CN109535175A - 一种含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物、应用及发光器件 - Google Patents
一种含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物、应用及发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109535175A CN109535175A CN201811437586.2A CN201811437586A CN109535175A CN 109535175 A CN109535175 A CN 109535175A CN 201811437586 A CN201811437586 A CN 201811437586A CN 109535175 A CN109535175 A CN 109535175A
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物,具有如下结构式:该化合物具有较好的热稳定性、高发光效率、高发光纯度,可以应用于有机电致发光器件、有机太阳能电池、有机薄膜晶体管或有机光感受器领域。本发明还提供了一种有机电致发光器件,该器件包含阳极、阴极和有机层,有机层包含发光层、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、激子阻挡层、电子传输层中的至少一层,有机层中至少有一层含有如结构式I的化合物,采用该化合物制作的有机电致发光器件具有电致发光效率良好和色纯度优异以及寿命长的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光材料领域,具体涉及一种含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物及其应用,还涉及一种有机电致发光器件。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件(OLEDs)为在两个金属电极之间通过旋涂或者真空蒸镀沉积一层有机材料制备而成的器件,一个经典的三层有机电致发光器件包含空穴传输层,发光层和电子传输层。由阳极产生的空穴经空穴传输层跟由阴极产生的电子经电子传输层结合在发光层形成激子,而后发光。有机电致发光器件可以根据需要通过改变发光层的材料来调节发射各种需要的光。
有机电致发光器件作为一种新型的显示技术,具有自发光、宽视角、低能耗、效率高、薄、色彩丰富、响应速度快、适用温度范围广、低驱动电压、可制作柔性可弯曲与透明的显示面板以及环境友好等独特优点,可以应用在平板显示器和新一代照明上,也可以作为LCD的背光源。
自从20世纪80年代底发明以来,有机电致发光器件已经在产业上有所应用,比如作为相机和手机等屏幕,但是目前的OLED器件由于效率低,使用寿命短等因素制约其更广泛的应用,特别是大屏幕显示器。而制约其中的一个重要因素就是有机电致发光器件中的有机电致发光材料的性能。另外由于OLED器件在施加电压运行的时候,会产生焦耳热,使得有机材料容易发生结晶,影响了器件的寿命和效率,因此,也需要开发稳定高效的有机电致发光材料。
在有机电致发光器件中,空穴传输材料和注入材料的引入,可以有效地降低正电荷从正极传输到发光层的能力,提高器件的效率和热稳定。传统的空穴注入材料,如copperphthalocyanine(CuPc),降解慢,制备耗能高,不利于环境保护,而且其会吸收光,影响器件的效率。NPB等原始的空穴传输材料,热稳定性比较差,也很大程度影响器件寿命。因而,需要开发高效稳定的有机电致发光材料。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物,其为具有如下结构式I的化合物:
其中,R1-R8独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、C1-C12的烷基、取代或者未取代的C6-C30的芳基、取代或者未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基;
X1、X2独立地选自O、S、N;
L1、L2独立地选自单键、C1-C12的烷基、取代或者未取代的C6-C30的芳基、取代或者未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基;
Ar1-Ar4独立地选自氢、取代或者未取代的C6-C30的芳基、取代或者未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基,Ar1与Ar2、Ar1与Ar2不成环,或者通过单键或以下基团连接而成环:单键、取代或者未取代的C1-C12的亚甲基、氧原子、硫原子。
优选地,Ar1-Ar4独立地选自苯基、二苯基苯基、萘基、萘基苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、三并苯基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、苝基、荧蒽基、苊基、苊烯基、芴基、咔唑基、二苯并噻吩基及二苯并呋喃基。进一步优选地,Ar1-Ar4独立地选自由上述基团被C1-C12的烷基取代所得基团。
优选地,所述的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物为下列结构式1-50的化合物:
本发明的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物可以通过Buchwald-Hartwig反应和乌尔曼反、suzkui应制备得到。
本发明的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物可以应用于有机电致发光器件、太阳能电池、有机薄膜晶体管或有机光感受器领域。
