CN109517993B - Non-ferrous metal smelting process - Google Patents

Non-ferrous metal smelting process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109517993B
CN109517993B CN201811626993.8A CN201811626993A CN109517993B CN 109517993 B CN109517993 B CN 109517993B CN 201811626993 A CN201811626993 A CN 201811626993A CN 109517993 B CN109517993 B CN 109517993B
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China
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crushing
smelting
ferrous metal
disc
filter plate
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CN109517993A (en
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不公告发明人
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Anhui Youjin Guanhua New Material Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Youjin Guanhua New Material Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C1/00—Crushing or disintegrating by reciprocating members
    • B02C1/14—Stamping mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/0012—Devices for disintegrating materials by collision of these materials against a breaking surface or breaking body and/or by friction between the material particles (also for grain)
    • B02C19/005—Devices for disintegrating materials by collision of these materials against a breaking surface or breaking body and/or by friction between the material particles (also for grain) the materials to be pulverised being disintegrated by collision of, or friction between, the material particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/0056—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for
    • B02C19/0062—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for specially adapted for shredding scrap metal, e.g. automobile bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
    • B08B1/143—
    • B08B1/32—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
    • C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
    • C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
    • B02C2023/165—Screen denying egress of oversize material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
    • B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste residue treatment, and particularly relates to a non-ferrous metal smelting process; comprises smelting non-ferrous metal by a non-ferrous metal smelting device; collecting the smelted nonferrous metal at a discharge hole, collecting the smelting slag of the nonferrous metal at the same time, fully mixing the smelting slag of the nonferrous metal, a reducing agent, a flux and a binder according to the weight ratio, air-drying the smelting slag of the metal and the obtained mixture, then placing the mixture into a heating furnace, heating the mixture to 800-1300 ℃ for 10-30 minutes, and reducing the mixture; heating the obtained reduction product to 1500-1700 ℃ to obtain residue of the product, and putting the obtained residue into water to be converted into cement clinker; the method can treat the non-ferrous metal smelting slag, the obtained product can be used for cement production, the process links are greatly reduced, the pollution of dust and waste gas is reduced, the economic benefit is realized, and the environment is protected.

Description

Non-ferrous metal smelting process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste residue treatment, and particularly relates to a non-ferrous metal smelting process.
Background
At present, in the process of non-ferrous metal smelting, China generates a large amount of smelting residues, and the large amount of smelting residues can pollute the environment, but researches show that: the smelting slag contains a large amount of metal elements and substances such as SiO2, MgO, CaO, Al2O3 and the like, is similar to the main components of cement, if SiO2, MgO, CaO and Al2O3 in the non-ferrous metal smelting slag can be extracted to prepare a cement raw material, the non-ferrous metal smelting slag can be truly and completely utilized, the method is in accordance with the policy of promoting sustainable development and establishing environment-saving industry in China, and the method makes great contribution to the metallurgical enterprises and the cement industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art and solve the problems that the non-ferrous metal smelting slag pollutes the environment and the utilization rate of the non-ferrous metal smelting slag is low in the prior art; the invention provides a non-ferrous metal smelting process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a non-ferrous metal smelting process, which comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting the non-ferrous metal by using a non-ferrous metal smelting device;
s2: collect the non ferrous metal that the smelting was accomplished in S1 at the discharge gate to collect non ferrous metal smelting slag simultaneously, with non ferrous metal smelting slag, reductant, flux, binder according to the weight ratio intensive mixing, non ferrous metal smelting slag, reductant, flux, binder are according to weight ratio 1: 0.2: 0.3: 0.1, the used reducing agent is coke powder, the fusing agent is limestone and the binding agent is starch; air-drying the obtained mixture, then placing the mixture into a heating furnace, heating the mixture to 800-1300 ℃ for 10-30 minutes, and reducing the mixture; the purpose of this step is to get the metal pellet with metallization rate of 85% -93%, the mixture finishes preheating, heating, reducing process mainly under this temperature;
s3: heating the reduction product obtained in S2 to 1500-1700 ℃ to obtain the residue of the product, and putting the obtained residue into water to be converted into cement clinker; the concrete step of converting the slag water into the cement clinker is that the slag water flows into a slag pot, a heat source is arranged in the slag pot, the heat source is set to 1600-1650 ℃, calcium fluoride is blown into the bottom of the slag pot by adopting gas, and the cement clinker can be obtained after reaction for 30-60 minutes.
