cylindrical hollow shell structure, and a through hole is formed in the middle of the temperature control box and used for placing a test piece; temperature control box is made by high temperature resistant and low temperature resistant material, can not take place great deformation when guaranteeing to fill into high temperature or low temperature gas, guarantees the leakproofness of inside test piece.
Preferably, the temperature control box can also be the rotatable cuboid box structure of taking the step, and the middle part is equipped with a through-hole, comprises upper and lower two parts, and the front side is equipped with the inlet port and is used for filling into the required gas of temperature regulation, and upper and lower two parts rotate the connection through the hinge of establishing at the box rear side, and the screw-thread fit who passes the through-hole of upper step and the corresponding test piece of lower step by the screw rod of establishing at the box front side after putting into the test piece makes to place the test piece more convenient under the good prerequisite of assurance leakproofness.
Preferably, left side board and right panel are equipped with the boss and cooperate with the through-hole in the temperature control box, and two panels are all installed on the base, and the sealed fixed test piece of cooperation with the rubber packing.
Compared with the prior art, the device has the following advantages:
(1) the testing method is simple; (2) the experimental data is reliable; (3) the test method can simulate the characteristics of low-temperature and humid environments in tunnels aiming at the detailed structure of the polyurea coating material and the construction joint, so that the experimental environment is closer to the actual use environment of the polyurea coating material, and the effectiveness of the experimental result is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the temperature control box according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the temperature control box in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a rubber gasket in the temperature control box according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of the test piece described in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the test piece of example 1 of the present invention before the polyurea coating material is applied.
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the test piece in example 1 of the present invention after the polyurea coating material has been applied as required.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a preferred temperature control box in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a water inlet tank; 2. a water inlet pressurizing device; 3. a water inlet pressure gauge; 4. a water inflow meter; 5. a water inlet measuring cylinder; 6. a water inlet measuring cylinder valve; 7. a water inlet pipe; 8. a right panel; 9. a temperature meter; 10. a wire; 11. a test piece; 12. a temperature sensor; 13. a polyurea coating material; 14. a rubber gasket; 15. a temperature control box; 16. a temperature control valve; 17. a left panel; 18. a water outlet pipeline; 19. a water outlet measuring cylinder valve; 20. a water outlet flow meter; 21. a water outlet measuring cylinder; 22. A water outlet pressure gauge; 23. a water outlet pressurizing device; 24. a water outlet tank; 25. cracking; 26. a water outlet valve; 27. a base; 28. A water inlet valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "middle", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-8, a method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material utilizes a device for testing the permeability of the polyurea coating material, the device comprises a water inlet system, a right panel 8, a temperature control system, a test piece 11, a left panel 17, a water outlet system and a base 27, the water inlet system comprises a water inlet pipeline 7 and a water inlet tank 1, one end of the water inlet pipeline 7 is arranged in the water inlet tank 1, and the other end of the water inlet pipeline is connected with one side of the test piece 11 through the right panel 8; a water inlet valve 28, a water inlet pressurizing device 2 and a water inlet pressure gauge 3 are arranged at the position, close to the water inlet tank 1, of the water inlet pipeline 7, and the water inlet pressurizing device 2 is used for simulating the water pressure outside the tunnel; the temperature control system consists of a temperature control box 15, a temperature measuring meter 9, a lead wire 10 and a temperature sensor 12 and is used for adjusting the temperature of the test piece 11; the temperature sensor 12 is connected to the temperature meter 9 by a lead 10; the test piece 11 is a concrete test piece with a crack 25 and is formed by combining an upper concrete piece and a lower concrete piece; a crack 25 is arranged between the two pieces of concrete, and the specific width value of the crack 25 can be set manually according to the experimental requirement; the temperature control box 15 is of a shell structure; the water outlet system comprises a water outlet pipeline 18 and a water outlet tank 24, one end of the water outlet pipeline 18 is arranged in the water outlet tank 24, the other end of the water outlet pipeline is connected with the left side of the test piece 11 through a left panel 17, a water outlet valve 26, a water outlet pressurizing device 23 and a water outlet pressure gauge 22 are further arranged at the position, close to the water outlet tank 24, of the water outlet pipeline 18, and the water outlet pressurizing device 23 is used for simulating water pressure in a tunnel; the high-pressure water generated by the pressurization of the pressurization device can reach the position of the test piece through the pipelines in the two side panels.