本发明还提供了一种有机电致发光器件,该器件包含阳极、阴极和有机层,有机层包含发光层、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、激子阻挡层、电子传输层中的至少一层,所述有机层中至少一层含有如结构式I所述的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物。
其中有机层为发光层;
或者有机层为发光层和电子传输层;
或者有机层为发光层、电子传输层和电子注入层;
或者有机层为空穴传输层和发光层;
或者有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层和发光层;
或者有机层为空穴传输层、发光层和电子传输层;
或者有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层和电子传输层;
或者有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和电子注入层;
或者有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、阻挡层、发光层、电子传输层和电子注入层;
或者有机层为空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层和空穴阻挡层;
或者有机层为空穴传输层、发光层、电子注入层和空穴阻挡层。
优选地,所述的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物所在的层为空穴传输层。
如结构式I所述的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物单独使用,或和其它化合物混合使用;如结构式I所述的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物可以单独使用其中的一种化合物,也可以同时使用结构式I中的两种或两种以上的化合物;单独使用一种选自结构式1-50的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物,或同时使用两种以上选自结构式1-50的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物。
本发明的有机电致发光器件有机层的总厚度为1-1000nm,优选50-500nm。
本发明的有机电致发光器件在使用本发明具有结构式I的化合物时,可以搭配使用其他材料,如在空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阻挡层中等,而获得蓝光、绿光、黄光、红光或者白光。
本发明有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层和空穴注入层,所需材料具有很好的空穴传输性能,能够有效地把空穴从阳极传输到发光层上。除了可以使用具有本发明的化合物外,还可以包括其他小分子和高分子有机化合物,包括但不限于咔唑类化合物、三芳香胺化合物、联苯二胺化合物、芴类化合物、酞菁类化合物、六氰基六杂三苯(hexanitrilehexaazatriphenylene)、2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7',8,8'-四氰二甲基对苯醌(F4-TCNQ)、聚乙烯基咔唑、聚噻吩、聚乙烯或聚苯磺酸。
本发明的有机电致发光器件的发光层,具有很好的发光特性,可以根据需要调节可见光的范围。除本发明的具有结构式I化合物外,还可以含有如下化合物,但是不限于此,萘类化合物,芘类化合物,芴类化合物,菲类化合物,类化合物,荧蒽类化合物,蒽类化合物,并五苯类化合物,苝类化合物,二芳乙烯类化合物,三苯胺乙烯类化合物,胺类化合物,苯并咪唑类化合物,呋喃类化合物,有机金属螯合物。
本发明有机电致发光器件的有机电子传输材料要求具有很好的电子传输性能,能够有效地把电子从阴极传输到发光层中,具有很大的电子迁移率。可以选择如下化合物,但是不限于此:氧杂恶唑、噻唑类化合物、三氮唑类化合物、三氮嗪类化合物、三氮杂苯类化合物、喔啉类化合物、二氮蒽类化合物、含硅杂环类化合物、喹啉类化合物、菲啰啉类化合物、金属螯合物(如Alq3)、氟取代苯类化合物、苯并咪唑类化合物。
本发明有机电致发光器件的电子注入层,可以有效的把电子从阴极注入到有机层中,主要选自碱金属或者碱金属的化合物,或选自碱土金属或者碱土金属的化合物或者碱金属络合物,可以选择如下化合物,但是不限于此:碱金属、碱土金属、稀土金属、碱金属的氧化物或者卤化物、碱土金属的氧化物或者卤化物、稀土金属的氧化物或者卤化物、碱金属或者碱土金属的有机络合物;优选为锂、氟化锂、氧化锂、氮化锂、8-羟基喹啉锂、铯、碳酸铯、8-羟基喹啉铯、钙、氟化钙、氧化钙、镁、氟化镁、碳酸镁、氧化镁,这些化合物可以单独使用也可以混合物使用,也可以跟其他有机电致发光材料配合使用。
本发明的有机电致发光器件中有机层的每一层,可以通过真空蒸镀法、分子束蒸镀法、溶于溶剂的浸涂法、旋涂法、棒涂法或者喷墨打印等方式制备。对于金属电机可以使用蒸镀法或者溅射法进行制备。
器件实验表明,本发明如结构式I所述的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物,具有较好热稳定性、高发光效率、高发光纯度。采用该化合物制作的有机电致发光器件具有电致发光效率良好和色纯度优异以及寿命长的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种有机电致发光器件结构示意图;
其中,110为玻璃基板,120为阳极,130为空穴注入层,140为空穴传输层,150为发光层,160为电子传输层,170为电子注入层,180为阴极。
具体实施方式
为了更详细叙述本发明,特举以下例子,但是不限于此。
实施例1
中间体A、B、C的合成路线
中间体A的合成