The non-ferrous metal smelting device in the S1 comprises a working box, a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a motor and a controller; the controller is used for controlling the non-ferrous metal smelting device to work; the feed inlet and the discharge outlet are both provided with electric valves; the motor is positioned at the top of the working box, and the output end of the motor penetrates through the top of the working box and extends into the working box; the working box is internally provided with a crushing unit, the crushing unit is used for crushing nonferrous metals, and the crushing unit comprises an electromagnetic disc, a crushing disc and a crushing shaft; the electromagnetic disc is connected with the output end of the motor through a spring, a first filter plate is arranged below the crushing disc, a second filter plate is arranged below the first filter plate, the first filter plate is connected with the inner wall of the working box in a sliding mode, and the second filter plate is fixedly connected with the working box; the crushing disc is connected with the first filter plate through a fixing rod, the section structure of the crushing disc is in a concave shape, the electromagnetic disc is positioned in the crushing disc, a gap is reserved between the electromagnetic disc and the crushing disc, crushing teeth are arranged on the outer surface of the electromagnetic disc and the inner surface of the crushing disc, and the motor drives the crushing teeth on the crushing disc to crush nonferrous metals when rotating; a first electric contact is arranged above the electromagnetic disc, a second electric contact is arranged inside the bottom of the working box, the electromagnetic disc rotates to drive the first electric contact to rotate, the first electric contact rotates for a circle to be contacted with the second electric contact once, and the electromagnetic disc is electrified once to impact the crushing disc once; the crushing shaft is arranged on the outer side of the crushing disc and symmetrically arranged by taking the output end of the motor as a reference, a hollow cavity is formed in the crushing shaft, the crushing shaft is rotatably connected with the working box through a hollow shaft, a rigid rope is wound on the part of the hollow shaft, which is positioned outside the working box, the rigid rope is wound on the hollow shaft and then wound on the output end of the motor, and the rotating direction of the rigid rope on the hollow shaft is opposite to that of the rigid rope on the output end of the motor; the motor drives the crushing shaft to rotate reversely when rotating; the crushing shaft is uniformly provided with crushing rods, and the crushing rods are provided with felts which are used for adsorbing dust on the surface of the nonferrous metal; through holes are uniformly formed in the first filter plate and the second filter plate, an electric valve is arranged in the through hole of the second filter plate, double-head cylinders are uniformly arranged between the first filter plate and the second filter plate, and grinding teeth are arranged between adjacent double-head cylinders; when the electromagnetic disc impacts the crushing disc, the grinding teeth grind nonferrous metal between the first filter plate and the second filter plate when the first filter plate moves downwards, a guide plate is arranged below the second filter plate, the guide plate is symmetrically arranged by taking the output end of the motor as a reference, a guide cylinder is arranged below the guide plate, an electric valve is arranged in the guide cylinder, a smelting chamber is arranged below the guide cylinder, and the nonferrous metal enters the smelting chamber through the guide plate and the guide cylinder to be smelted; the gas discharged when the output end of the double-head cylinder is compressed enters the smelting chamber; one side of the smelting chamber is provided with a first air pipe, one end of the first air pipe is communicated with the smelting chamber, and the other end of the first air pipe is communicated with a closed space formed by a second filter plate and a working box; waste gas with heat generated in the smelting chamber enters a closed space formed by the second filter plate and the working box to preheat non-ferrous metals to be smelted; the motor drives the electromagnetic disc to rotate, the electromagnetic disc drives the crushing teeth on the electromagnetic disc to rotate to crush nonferrous metals while rotating, the electromagnetic disc rotates for a circle, the first electric contact and the second electric contact are contacted once, so that the electromagnetic disc is electrified to impact the crushing disc once, the nonferrous metals between the electromagnetic disc and the crushing disc can be crushed once the electromagnetic disc and the crushing disc are impacted once, the efficiency of crushing the nonferrous metals is improved, meanwhile, the motor drives the crushing bar to rotate reversely when rotating, and the crushing bar can further improve the crushing efficiency of the nonferrous metals on the one hand when rotating reversely; on the other hand, the felt on the crushing rod can adsorb dust on the surface of non-ferrous metal, so that the effect of non-ferrous metal smelting is improved.
Starting a motor, opening an electric valve of a feed inlet, putting non-ferrous metal to be smelted into the feed inlet from a scrap port, closing the electric valve of the feed inlet, driving an electromagnetic disc to rotate when the motor is started, driving crushing teeth on the electromagnetic disc to crush the non-ferrous metal when the electromagnetic disc rotates, driving a crushing shaft to rotate in reverse when a first electric contact is in contact with a second electric contact when the electromagnetic disc rotates, electrifying the electromagnetic disc to enable the electromagnetic disc to impact the crushing disc, crushing the non-ferrous metal between the electromagnetic disc and the crushing disc, improving the crushing effect of the non-ferrous metal, driving the crushing shaft to rotate in reverse when the motor rotates, crushing a crushing rod to crush the non-ferrous metal between the crushing disc and the crushing shaft when the crushing shaft rotates in reverse, crushing the non-ferrous metal at the side wall of a work box when the crushing rod rotates, and adsorbing dust on the surface of the, along with the continuous rotation of the electromagnetic disc, the crushing disc and the crushing shaft, the crushed nonferrous metal falls from the through hole on the first filter plate, when the electromagnetic disc impacts the crushing disc, the impact force of the electromagnetic disc on the crushing disc pushes the first filter plate to move downwards, and the grinding teeth on the first filter plate are driven to be matched with the grinding teeth on the second filter plate in the process that the first filter plate moves downwards to grind the nonferrous metal between the first filter plate and the second filter plate, so that the crushing effect of the nonferrous metal is further improved; after the motor rotates for a period of time, the electric valve on the second filter plate is opened, the crushed non-ferrous metal enters the smelting chamber through the guide plate and the guide cylinder to start smelting, and gas generated when the double-head cylinder moves downwards on the first filter plate enters the smelting chamber, so that the smelting of the non-ferrous metal in the smelting chamber can be accelerated; at the moment, an electric valve on the second filter plate is closed, an electric valve at the feeding hole is opened, the non-ferrous metal to be smelted is placed again, and the steps are repeated to crush the non-ferrous metal; at the moment, waste gas with heat generated during smelting of the nonferrous metal in the smelting chamber preheats the nonferrous metal which is just crushed through a first gas pipe; the indoor non ferrous metal of smelting is discharged through the discharge gate after smelting and is collected to collect look metal smelting slag simultaneously, with non ferrous metal smelting slag, reductant, flux, binder according to the weight ratio intensive mixing, non ferrous metal smelting slag, reductant, flux, binder are according to weight ratio 1: 0.2: 0.3: 0.1, the used reducing agent is coke powder, the fusing agent is limestone and the binding agent is starch; air-drying the obtained mixture, then placing the mixture into a heating furnace, heating the mixture to 800-1300 ℃ for 10-30 minutes, reducing the mixture to obtain metal pellets with the metallization rate of 85% -93%, then heating the reduction product to 1500-1700 ℃ to obtain product residues, and placing the obtained residues into water to be converted into cement clinker; the concrete step of converting the slag water into the cement clinker is that the slag water flows into a slag pot, a heat source is arranged in the slag pot, the heat source is set to 1600-1650 ℃, calcium fluoride is blown into the bottom of the slag pot by adopting gas, and the cement clinker can be obtained after reaction for 30-60 minutes.