The polyurea coating material 13 is painted on the left side of the test piece 11.
The outer wall of the test piece 11 is tightly attached to a layer of temperature sensor 12; the temperature sensor 12 is used for monitoring the surface temperature of the test piece 11, and when the temperature control box 15 is heated or cooled to reach a certain temperature, the temperature sensor 12 transmits the detected temperature data to the temperature measuring meter 9 in real time.
The left side of the test piece 11 is tightly connected with the left panel, and the right side of the test piece is tightly connected with the right panel; the test piece 11 is hermetically wrapped in a temperature control box 15 through a left panel 17 and a right panel 8;
the temperature control box 15 and the test piece 11 are sealed by a rubber gasket 14, and the rubber gasket 14 is a rubber gasket with uniformly distributed hollow holes; the hollow hole on the rubber gasket 14 is used for preventing the rubber gasket from blocking heat transfer; the heat of the temperature control box 15 can be transferred to the test piece 11 through a hollow hole in the rubber gasket.
The temperature control valve 16 is arranged at the left lower part of the temperature control box 15, and water vapor or nitrogen enters the temperature control box 15 through the temperature control valve 16 to adjust the temperature of the test piece.
A water inlet pipeline 7 is arranged in the right panel 8, and the water inlet pipeline 7 is connected with a water inlet flow meter 4, a water inlet pressure meter 3 and a water inlet pressurizing device 2; and a water inlet valve 28 is connected between the water inlet pressurizing device 2 and the water inlet pressure gauge 3.
The middle of the water inlet pressurizing device 2 and the water inlet pressure gauge 3 is connected with a water inlet measuring cylinder 5; and a water inlet measuring cylinder valve 6 is arranged above the water inlet measuring cylinder 5.
A water outlet pipeline 18 is arranged in the left panel 17, and the water outlet pipeline 18 is connected with a water outlet flow meter 20, a water outlet pressure meter 22 and a water outlet pressurizing device 23; a water outlet valve 26 is connected between the water outlet pressurizing device 23 and the water outlet pressure gauge 22.
A water outlet measuring cylinder 21 is connected between the water outlet pressurizing device 23 and the water outlet pressure gauge 22, and a water outlet measuring cylinder valve 19 is arranged above the water outlet measuring cylinder 21.
Scheme 1: and (3) simulating the conditions that the polyurea coating material is not filled with water and high-pressure water outside the tunnel after the polyurea coating material is coated and maintained, and testing the maximum water pressure which can be borne by the polyurea coating material at normal temperature.
The first step is as follows: after the polyurea coating material is coated and maintained, the test piece 11 is wrapped by a rubber gasket 14 and is placed into a temperature control box 15, and the test piece 11 is fixed through two side panels. Closing the water inlet measuring cylinder valve 6 and the water outlet valve 26, opening the water inlet valve 28 and the water outlet measuring cylinder valve 19, evacuating residual gas in the temperature control box 15, keeping the temperature in the temperature control box 15 at room temperature, closing the temperature control valve 16, and checking and recording the temperature value displayed by the temperature measuring meter 9.
The second step is that: the water inlet pressurizing device 2 is opened, 1MPa is taken as a pressurizing initial value, the numerical value shown by the water inlet pressure gauge 3 is gradually increased by taking 1MPa as a gradient every time for pressurizing, and pressurized high-pressure water reaches the crack 25 through the water inlet pipeline 7 and then reaches the polyurea coating material 13 through the crack 25; when the value of the water inlet pressure gauge 3 is constant, the change of the values of the water inlet flow gauge 4 and the water outlet flow gauge 20 is observed after the pressurization is continued for a certain time.
