CN109520843B - Device for measuring surrounding rock crushing degrees with different depths and use method - Google Patents
Device for measuring surrounding rock crushing degrees with different depths and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109520843B CN109520843B CN201910042800.2A CN201910042800A CN109520843B CN 109520843 B CN109520843 B CN 109520843B CN 201910042800 A CN201910042800 A CN 201910042800A CN 109520843 B CN109520843 B CN 109520843B
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- rock sample
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring the crushing degree of surrounding rocks with different depths and a use method, wherein a three-way constraint piece consists of a rectangular bottom plate, a rectangular side plate I, a rectangular side plate II and a rectangular side plate III, wherein the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II are respectively and vertically fixed with two opposite sides of the rectangular bottom plate, the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II are parallel, one side surface of the rectangular side plate III is fixedly connected with one end of the rectangular side plate I, one end of the rectangular side plate II is vertical to one end of the rectangular bottom plate, and a reinforcing plate is fixed on the other side surface of the rectangular side plate III; the other end of the rectangular side plate I and the other end of the rectangular side plate II are respectively provided with a round hole, and the fastening rod penetrates through the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II through the round holes and is respectively fastened with the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II through bolts; according to the invention, under the condition that three sides of a rock sample are constrained by bearing, the rock deformation of the free side is measured through a compression experiment, so that the internal correlation between the rock deformation and the bearing capacity is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measuring device and a using method thereof, in particular to a device for measuring the crushing degree of surrounding rocks with different depths and a using method thereof.
Background
With the exploitation of mineral resources, the support of various soft rock roadways becomes a difficult problem which puzzles the development of mining industry. A large number of support systems are independently developed in China, the support systems are fully utilized in the mine field, the development of the support systems is greatly improved, and the stability of a roadway is effectively improved. However, in the processes of site construction and long-term in-situ application, some problems still exist, and the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway is large due to the pressure change of the surrounding rock of the roadway in the coal mining process, so that the condition that the original supporting member is difficult to support finally occurs. Because the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway can greatly influence the construction, the inherent correlation between the deformation amount of the rock and the bearing capacity is researched, and the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock of the roadway is improved, so that the technical problem to be solved in the industry is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the device for measuring the crushing degree of surrounding rocks with different depths and the use method thereof, which can measure the rock deformation of the free surface of the rock sample through a compression experiment under the condition that three surfaces of the rock sample are constrained by bearing, thereby obtaining the internal correlation between the rock deformation and the bearing capacity and providing theoretical support for subsequently improving the bearing capacity of the surrounding rocks of a roadway.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a device for measuring the crushing degree of surrounding rock with different depths comprises a three-way constraint piece, a reinforcing plate, a fastening rod and a sensor fixing piece,
the three-way constraint piece consists of a rectangular bottom plate, a rectangular side plate I, a rectangular side plate II and a rectangular side plate III, wherein the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II are respectively and vertically fixed with two opposite sides of the rectangular bottom plate, the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II are mutually parallel, one side surface of the rectangular side plate III is fixedly connected with one end of the rectangular side plate I, one end of the rectangular side plate II and one end of the rectangular bottom plate and is vertical, and the reinforcing plate is fixed on the other side surface of the rectangular side plate III; the other end of the rectangular side plate I and the other end of the rectangular side plate II are respectively provided with a round hole, and the fastening rod penetrates through the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II through the round holes and is respectively and fixedly connected with the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II through bolts;
mounting grooves are formed in opposite side surfaces of the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II, and inner panels are arranged in the two mounting grooves;
the sensor fixing piece is composed of a base and a fixing plate, the fixing plate is vertically fixed on the base, a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the rectangular bottom plate, the base is located on the rectangular bottom plate, positioning pins on the base are inserted into one of the positioning holes to enable the base and the rectangular bottom plate to be relatively fixed, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the side portion of the fixing plate, and a displacement sensor is arranged at each mounting hole.