Preferably, the outer side of the smelting chamber is coated with a layer of heat preservation cavity, one side of the smelting chamber, which is far away from the first air pipe, is provided with an air outlet, the air outlet is communicated with the heat preservation cavity, and waste gas with heat generated by smelting in the smelting chamber enters the heat preservation cavity from the air outlet to preserve heat of the smelting chamber; a through hole is formed in the part, located in the heat insulation cavity, of the first air pipe, and waste gas in the heat insulation cavity is discharged from the first air pipe; according to the invention, the heat preservation cavity is coated outside the smelting chamber and is communicated with the smelting chamber through the air outlet, so that waste gas with heat generated by non-ferrous metal smelting can enter the heat preservation cavity to preserve heat of the smelting chamber, thus not only improving the working efficiency of the smelting chamber, but also improving the utilization rate of resources.
Preferably, iron sand is uniformly scattered in the heat-insulating cavity and used for absorbing heat in the waste gas; the iron sand can absorb most of heat in the waste gas containing heat, thereby further improving the heat preservation effect of the heat preservation cavity.
When the non-ferrous metal after smashing is smelted in the smelting room, the partial thermal waste gas that has of production gets into the heat preservation intracavity from the opening of smelting room one side, and the waste gas that has the heat keeps warm to the smelting room when passing through from the heat preservation intracavity, and the iron sand in the while heat preservation intracavity absorbs the heat and can increase the heat preservation effect in heat preservation chamber.
Preferably, one end of the guide plate is hinged with the side wall of the working box, the lower part of one end, far away from the side wall of the working box, of the guide plate is connected with the heat preservation cavity through a spring, and the guide plate is shaken by gravity generated when nonferrous metals pass on the guide plate; according to the invention, the spring is arranged below the guide plate, so that the guide plate shakes due to gravity when the crushed nonferrous metal passes through the guide plate, and the falling speed of the nonferrous metal can be accelerated.
Preferably, the outer side of the working box is provided with a gas purification unit, the gas purification unit is used for treating waste gas generated by non-ferrous metal smelting, and the gas purification unit comprises a gas purification box, a second gas pipe and a slaked lime placing box; the air purification box is fixedly connected with the working box, the bottom of the air purification box is communicated with the working box through an air outlet, a fixed plate and a piston plate are arranged in the air purification box, the piston plate is positioned above the fixed plate, an opening is formed in the fixed plate, a pressure valve is arranged at the opening, and the piston plate is connected with the top of the air purification box through a spring; one end of the second air pipe is communicated with the air purifying box, and the other end of the second air pipe is communicated with the slaked lime placing box; waste gas between the working box and the second filter plate is discharged through a second gas pipe and then enters a slaked lime placing box for purification; according to the invention, the gas purification unit is arranged, so that on one hand, the waste gas generated by smelting the non-ferrous metal is absorbed by the hydrated lime in the hydrated lime placing box, and the harmful gas can be prevented from polluting the environment; on the other hand, the power generated by the exhaust gas in the moving process can be utilized.
Preferably, a third air pipe is arranged on one side of the air purification box, which is far away from the second air pipe, the third air pipe is connected with the hollow shaft through a rotating ring, and a through hole is formed in the rotating ring; the gas in the third gas pipe enters a hollow cavity in the crushing shaft through the rotating ring and the hollow shaft; the crushing rod penetrates through the crushing shaft and is connected with the hollow cavity of the crushing shaft through a spring, and the part of the crushing rod, which is in contact with the crushing shaft, is in threaded transmission; when the hollow cavity of the crushing shaft is filled with gas, the crushing rod is pushed to move outwards, and the crushing rod rotates while moving outwards; according to the invention, the piston plate is pushed to move by the power generated when the waste gas instantly enters the gas purifying box, the compressed gas enters the hollow cavity of the crushing shaft when the piston plate moves to drive the crushing rod to move back and forth, and the crushing rod is in threaded transmission with the crushing shaft, so that the crushing rod starts to rotate when moving, the non-ferrous metal between adjacent crushing rods can be ground, and the crushing effect of the non-ferrous metal is further improved.
When waste gas generated by non-ferrous metal smelting in the smelting chamber continuously enters a space between the second filter plate and the working box, when the content of the waste gas in the space between the second filter plate and the working box reaches a peak value, the pressure valve on the fixed plate is opened, the waste gas instantaneously impacts the piston plate to enable gas between the piston plate and the gas purifying box to enter a hollow cavity of the crushing shaft through the third gas pipe, the gas enters the hollow cavity to drive the crushing rods to move back and forth, and the crushing rods rotate while moving back and forth due to the thread transmission between the crushing rods and the crushing shaft to grind non-ferrous metal between adjacent crushing rods; and the waste gas entering the gas purification box finally enters the slaked lime placing box through the second gas pipe to be absorbed, so that the waste gas is prevented from being discharged to pollute the environment.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the non-ferrous metal smelting process, non-ferrous metal smelting slag can be treated, the obtained product can be used for cement production, meanwhile, the process links are greatly reduced, dust and waste gas pollution is reduced, economic benefits are achieved, and meanwhile, the environment is protected.