The third step: if the values shown by the water inlet flow meter 4 and the water outlet flow meter 20 are stable and unchanged, the polyurea coating material 13 is proved not to be broken by high-pressure water; if the numerical values shown by the water inlet flow meter 4 and the water outlet flow meter 20 change, the water outlet amount in the water outlet measuring cylinder 21 is observed and recorded, the obtained numerical value is compared with the numerical value of the water outlet flow meter 20, the maximum value is taken as the seepage flow value, and the pressure value corresponding to the water inlet pressure meter 3 is recorded, namely the maximum water-resistant pressure value of the polyurea coating material 13.
The fourth step: if the values shown by the water inlet flow meter 4 and the water outlet flow meter 20 are stable and unchanged, the second step and the third step are continuously repeated until the polyurea coating is broken by high-pressure water, the values of the water inlet flow meter 4 and the water outlet flow meter 20 are obviously changed, and the maximum water pressure resistance value and the seepage flow value of the polyurea coating material 13 are measured.
Scheme 2: the temperature of the test piece is adjusted through the temperature control box, after the simulated urea coating material is smeared and maintained, water is not filled in the tunnel, high-pressure water is outside the tunnel, and the maximum water pressure which can be borne by the polyurea coating material is tested at high temperature or low temperature.
The first step is as follows: and opening the temperature control valve 16, and after the residual gas in the temperature control box 15 is exhausted, continuously introducing steam (heating) or nitrogen (refrigerating) into the temperature control box 15 to adjust the temperature of the test piece.
The second step is that: observing the temperature value measured by the temperature measuring meter 9, and closing the temperature control valve 16 if the temperature of the test piece 11 measured by the temperature measuring meter 9 reaches the temperature set by the experiment; and (3) continuously observing the value change of the temperature measuring meter 9 after closing the temperature control valve 16, and if the temperature change of the test piece 11 is found to reach 1-2 ℃, opening the temperature control valve 16 to continuously fill gas for controlling the corresponding temperature, and keeping the temperature of the test piece 11 controlled within a set range.
The third step: if the temperature to be tested is greater than 4 ℃, continuing with embodiment 2; if the temperature to be tested is less than or equal to 4 ℃, the temperature control valve needs to be opened, and the residual gas in the temperature control box is exhausted and then the embodiment 2 is carried out.
By combining the scheme 1 and the scheme 2, the conditions that water is not filled in the tunnel and high-pressure water is outside the tunnel can be simulated so as to test the maximum water pressure which can be borne by the polyurea coating material at normal temperature and the water pressure resistance of the polyurea coating material at the highest and lowest temperatures.
Scheme 3: in order to simulate the water pressure condition of the polyurea coating material in a real state, a reverse water pressure test needs to be carried out on the polyurea coating material. This experimental scheme can simulate polyurea coating material and paint, after the maintenance is accomplished, at normal atmospheric temperature, fill in the tunnel, the tunnel is outer to be the water under high pressure, and the water pressure is greater than the outer condition of tunnel in the tunnel to the biggest water pressure that polyurea coating material can bear in the practical application environment is tested. In this scheme the temperature control box is the rotatable cuboid structure of taking the step, as shown in fig. 8, and it is more convenient to put into the test piece, and the concrete mode of temperature regulation is the same with scheme 2.
The first step is as follows: and (3) wrapping the test piece coated with the polyurea coating material by using a rubber gasket 14, putting the test piece into a temperature control box 15, and locking the temperature control box 15. Closing the water inlet valve 28 and the water outlet measuring cylinder valve 19, and opening the water inlet measuring cylinder valve 6 and the water outlet valve 26; the residual gas in the temperature control box 15 is exhausted, the temperature data displayed by the temperature measuring meter 9 is checked and recorded, and the temperature control valve 16 is closed.