Further, the reinforcing plate is fixedly connected with the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II through triangular rib plates respectively.
Further, the upper surfaces of the two mounting grooves are provided with scale plates.
The application method of the device for measuring the crushing degree of surrounding rocks with different depths comprises the following specific steps:
A. selecting an inner panel having a desired coefficient of friction to be installed in the installation recess according to the nature of the surrounding rock tested;
B. placing a rock sample to be compressed on a rectangular bottom plate in a three-way constraint piece, enabling the rock sample to be respectively contacted with two inner panels and a rectangular side plate III (namely, three of four sides of the rock sample are respectively constrained, and the side facing the sensor fixing piece is a free surface), reading the length value of the surface of the current rock sample along the direction of the inner panels through a scale plate, placing the sensor fixing piece on the bottom plate, adjusting the distance between the sensor fixing piece and the rock sample, inserting a positioning pin into a positioning hole to enable the sensor fixing piece to be relatively fixed, installing a displacement sensor at each installation hole, connecting the displacement sensor with a computer, and measuring the distance between the current sensor and the free surface of the rock sample through the displacement sensor;
C. the fastening rod penetrates through the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II through round holes and is respectively and fixedly connected with the rectangular side plate I and the rectangular side plate II through bolts;
D. placing the three-way constraint piece on a rock press experiment table, setting parameters of a press according to pressure data tested in a coal mine site, starting the press after the setting is finished, and applying vertical pressure to a rock sample to perform a compression test;
E. in the compression process, reading the length value of the surface of the rock sample under the current pressure through a scale plate, detecting the distance value between the free surface of the rock sample and the displacement sensor in real time through the displacement sensor, storing the two values, dynamically adjusting the pressure value of the press, and repeatedly detecting to obtain the length value of the surface of the rock sample and the distance value between the rock sample and the displacement sensor under different pressure values; and respectively making difference values between the two values obtained under different pressure values and the two values measured before the experiment to obtain the relative displacement of the surface of the rock sample and the bulging quantity of the free surface of the rock sample under different pressure values.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a mode of combining the three-way restraint piece, the inner panel, the fastening rod and the sensor fixing piece, and has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the inner panels with different roughness can be installed according to the requirements, and the bulging amount in the compression process between rocks with different friction coefficients can be simulated;
2. the three-way constraint piece is provided with the scale plate, so that the relative displacement of the rock on the surface of the rock test piece can be directly and clearly read, and the three-way constraint piece is convenient to use;
3. according to the invention, the reinforcing plate and the triangular rib plate are additionally arranged in the aspect of equipment reinforcement, so that the compressive stress generated by capacity expansion in the rock compression process can be effectively overcome, and the equipment rigidity meets the experimental requirements.
4. The invention is designed with a displacement sensor, and the free surface of the rock sample is measured under the condition that three surfaces of the rock sample are constrained by bearing, so that the bulge of the free surface of the rock sample is accurately measured, and the invention is convenient for subsequent study.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the sensor mount of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. reinforcing plate, 2, triangle gusset, 3, rectangle curb plate I, 4, rectangle bottom plate, 5, rectangle curb plate II, 6, fastening rod, 7, mounting groove, 8, interior panel, 9, rectangle curb plate III, 10, the scale plate, 11, sensor mounting, 12, displacement sensor, 13, locating pin.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below.