2. According to the non-ferrous metal smelting process, the non-ferrous metal smelting device used in the process is high in smelting efficiency, the non-ferrous metal can be crushed before non-ferrous metal smelting by designing the crushing unit, and dust on the surface of the non-ferrous metal can be adsorbed by the felt on the crushing rod when the non-ferrous metal is crushed, so that the smelting effect of the non-ferrous metal is improved.
3. According to the non-ferrous metal smelting process, the non-ferrous metal smelting device used in the process is continuous in action and high in resource utilization rate, and the grinding teeth can be driven to grind non-ferrous metals by power generated by impacting the grinding disc through the electromagnetic disc, so that the grinding effect of the non-ferrous metals is further improved; the waste gas with heat generated in the process of smelting non-ferrous metals can be used for preserving heat of the smelting chamber, so that the working efficiency of the smelting chamber is improved.
4. According to the non-ferrous metal smelting process, the non-ferrous metal smelting device used in the process is low in pollution, and the waste gas generated by non-ferrous metal smelting can be absorbed and treated by designing the gas purification unit, so that the waste gas is prevented from being directly discharged into the atmosphere to pollute the environment.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a non-ferrous metal smelting unit in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view from A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at B;
in the figure: work box 1, motor 2, crushing unit 3, electromagnetic disc 31, crushing dish 32, crushing axle 33, hollow shaft 331, filter 34, double-end cylinder 341, grinding tooth 342, No. two filter 35, crushing tooth 36, No. one electric contact 37, No. two electric contact 38, crushing stick 39, rigidity rope 4, guide plate 5, draft tube 51, smelt room 6, No. one trachea 61, heat preservation chamber 62, gas purification unit 7, gas purification case 71, No. two trachea 72, slaked lime placement box 73, fixed plate 74, piston plate 75, No. three trachea 8.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the non-ferrous metal smelting process of the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting the non-ferrous metal by using a non-ferrous metal smelting device;
s2: collect the non ferrous metal that the smelting was accomplished in S1 at the discharge gate to collect non ferrous metal smelting slag simultaneously, with non ferrous metal smelting slag, reductant, flux, binder according to the weight ratio intensive mixing, non ferrous metal smelting slag, reductant, flux, binder are according to weight ratio 1: 0.2: 0.3: 0.1, the used reducing agent is coke powder, the fusing agent is limestone and the binding agent is starch; air-drying the obtained mixture, then placing the mixture into a heating furnace, heating the mixture to 800-1300 ℃ for 10-30 minutes, and reducing the mixture; the purpose of this step is to get the metal pellet with metallization rate of 85% -93%, the mixture finishes preheating, heating, reducing process mainly under this temperature;
s3: heating the reduction product obtained in S2 to 1500-1700 ℃ to obtain the residue of the product, and putting the obtained residue into water to be converted into cement clinker; the concrete step of converting the slag water into the cement clinker is that the slag water flows into a slag pot, a heat source is arranged in the slag pot, the heat source is set to 1600-1650 ℃, calcium fluoride is blown into the bottom of the slag pot by adopting gas, and the cement clinker can be obtained after reaction for 30-60 minutes.
The non-ferrous metal smelting device in S1 comprises a working box 1, a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a motor 2 and a controller; the controller is used for controlling the non-ferrous metal smelting device to work; the feed inlet and the discharge outlet are both provided with electric valves; the motor 2 is positioned at the top of the working box 1, and the output end of the motor penetrates through the top of the working box 1 and extends into the working box 1; the working box 1 is internally provided with a crushing unit 3, the crushing unit 3 is used for crushing nonferrous metals, and the crushing unit 3 comprises an electromagnetic disc 31, a crushing disc 32 and a crushing shaft 33; the electromagnetic disc 31 is connected with the output end of the motor 2 through a spring, a first filter plate 34 is arranged below the crushing disc 32, a second filter plate 35 is arranged below the first filter plate 34, the first filter plate 34 is connected with the inner wall of the working box 1 in a sliding mode, and the second filter plate 35 is fixedly connected with the working box 1; the crushing disc 32 is connected with the first filter plate 34 through a fixing rod, the section structure of the crushing disc 32 is in a concave shape, the electromagnetic disc 31 is positioned in the crushing disc 32, a gap is reserved between the electromagnetic disc 31 and the crushing disc 32, crushing teeth 36 are arranged on the outer surface of the electromagnetic disc 31 and the inner surface of the crushing disc 32, and the motor 2 drives the crushing teeth 36 on the crushing disc 32 to crush nonferrous metals when rotating; a first electric contact 37 is arranged above the electromagnetic disc 31, a second electric contact 38 is arranged inside the bottom of the working box 1, the electromagnetic disc 31 rotates to drive the first electric contact 37 to rotate, the first electric contact 37 rotates for a circle to be contacted with the second electric contact 38 once, and the electromagnetic disc 31 is electrified once, namely, the electromagnetic disc 32 is impacted once; the crushing shaft 33 is arranged outside the crushing disc 32, the crushing shaft 33 is symmetrically arranged by taking the output end of the motor 2 as a reference, a hollow cavity is formed in the crushing shaft 33, the crushing shaft 33 is rotatably connected with the working box 1 through a hollow shaft 331, a rigid rope 4 is wound on the part of the hollow shaft 331, which is positioned outside the working box 1, the rigid rope 4 is wound on the hollow shaft 331 and the output end of the motor 2, and the rotating