The second step is that: and (3) opening the water outlet pressurizing device 23, taking 1MPa as a pressurizing initial value, gradually increasing the numerical value shown by the water outlet pressure gauge 22 by taking 1MPa as a gradient for pressurizing, and allowing the high-pressure water generated by pressurization of the water outlet pressurizing device 23 to reach the polyurea coating material 13 through the water outlet pipeline 18.
The third step: when the numerical value shown by the water outlet pressure gauge 22 is constant, the numerical value changes of the water outlet flow gauge 20 and the water inlet flow gauge 4 are observed, after pressurization lasts for a period of time, if the numerical values of the water outlet flow gauge 20 and the water inlet flow gauge 4 are stable and do not change, the polyurea coating material 13 is proved not to be broken by high-pressure water; if the numerical values shown by the water outlet flow meter 20 and the water inlet flow meter 4 are obviously changed, observing and recording the water outlet amount in the water inlet measuring cylinder 5, comparing the obtained numerical value with the numerical value of the water inlet flow meter 4, taking the maximum value as the seepage flow value, and recording the pressure value corresponding to the water outlet pressure gauge 22, namely the maximum water pressure resistant value of the polyurea coating material 13.
The fourth step: and if the numerical values of the water outlet flow meter 20 and the water inlet flow meter 4 are stable and unchanged, continuously increasing the water pressure value, repeating the second step and the third step until the polyurea coating material 13 is broken by high-pressure water, changing the numerical values shown by the water outlet flow meter 20 and the water inlet flow meter 4, and measuring the maximum water pressure resistance value and the seepage flow value which can be borne by the polyurea coating material.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after the surface of a concrete test piece is treated by simulating a site standard construction process, coating a polyurea coating on one side of the test piece, and maintaining;
(2) the test method comprises the following steps of sealing and fixing a test piece after maintenance in a temperature control box, controlling the temperature control box by a temperature control system to be used for adjusting the temperature of the test piece, and respectively connecting the two ends of the test piece with a water inlet system and a water outlet system to carry out permeability test, wherein the test method comprises the following three parts:
a first part: simulating the conditions that water is not filled in the tunnel and high-pressure water is outside the tunnel at normal temperature; high-pressure water generated by pressurization of a water inlet pressurization device of the water inlet system reaches the position of a test piece through a pipeline, and the polyurea coating material is subjected to gradient pressurization, the numerical values of a pressure gauge, a water inlet flow meter and a water outlet flow meter on the pipeline and the water amount in a corresponding measuring cylinder are observed, and the water pressure bearing capacity and seepage capacity of the polyurea coating material are tested;
a second part: adjusting the temperature of the test piece by using a temperature control box, and testing the water pressure bearing capacity and seepage quantity of the polyurea coating material at high temperature or low temperature;
and a third part: simulating the conditions that water is filled in the tunnel, high-pressure water is outside the tunnel, and the pressure of the water in the tunnel is higher than that outside the tunnel; one side of the test piece is filled with water by using a water inlet measuring cylinder of a water inlet system, and the other side of the test piece is pressurized by using a water outlet pressurizing device to generate high-pressure water which reaches the position of the polyurea coating material through a pipeline, so that the high-pressure water is pressurized in a gradient manner, the numerical value of a flow meter and the water amount in the corresponding measuring cylinder are observed, and the capacity and seepage amount of the polyurea coating material for bearing water pressure are tested;
the test method comprises the steps that a test device is used for testing, and the test device comprises a water inlet system, a right panel, a temperature control system, a test piece, a left panel, a water outlet system and a base; the water inlet system comprises a water inlet pipeline and a water inlet tank, wherein one end of the water inlet pipeline is arranged in the water inlet tank, and the other end of the water inlet pipeline is connected with one side of the test piece through a right panel; a water inlet valve, a water inlet pressurizing device and a water inlet pressure gauge are arranged on the water inlet pipeline close to the water inlet tank and used for simulating the water pressure outside the tunnel; a water inlet flow meter, a water inlet measuring cylinder and a water inlet measuring cylinder valve are also connected to a water inlet pipeline between the water inlet pressurizing device of the testing device and the right panel; the temperature control system