As shown in the figure, a device for measuring the crushing degree of surrounding rock with different depths comprises a three-way restraint member, a reinforcing plate 1, a fastening rod 6 and a sensor fixing member 11,
the three-way constraint piece consists of a rectangular bottom plate 4, a rectangular side plate I3, a rectangular side plate II 5 and a rectangular side plate III 9, wherein the rectangular side plate I3 and the rectangular side plate II 5 are respectively and vertically fixed with two opposite sides of the rectangular bottom plate 4, the rectangular side plate I3 and the rectangular side plate II 5 are mutually parallel, one side surface of the rectangular side plate III 9 is fixedly connected with one end of the rectangular side plate I3, one end of the rectangular side plate II 5 and one end of the rectangular bottom plate 4 and is vertical, and the reinforcing plate 1 is fixed on the other side surface of the rectangular side plate III 9; the opposite positions of the other end of the rectangular side plate I3 and the other end of the rectangular side plate II 5 are respectively provided with a round hole, and the fastening rod 6 penetrates through the rectangular side plate I3 and the rectangular side plate II 5 through the round holes and is respectively and tightly connected with the rectangular side plate I3 and the rectangular side plate II 5 through bolts;
the opposite side surfaces of the rectangular side plate I3 and the rectangular side plate II 5 are respectively provided with an installation groove 7, and inner panels 8 are respectively arranged in the two installation grooves 7;
the sensor fixing piece 11 is composed of a base and a fixing plate, the fixing plate is vertically fixed on the base, a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the rectangular bottom plate 4, the base is located on the rectangular bottom plate 4, a positioning pin 13 on the base is inserted into one of the positioning holes to enable the base to be fixed relative to the rectangular bottom plate 4, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the side portion of the fixing plate, and a displacement sensor 12 is arranged at each mounting hole.
Further, the reinforcing plate 1 is fixedly connected with the rectangular side plate I3 and the rectangular side plate II 5 through the triangular rib plate 2.
Further, the upper surfaces of the two mounting grooves 7 are each provided with a scale plate 10.
The application method of the device for measuring the crushing degree of surrounding rocks with different depths comprises the following specific steps:
A. selecting an inner panel 8 having a desired coefficient of friction to be installed in the installation recess 7 according to the nature of the surrounding rock tested;
B. placing a rock sample to be compressed on a rectangular bottom plate 4 in a three-way constraint piece, enabling the rock sample to be respectively contacted with two inner panels 8 and a rectangular side plate III 9 (namely three sides of the four sides of the rock sample are respectively constrained, and the side facing a sensor fixing piece 11 is a free surface), reading the length value of the surface of the current rock sample along the direction of the inner panels 8 through a scale plate 10, placing the sensor fixing piece 11 on the rectangular bottom plate 4, adjusting the distance between the sensor fixing piece 11 and the rock sample, inserting a positioning pin 13 into a positioning hole to enable the sensor fixing piece 11 to be relatively fixed, installing a displacement sensor 12 at each installation hole, connecting the displacement sensor 12 with a computer, and measuring the distance between the current rock sample and the free surface of the rock sample through the displacement sensor 12;
C. the fastening rod 6 passes through the rectangular side plate I3 and the rectangular side plate II 5 through round holes and is respectively and fixedly connected with the rectangular side plate I3 and the rectangular side plate II 5 through bolts;
D. placing the three-way constraint piece on a rock press experiment table, setting parameters of a press according to pressure data of coal rocks with different depths obtained by coal mine field tests, starting the press after the completion, and applying vertical pressure to a rock sample to perform a compression test;
E. in the compression process, reading the length value of the surface of the rock sample under the current pressure through the scale plate 10, detecting the distance value between the empty face of the rock sample and the displacement sensor 12 in real time through the displacement sensor 12, storing the two values, dynamically adjusting the pressure value of the press, and repeatedly detecting to obtain the length value of the surface of the rock sample and the distance value between the rock sample and the displacement sensor under different pressure values; and respectively making difference values between the two values obtained under different pressure values and the two values measured before the experiment to obtain the relative displacement of the surface of the rock sample and the bulging quantity of the free surface of the rock sample under different pressure values.