direction of the rigid rope 4 on the hollow shaft 331 is opposite to that of the rigid rope 4 on the output end of the motor 2; the motor 2 drives the crushing shaft 33 to rotate reversely when rotating; the crushing shaft 33 is uniformly provided with crushing rods 39, and the crushing rods 39 are provided with felts which are used for adsorbing dust on the surface of the nonferrous metal; through holes are uniformly formed in the first filter plate 34 and the second filter plate 35, an electric valve is arranged in the through hole of the second filter plate 35, double-head cylinders 341 are uniformly arranged between the first filter plate 34 and the second filter plate 35, and grinding teeth 342 are arranged between adjacent double-head cylinders 341; when the electromagnetic disc 31 impacts the crushing disc 32, when the first filter plate 34 moves downwards, the grinding teeth 342 grind the nonferrous metal between the first filter plate 34 and the second filter plate 35, a guide plate 5 is arranged below the second filter plate 35, the guide plate 5 is symmetrically arranged by taking the output end of the motor 2 as a reference, a guide cylinder 51 is arranged below the guide plate 5, an electric valve is arranged in the guide cylinder 51, a smelting chamber 6 is arranged below the guide cylinder 51, and the nonferrous metal enters the smelting chamber 6 through the guide plate 5 and the guide cylinder 51 for smelting; the gas discharged when the output end of the double-head cylinder 341 is compressed enters the smelting chamber 6; one side of the smelting chamber 6 is provided with a first air pipe 61, one end of the first air pipe 61 is communicated with the smelting chamber 6, and the other end of the first air pipe 61 and a closed space formed by the second filter plate 35 and the working box 1 are communicated; waste gas with heat generated in the smelting chamber 6 enters a closed space formed by the second filter plate 35 and the working box 1 to preheat non-ferrous metals to be smelted; the motor 2 drives the electromagnetic disc 31 to rotate, the electromagnetic disc 31 drives the crushing teeth 36 on the electromagnetic disc 31 to rotate to crush nonferrous metals while rotating, the electromagnetic disc 31 rotates for a circle, the first electric contact 37 and the second electric contact 38 contact once, so that the electromagnetic disc 31 is electrified to impact the crushing disc 32 once, the nonferrous metals between the electromagnetic disc 31 and the crushing disc 32 can be crushed by impacting the electromagnetic disc 31 and the crushing disc 32 once, the efficiency of crushing the nonferrous metals is improved, meanwhile, the motor 2 drives the crushing and crushing rod 39 to rotate reversely when rotating, and the crushing rod 39 can further improve the crushing efficiency of the nonferrous metals when rotating reversely; on the other hand, the felt on the crushing rod 39 can adsorb dust on the surface of non-ferrous metal, so that the effect of non-ferrous metal smelting is improved.
Starting the motor 2, opening the electric valve at the feed inlet, putting the non-ferrous metal to be smelted into the feed inlet from the scrap opening, closing the electric valve at the feed inlet, driving the electromagnetic disc 31 to rotate when the motor 2 is started, driving the crushing teeth 36 on the electromagnetic disc 31 to crush the non-ferrous metal when the electromagnetic disc 31 rotates, driving the crushing shaft 33 to reversely rotate when the first electric contact 37 contacts with the second electric contact 38 when the electromagnetic disc 31 is electrified to make the first electromagnetic disc 31 impact the crushing disc 32 when the electromagnetic disc 31 rotates, crushing the non-ferrous metal between the electromagnetic disc 31 and the crushing disc 32, improving the crushing effect of the non-ferrous metal, driving the crushing shaft 33 to reversely rotate when the motor 2 rotates, crushing the non-ferrous metal between the crushing disc 32 and the crushing shaft 33 when the crushing shaft 33 reversely rotates, crushing the non-ferrous metal at the side wall of the work box 1 when the crushing rod 39 rotates, the felt on the grinding rod 39 adsorbs dust on the surface of the nonferrous metal, the grinded nonferrous metal falls from the through hole on the first filter plate 34 along with the continuous rotation of the electromagnetic disc 31, the grinding disc 32 and the grinding shaft 33, when the electromagnetic disc 31 impacts the grinding disc 32, the impact force of the electromagnetic disc 31 on the grinding disc 32 pushes the first filter plate 34 to move downwards, the grinding teeth 342 on the first filter plate 34 and the grinding teeth 342 on the second filter plate 35 are matched to grind the nonferrous metal between the first filter plate 34 and the second filter plate 35 in the downward movement process of the first filter plate 34, and the grinding effect of the nonferrous metal is further improved; after the motor 2 rotates for a period of time, the electric valve on the second filter plate 35 is opened, the crushed non-ferrous metal enters the smelting chamber 6 through the guide plate 5 and the guide cylinder 51 to start smelting, and the gas generated when the double-head cylinder 341 moves downwards on the first filter plate 34 enters the smelting chamber 6, so that the smelting of the non-ferrous metal in the smelting chamber 6 can be accelerated; at the moment, the electric valve on the second filter plate 35 is closed, the electric valve at the feeding hole is opened, the non-ferrous metal to be smelted is put into the electric valve again, and the steps are repeated to crush the non-ferrous metal; at this time, waste gas with heat generated during smelting of the nonferrous metal in the smelting chamber 6 preheats the nonferrous metal which is just crushed through the first gas pipe 61; the non ferrous metal in the smelting room 6 is discharged through the discharge gate after smelting and is collected to collect look metal-smelting slag simultaneously, with non ferrous metal-smelting slag, reductant, flux, binder according to the weight ratio intensive mixing, non ferrous metal-smelting slag, reductant, flux, binder are according to weight ratio 1: 0.2: 0.3: 0.1, the used reducing agent is coke powder, the fusing agent is limestone and the binding agent is starch; air-drying the obtained mixture, then placing the mixture into a heating furnace, heating the mixture to 800-1300 ℃ for 10-30 minutes, reducing the mixture to obtain metal pellets with the metallization rate of 85% -93%, then heating the reduction product to 1500-1700 ℃ to obtain product residues, and placing the obtained residues into water to be converted into cement clinker; the concrete step of converting the slag water into the cement clinker is that the slag water flows into a slag pot, a heat source is arranged in the slag pot, the heat source is set to 1600-1650 ℃, calcium fluoride is blown into the bottom of the slag pot by adopting gas, and the cement clinker can be obtained after reaction for 30-60 minutes.