在三口烧瓶中,依次加入噻吩硼酸(10g,78mmol)、邻溴碘苯(24g,86mmol)、碳酸钾(27g,0.2mol)、四氢呋喃(200mL)、水(100mL)、四三苯基膦钯(0.5g),在氮气保护下,加热回流10小时,冷却,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩,粗产品经柱层析纯化得到14g,产率75%。
中间体B的合成
在三口烧瓶中,依次加入中间体A(10g,42mmol)、干燥四氢呋喃(100mL),在氮气保护下冷却到零下70℃,缓慢加入2.5M的正丁基锂(16.8mL),滴加完反应1小时,然后加入60mL溶有茚并噻吩酮(7.2g,42mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液。加完,缓慢升至室温,反应2小时,加入二氯甲烷萃取、浓缩,加入醋酸(100mL)和浓盐酸(3mL),加热回流5小时,冷却,除去溶剂,粗产品用二氯甲烷溶剂,水洗,有机层干燥浓缩,粗产品经柱层析纯化得到8.1g,产率59%。
中间体C的合成
在三口烧瓶中,加入中间体B(8g,24.4mmol),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL),缓慢加入溴代丁二酰亚胺(8.8g,49mmol),室温反应12小时,加入水,用二氯甲烷萃取,干燥,浓缩,粗产品经柱层析纯化得到10g,产率86%。
中间体D、E、F的合成路线
中间体D的合成
合成方法跟中间体A的一样,所用原料为呋喃硼酸,产率57%。
中间体E合成方法
合成方法跟中间体B的一样,所用原料为中间体D,产率49%。
中间体F的合成
合成方法跟中间体C的一样,所用原料为中间体E,产率82%。
实施例2
化合物2的合成路线
化合物2的合成方法
在烧瓶中,加入中间体C(2g,4.1mmol)、二(4-叔丁基-苯)胺(2.9g,9.2mmol)、叔丁醇钠(2g,20mmol)、醋酸钯(50mg)、X-phos(100mg)、邻二甲苯(30mL),在氮气保护下加热回流24小时,冷却,除去溶剂,粗品用柱层析纯化得到2.7g,产率75%。
其他实施例的合成方法与化合物2的一样,都是中间体C和中间体F作为原料,再与其他的胺反应,具体如下表1:
表1
实施例11-19
有机电致发光器件的制备
使用实施例的化合物制备OLED
首先,将透明导电ITO玻璃基板110(上面带有阳极120)(中国南玻集团股份有限公司)依次经:去离子水,乙醇,丙酮和去离子水洗净,再用氧等离子处理30秒。
然后,在ITO上旋涂45nm厚的PEDOT:PSS(聚乙撑二氧噻吩-聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐))为空穴注入层130,150℃下干燥30分钟。
然后,在空穴注入层上蒸镀40nm厚的本发明化合物作为空穴传输材料140。
然后,在电子阻挡层上蒸镀30nm厚的发光层150,其中,CBP为主体发光材料,而以重量比为8%的Ir(ppy)3作为磷光掺杂客体材料。
然后,在发光层上蒸镀40nm厚的TMPYPB作为电子传输层160。
最后,蒸镀1nm LiF为电子注入层170和80nm Al作为器件阴极180。
所制备的器件(结构示意图见图1)用Photo Research PR650光谱仪测得的在100mA/cm2的电流密度下的外量子效率为如表2。
比较例1
除了用HT1代替本发明化合物作为空穴传输材料外,比较例制备器件的方法与实施例10-19一样。
表2
器件中所述化合物的结构式如下:
从表2中可以看出,本发明的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物用于有机电致发光器件,可以降低工作电压,提高器件效率,是具有优良性能的空穴传输材料。如上所述,本发明的化合物具有高的稳定性,制备的有机电致发光器件具有高的效率和光纯度。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物,其特征在于,为具有如下结构式I的化合物:
其中,R1-R8独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、C1-C12的烷基、取代或者未取代的C6-C30的芳基、取代或者未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基;
X1、X2独立地选自O、S、N;
L1、L2独立地选自单键、C1-C12的烷基、取代或者未取代的C6-C30的芳基、取代或者未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基;
Ar1-Ar4独立地选自氢、取代或者未取代的C6-C30的芳基、取代或者未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基,Ar1与Ar2、Ar1与Ar2不成环,或者通过单键或以下基团连接而成环:单键、取代或者未取代的C1-C12的亚甲基、氧原子、硫原子。
2.如权利要求1所述的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物,其特征在于,Ar1-Ar4独立地选自苯基、二苯基苯基、萘基、萘基苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、三并苯基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、苝基、荧蒽基、苊基、苊烯基、芴基、咔唑基、二苯并噻吩基及二苯并呋喃基。
3.如权利要求2所述的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物,其特征在于,Ar1-Ar4独立地选自权利要求2所述基团被C1-C12的烷基取代所得基团。
4.如权利要求1所述的含五元环螺结构的双三芳香胺化合物,其特征在于,为下列结构式1-50的化合物:
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