Claims (2)
1. The using method of the device for measuring the crushing degree of surrounding rocks with different depths is characterized by adopting the device for measuring the crushing degree of the surrounding rocks with different depths, the device comprises a three-way constraint piece, a reinforcing plate (1), a fastening rod (6) and a sensor fixing piece (11), wherein the three-way constraint piece consists of a rectangular bottom plate (4), a rectangular side plate I (3), a rectangular side plate II (5) and a rectangular side plate III (9), the rectangular side plate I (3) and the rectangular side plate II (5) are respectively and vertically fixed with two opposite sides of the rectangular bottom plate (4), the rectangular side plate I (3) and the rectangular side plate II (5) are mutually parallel, one side surface of the rectangular side plate III (9) is fixedly connected with one end of the rectangular side plate I (3), one end of the rectangular side plate II (5) and one end of the rectangular bottom plate (4) and is vertical, and the reinforcing plate (1) is fixed on the other side surface of the rectangular side plate III (9); the opposite positions of the other end of the rectangular side plate I (3) and the other end of the rectangular side plate II (5) are provided with round holes, and the fastening rod (6) penetrates through the rectangular side plate I (3) and the rectangular side plate II (5) through the round holes and is respectively and tightly connected with the rectangular side plate I (3) and the rectangular side plate II (5) through bolts; the opposite side surfaces of the rectangular side plate I (3) and the rectangular side plate II (5) are respectively provided with an installation groove (7), and inner panels (8) are respectively arranged in the two installation grooves (7); the upper surfaces of the two mounting grooves (7) are respectively provided with a scale plate (10); the sensor mounting (11) comprises a base and a fixing plate, wherein the fixing plate is vertically fixed on the base, a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the rectangular bottom plate (4), the base is positioned on the rectangular bottom plate (4), a positioning pin (13) on the base is inserted into one of the positioning holes to enable the base to be relatively fixed with the rectangular bottom plate (4), a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the side part of the fixing plate, and a displacement sensor (12) is arranged at each mounting hole, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
A. selecting an inner panel (8) having a desired coefficient of friction to be installed in the installation recess (7) according to the nature of the surrounding rock tested;
B. placing a rock sample to be compressed on a rectangular bottom plate (4) in a three-way constraint piece, enabling the rock sample to be respectively contacted with two inner panels (8) and a rectangular side plate III (9), reading out the length value of the surface of the current rock sample along the direction of the inner panels (8) through a scale plate (10), placing a sensor fixing piece (11) on the rectangular bottom plate (4) and adjusting the distance between the sensor fixing piece and the rock sample, then inserting a locating pin (13) into a locating hole to enable the sensor fixing piece (11) to be relatively fixed, installing a displacement sensor (12) at each installation hole, connecting the displacement sensor (12) with a computer, and measuring the distance between the current rock sample and the free surface of the rock sample through the displacement sensor (12);
C. the fastening rod (6) penetrates through the rectangular side plate I (3) and the rectangular side plate II (5) through round holes and is respectively and tightly connected with the rectangular side plate I (3) and the rectangular side plate II (5) through bolts;
D. placing the three-way constraint piece on a rock press experiment table, setting parameters of a press according to pressure data tested in a coal mine site, starting the press after the setting is finished, and applying vertical pressure to a rock sample to perform a compression test;
E. in the compression process, reading the length value of the surface of the rock sample under the current pressure through a scale plate (10), detecting the distance value between the free surface of the rock sample and the displacement sensor (12) in real time through the displacement sensor (12), storing the two values, dynamically adjusting the pressure value of the press, and repeatedly detecting to obtain the length value of the surface of the rock sample and the distance value between the rock sample and the displacement sensor under different pressure values; and respectively making difference values between the two values obtained under different pressure values and the two values measured before the experiment to obtain the relative displacement of the surface of the rock sample and the bulging quantity of the free surface of the rock sample under different pressure values.
2. The method for using the device for measuring the crushing degree of surrounding rocks with different depths according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing plate (1) is fixedly connected with the rectangular side plate I (3) and the rectangular side plate II (5) through the triangular rib plate (2) respectively.
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| CN201910042800.2A CN109520843B (en) | 2019-01-17 | 2019-01-17 | Device for measuring surrounding rock crushing degrees with different depths and use method |
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| CN109520843B true CN109520843B (en) | 2024-03-08 |
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