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the outer side of the smelting chamber 6 is coated with a layer of heat preservation cavity 62, one side of the smelting chamber 6, which is far away from the first air pipe 61, is provided with an air outlet, the air outlet is communicated with the heat preservation cavity 62, and waste gas with heat generated by smelting in the smelting chamber 6 enters the heat preservation cavity 62 from the air outlet to preserve heat of the smelting chamber 6; a through hole is formed in the part, located in the heat preservation cavity 62, of the first air pipe 61, and waste gas in the heat preservation cavity 62 is discharged from the first air pipe 61; according to the invention, the heat preservation cavity 62 is coated on the outer side of the smelting chamber 6, and the heat preservation cavity 62 is communicated with the smelting chamber 6 through the air outlet, so that waste gas with heat generated by non-ferrous metal smelting can enter the heat preservation cavity 62 to preserve heat of the smelting chamber 6, thus not only improving the working efficiency of the smelting chamber 6, but also improving the utilization rate of resources.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, iron sand is uniformly scattered in the heat preservation cavity 62, and the iron sand is used for absorbing heat in the exhaust gas; the iron sand can absorb most of heat in the waste gas containing heat, thereby further improving the heat preservation effect of the heat preservation cavity 62.
When the pulverized non-ferrous metal is smelted in the smelting chamber 6, the generated partial waste gas with heat enters the heat preservation cavity 62 from the opening at one side of the smelting chamber 6, the waste gas with heat keeps warm for the smelting chamber 6 when passing through the heat preservation cavity 62, and meanwhile, the iron sand in the heat preservation cavity 62 absorbs heat to increase the heat preservation effect of the heat preservation cavity 62.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, one end of the guide plate 5 is hinged with the side wall of the working box 1, the lower part of one end of the guide plate 5 far away from the side wall of the working box 1 is connected with the heat preservation cavity 62 through a spring, and the guide plate 5 is shaken by the gravity generated when nonferrous metals pass on the guide plate 5; according to the invention, the spring is arranged below the guide plate 5, so that the guide plate 5 shakes due to gravity when the crushed nonferrous metal passes through the guide plate 5, and the falling speed of the nonferrous metal can be increased.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the outer side of the working box 1 is provided with a gas purifying unit 7, the gas purifying unit 7 is used for treating waste gas generated by non-ferrous metal smelting, and the gas purifying unit 7 comprises a gas purifying box 71, a second gas pipe 72 and a slaked lime placing box 73; the air purification box 71 is fixedly connected with the working box 1, the bottom of the air purification box 71 is communicated with the working box 1 through an air outlet, a fixed plate 74 and a piston plate 75 are arranged in the air purification box 71, the piston plate 75 is positioned above the fixed plate 74, an opening is formed in the fixed plate 74, a pressure valve is arranged at the opening, and the piston plate 75 is connected with the top of the air purification box 71 through a spring; one end of the second air pipe 72 is communicated with the purified air tank 71, and the other end is communicated with the slaked lime containing tank 73; the waste gas between the working box 1 and the second filter plate 35 is discharged through a second air pipe 72 and then enters a slaked lime placing box 73 for purification; according to the invention, by arranging the gas purifying unit 7, on one hand, waste gas generated by non-ferrous metal smelting is absorbed by the hydrated lime in the hydrated lime placing box 73, so that harmful gas can be prevented from polluting the environment; on the other hand, the power generated by the exhaust gas in the moving process can be utilized.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a third air pipe 8 is disposed on one side of the air purification box 71 away from the second air pipe 72, the third air pipe 8 is connected to the hollow shaft 331 through a swivel, and a through hole is disposed in the swivel; the gas in the third gas pipe 8 enters the hollow cavity in the crushing shaft 33 through the rotating ring and the hollow shaft 331; the crushing rod 39 penetrates through the crushing shaft 33 and is connected with the hollow cavity of the crushing shaft 33 through a spring, and the part of the crushing rod 39, which is in contact with the crushing shaft 33, is in threaded transmission; when the hollow cavity of the crushing shaft 33 is filled with gas, the crushing rod 39 is pushed to move outwards, and the crushing rod 39 rotates while moving outwards; according to the invention, the piston plate 75 is pushed to move by the power generated when the waste gas enters the gas purification box 71 instantly, the compressed gas enters the hollow cavity of the crushing shaft 33 when the piston plate 75 moves to drive the crushing rod 39 to move back and forth, and the crushing rod 39 is in threaded transmission with the crushing shaft 33, so that the crushing rod 39 starts to rotate when moving, the non-ferrous metal between the adjacent crushing rods 39 can be ground, and the crushing effect of the non-ferrous metal is further improved.