consists of a temperature control box, a temperature measuring meter, a lead and a temperature sensor and is used for adjusting the temperature of the test piece; the temperature sensor is connected to a temperature meter by a wire; the test piece is a concrete test piece, and the other side of the test piece is coated with a polyurea coating material; the test piece is hermetically wrapped in the temperature control box through the left panel and the right panel; the water outlet system comprises a water outlet pipeline and a water outlet tank, one end of the water outlet pipeline is arranged in the water outlet tank, the other end of the water outlet pipeline is connected with the left side of the test piece through a left panel, and a water outlet valve, a water outlet pressurizing device and a water outlet pressure gauge are arranged at the position, close to the water outlet tank, of the water outlet pipeline and used for simulating water pressure in the tunnel; the water outlet pipeline between the water outlet pressurizing device and the left panel is also connected with a water outlet flowmeter, a water outlet measuring cylinder and a water outlet measuring cylinder valve; and high-pressure water generated by pressurization of the pressurization device reaches the position of the test piece through the pipelines in the two side panels.
2. The permeability test method of the polyurea coating material according to claim 1, wherein the first part of the test method is specifically performed according to the following steps:
the first step is as follows: wrapping a test piece coated with a polyurea coating material by using a rubber gasket, placing the test piece into a temperature control box, fixing the test piece through two side panels, closing a water inlet measuring cylinder valve and a water outlet valve, opening the water inlet valve and the water outlet measuring cylinder valve, evacuating residual gas in the temperature control box, keeping the temperature in the temperature control box at room temperature, closing the temperature control valve, and checking and recording a temperature value displayed by a temperature measuring meter;
the second step is that: opening a water inlet pressurizing device, taking 1MPa as a pressurizing initial value, gradually increasing the numerical value shown by a water inlet pressure gauge by taking 1MPa as a gradient for pressurizing each time, and allowing pressurized high-pressure water to flow through a water inlet pipeline to reach a crack and then flow through the crack to reach the polyurea coating material; when the value shown by the water inlet pressure gauge is constant, after the pressurization is continued for a certain time, the value change of the water inlet flow meter and the water outlet flow meter is observed;
the third step: if the values shown by the water inlet flow meter and the water outlet flow meter are stable and unchanged, the polyurea coating material is proved not to be broken by high-pressure water; if the numerical values shown by the water inlet flow meter and the water outlet flow meter are changed, observing and recording the water outlet amount in the water outlet measuring cylinder, comparing the obtained numerical value with the numerical value of the water outlet flow meter, taking the maximum value as a seepage value, and recording a pressure value corresponding to the water inlet pressure meter, namely the maximum water-resistant pressure value of the polyurea coating material;
the fourth step: and if the numerical values shown by the water inlet flow meter and the water outlet flow meter are stable and unchanged, continuously repeating the second step and the third step until the polyurea coating is broken by high-pressure water, obviously changing the numerical values of the water inlet flow meter and the water outlet flow meter, and measuring the maximum water pressure resistance value and the seepage flow rate value of the polyurea coating material.
3. The method for testing the permeability of the polyurea coating material according to claim 1, wherein the second part of the test method comprises the following specific operation steps:
the first step is as follows: opening a temperature control valve, and after residual gas in a temperature control box is exhausted, heating water or continuously introducing nitrogen into the temperature control box to adjust the temperature of the test piece;
the second step is that: observing the temperature value measured by the temperature measuring meter, and closing the temperature control valve if the temperature of the test piece measured by the temperature measuring meter reaches the temperature set by the experiment; continuously observing the value change of the temperature measuring meter after closing the temperature control valve, and if the temperature change of the test piece is found to reach 1-2 ℃, opening the temperature control valve to continuously fill gas for controlling the corresponding temperature, and keeping the temperature of the test piece controlled within a set range;
the third step: if the temperature to be tested is more than 4 ℃, continuing to implement the first step; and if the temperature to be tested is less than or equal to 4 ℃, opening a temperature control valve, and performing the first step after exhausting the residual gas in the temperature control box.