When waste gas generated by non-ferrous metal smelting in the smelting chamber 6 continuously enters a space between the second filter plate 35 and the working box 1, when the content of the waste gas in the space between the second filter plate 35 and the working box 1 reaches a peak value, the pressure valve on the fixed plate 74 is opened, the waste gas instantaneously impacts the piston plate 75 to enable gas between the piston plate 75 and the air purifying box 71 to enter a hollow cavity of the crushing shaft 33 through the third air pipe 8, the gas enters the hollow cavity to drive the crushing rods 39 to move back and forth, and the crushing rods 39 rotate while moving back and forth due to thread transmission between the crushing rods 39 and the crushing shaft 33, so that non-ferrous metal between adjacent crushing rods 39 is ground; and the waste gas entering the gas purifying box 71 finally enters the slaked lime placing box 73 through the second gas pipe 72 to be absorbed, so that the waste gas is prevented from being discharged to pollute the environment.
When in use, the motor 2 is started, the electric valve at the feed inlet is opened, non-ferrous metal to be smelted is put into the electric valve at the feed inlet from a waste material port, the electric valve at the feed inlet is closed, the electric magnetic disc 31 is driven to rotate when the motor 2 is started, the electric magnetic disc 31 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the electric magnetic disc 31, the non-ferrous metal is crushed by the crushing teeth 36 on the electric magnetic disc 31, meanwhile, when the electric magnetic disc 31 rotates, the first electric contact 37 is in contact with the second electric contact 38, the first electric magnetic disc 31 is electrified to enable the first electric magnetic disc 31 to impact the crushing disc 32, the non-ferrous metal between the electric magnetic disc 31 and the crushing disc 32 can be crushed, the crushing effect of the non-ferrous metal is improved, the motor 2 drives the crushing shaft 33 to rotate in the reverse direction, the crushing rod 39 can crush the non-ferrous metal between the crushing disc 32 and the crushing shaft, the felt on the grinding rod 39 adsorbs dust on the surface of the nonferrous metal, the grinded nonferrous metal falls from the through hole on the first filter plate 34 along with the continuous rotation of the electromagnetic disc 31, the grinding disc 32 and the grinding shaft 33, when the electromagnetic disc 31 impacts the grinding disc 32, the impact force of the electromagnetic disc 31 on the grinding disc 32 pushes the first filter plate 34 to move downwards, the grinding teeth 342 on the first filter plate 34 and the grinding teeth 342 on the second filter plate 35 are matched to grind the nonferrous metal between the first filter plate 34 and the second filter plate 35 in the downward movement process of the first filter plate 34, and the grinding effect of the nonferrous metal is further improved; after the motor 2 rotates for a period of time, the electric valve on the second filter plate 35 is opened, the crushed non-ferrous metal enters the smelting chamber 6 through the guide plate 5 and the guide cylinder 51 to start smelting, and the gas generated when the double-head cylinder 341 moves downwards on the first filter plate 34 enters the smelting chamber 6, so that the smelting of the non-ferrous metal in the smelting chamber 6 can be accelerated; at the moment, the electric valve on the second filter plate 35 is closed, the electric valve at the feeding hole is opened, the non-ferrous metal to be smelted is put into the electric valve again, and the steps are repeated to crush the non-ferrous metal; at this time, waste gas with heat generated during smelting of the nonferrous metal in the smelting chamber 6 preheats the nonferrous metal which is just crushed through the first gas pipe 61; when the crushed nonferrous metal is smelted in the smelting chamber 6, part of the generated waste gas with heat enters the heat preservation cavity 62 from the opening at one side of the smelting chamber 6, the waste gas with heat keeps the temperature of the smelting chamber 6 when passing through the heat preservation cavity 62, and meanwhile, the iron sand in the heat preservation cavity 62 absorbs the heat to increase the heat preservation effect of the heat preservation cavity 62; when waste gas generated by non-ferrous metal smelting in the smelting chamber 6 continuously enters a space between the second filter plate 35 and the working box 1, when the content of the waste gas in the space between the second filter plate 35 and the working box 1 reaches a peak value, the pressure valve on the fixed plate 74 is opened, the waste gas instantaneously impacts the piston plate 75 to enable gas between the piston plate 75 and the air purifying box 71 to enter a hollow cavity of the crushing shaft 33 through the third air pipe 8, the gas enters the hollow cavity to drive the crushing rods 39 to move back and forth, and the crushing rods 39 rotate while moving back and forth due to thread transmission between the crushing rods 39 and the crushing shaft 33, so that non-ferrous metal between adjacent crushing rods 39 is ground; the waste gas entering the gas purifying box 71 finally enters the slaked lime placing box 73 through the second gas pipe 72 to be absorbed, so that the waste gas is prevented from being discharged to pollute the environment; the non-ferrous metal is discharged and collected through a discharge hole after being smelted in the smelting chamber, meanwhile, the colored metal smelting slag is collected, the non-ferrous metal smelting slag, the reducing agent, the flux and the binder are fully mixed according to the weight ratio, and the non-ferrous metal smelting slag, the reducing agent, the flux and the binder are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.2: 0.3: 0.1, the used reducing agent is coke powder, the fusing agent is limestone and the binding agent is starch; air-drying the obtained mixture, then placing the mixture into a heating furnace, heating the mixture to 800-1300 ℃ for 10-30 minutes, reducing the mixture to obtain metal pellets with the metallization rate of 85% -93%, then heating the reduction product to 1500-1700 ℃ to obtain product residues, and placing the obtained residues into water to be converted into cement clinker; the concrete step of converting the slag water into the cement clinker is that the slag water flows into a slag pot, a heat source is arranged in the slag pot, the heat source is set to 1600-1650 ℃, calcium fluoride is blown into the bottom of the slag pot by adopting gas, and the cement clinker can be obtained after reaction for 30-60 minutes.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (1)