4. The permeability test method of the polyurea coating material according to claim 1, wherein the third part of the test method comprises the following specific operation steps:
the first step is as follows: wrapping the test piece coated with the polyurea coating material by using a rubber gasket, putting the test piece into a temperature control box, and locking the temperature control box; closing the water inlet valve and the water outlet measuring cylinder valve, and opening the water inlet measuring cylinder valve and the water outlet valve; exhausting residual gas in the temperature control box, checking and recording temperature data displayed by the temperature measuring meter, and closing the temperature control valve;
the second step is that: opening the water outlet pressurizing device, taking 1MPa as a pressurizing initial value, increasing the numerical value shown by the water outlet pressure gauge by taking 1MPa as a gradient, and pressurizing, wherein high-pressure water generated by pressurization of the water outlet pressurizing device reaches the polyurea coating material through a water outlet pipeline;
the third step: when the numerical value shown by the water outlet pressure gauge is constant, the numerical value change of the water outlet flow gauge and the water inlet flow gauge is observed, and after the pressurization lasts for a period of time, if the numerical value of the water outlet flow gauge and the water inlet flow gauge is stable and does not change, the polyurea coating material is proved not to be broken by high-pressure water; if the numerical values shown by the water outlet flow meter and the water inlet flow meter are obviously changed, observing and recording the water outlet amount in the water inlet measuring cylinder, comparing the obtained numerical value with the numerical value of the water inlet flow meter, taking the maximum value as the seepage value, and recording the pressure value corresponding to the water outlet pressure meter, namely the maximum water-resistant pressure value of the polyurea coating material;
the fourth step: and if the numerical values of the water outlet flow meter and the water inlet flow meter are stable and unchanged, continuously increasing the water pressure value, repeating the second step and the third step until the polyurea coating material is broken by high-pressure water, changing the numerical values shown by the water outlet flow meter and the water inlet flow meter, and measuring the maximum water pressure resistance value and the seepage flow value which can be borne by the polyurea coating material.
5. The method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the test piece is a cylindrical test piece formed by combining an upper concrete and a lower concrete, and the outer wall of the test piece is tightly attached to a layer of temperature sensor; and a crack is also arranged between the two pieces of concrete, and the specific width of the crack is set manually.
6. The method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the temperature control box and the test piece are sealed through a rubber gasket, and the length of the rubber gasket is greater than that of the test piece; the rubber gasket is a heat conduction rubber gasket or the contact part of the rubber gasket and the test piece is provided with uniformly distributed hollow holes.
7. The method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the temperature control box is of a cylindrical hollow shell structure, and a through hole is formed in the middle of the temperature control box and used for placing a test piece; the temperature control box is made of high-temperature-resistant and low-temperature-resistant materials; the temperature control box is also provided with a temperature control valve.
8. The method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the temperature control box is a rotatable cuboid box structure with steps, a through hole is formed in the middle of the temperature control box and consists of an upper portion and a lower portion, an air inlet hole is formed in the front side of the temperature control box and used for filling gas required for temperature regulation, the upper portion and the lower portion are connected in a rotating mode through a hinge arranged on the rear side of the box body, and a screw rod arranged on the front side of the box body penetrates through the through hole in the upper step and is matched with threads corresponding to the lower steps to fix a test piece after the test piece.
9. The method for testing the permeability of a polyurea coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the left panel and the right panel are provided with bosses matched with through holes in the temperature control box, and the two panels are installed on the base.
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