1. A non-ferrous metal smelting process is characterized in that: the process comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting the non-ferrous metal by using a non-ferrous metal smelting device;
s2: collect the non ferrous metal that the smelting was accomplished in S1 at the discharge gate to collect non ferrous metal smelting slag simultaneously, with non ferrous metal smelting slag, reductant, flux, binder according to the weight ratio intensive mixing, non ferrous metal smelting slag, reductant, flux, binder are according to weight ratio 1: 0.2: 0.3: 0.1, the used reducing agent is coke powder, the fusing agent is limestone and the binding agent is starch; air-drying the obtained mixture, then placing the mixture into a heating furnace, heating the mixture to 800-1300 ℃ for 10-30 minutes, and reducing the mixture;
s3: heating the reduction product obtained in S2 to 1500-1700 ℃ to obtain the residue of the product, and putting the obtained residue into water to be converted into cement clinker;
wherein the non-ferrous metal smelting device described in S1: comprises a work box (1), a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a motor (2) and a controller; the controller is used for controlling the non-ferrous metal smelting device to work; the feed inlet and the discharge outlet are both provided with electric valves; the motor (2) is positioned at the top of the working box (1), and the output end of the motor penetrates through the top of the working box (1) and extends into the working box (1); the working box (1) is internally provided with a crushing unit (3), the crushing unit (3) is used for crushing nonferrous metals, and the crushing unit (3) comprises an electromagnetic disc (31), a crushing disc (32) and a crushing shaft (33); the electromagnetic disc (31) is connected with the output end of the motor (2) through a spring, a first filter plate (34) is arranged below the crushing disc (32), a second filter plate (35) is arranged below the first filter plate (34), the first filter plate (34) is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the working box (1), and the second filter plate (35) is fixedly connected with the working box (1); the crushing disc (32) is connected with the first filter plate (34) through a fixing rod, the section structure of the crushing disc (32) is in a concave shape, the electromagnetic disc (31) is positioned in the crushing disc (32), a gap is reserved between the electromagnetic disc and the crushing disc (32), crushing teeth (36) are arranged on the outer surface of the electromagnetic disc (31) and the inner surface of the crushing disc (32), and the motor (2) drives the crushing teeth (36) on the crushing disc (32) to crush nonferrous metals when rotating; a first electric contact (37) is arranged above the electromagnetic disc (31), a second electric contact (38) is arranged inside the bottom of the working box (1), the electromagnetic disc (31) rotates to drive the first electric contact (37) to rotate, the first electric contact (37) rotates for a circle to be contacted with the second electric contact (38) once, and the electromagnetic disc (31) is electrified once to impact the crushing disc (32) once; the crushing shaft (33) is arranged on the outer side of the crushing disc (32), the crushing shaft (33) is symmetrically arranged by taking the output end of the motor (2) as a reference, a hollow cavity is formed in the crushing shaft (33), the crushing shaft (33) is rotatably connected with the working box (1) through a hollow shaft (331), a rigid rope (4) is wound on the part of the hollow shaft (331) located outside the working box (1), the rigid rope (4) is wound with the hollow shaft (331) and then wound with the output end of the motor (2), and the rotating direction of the rigid rope (4) on the hollow shaft (331) is opposite to the rotating direction of the rigid rope (4) on the output end of the motor (2); when the motor (2) rotates, the crushing shaft (33) is driven to rotate reversely; the crushing shaft (33) is uniformly provided with crushing rods (39), and the crushing rods (39) are provided with felts which are used for adsorbing dust on the surfaces of the nonferrous metals; through holes are uniformly formed in the first filter plate (34) and the second filter plate (35), an electric valve is arranged in the through hole of the second filter plate (35), double-head cylinders (341) are uniformly arranged between the first filter plate (34) and the second filter plate (35), and grinding teeth (342) are arranged between adjacent double-head cylinders (341); when the electromagnetic disc (31) impacts the crushing disc (32), the grinding teeth (342) grind the non-ferrous metal between the first filter plate (34) and the second filter plate (35) when the first filter plate (34) moves downwards, a guide plate (5) is arranged below the second filter plate (35), the guide plate (5) is symmetrically arranged by taking the output end of the motor (2) as a reference, a guide cylinder (51) is arranged below the guide plate (5), an electric valve is arranged in the guide cylinder (51), a smelting chamber (6) is arranged below the guide cylinder (51), and the non-ferrous metal enters the smelting chamber (6) through the guide plate (5) and the guide cylinder (51) to be smelted; the gas discharged when the output end of the double-head cylinder (341) is compressed enters the smelting chamber (6); one side of the smelting chamber (6) is provided with a first air pipe (61), one end of the first air pipe (61) is communicated with the smelting chamber (6), and the other end of the first air pipe and a closed space formed by the second filter plate (35) and the working box (1) are communicated; waste gas with heat generated in the smelting chamber (6) enters a closed space formed by the second filter plate (35) and the working box (1) to preheat non-ferrous metals to be smelted;
one end of the guide plate (5) is hinged with the side wall of the working box (1), the lower part of one end, far away from the side wall of the working box (1), of the guide plate (5) is connected with the heat preservation cavity (62) through a spring, and the guide plate (5) is shaken by gravity generated when nonferrous metals pass on the guide plate (5);
a layer of heat preservation cavity (62) is coated on the outer side of the smelting chamber (6), an air outlet is formed in one side, away from the first air pipe (61), of the smelting chamber (6), the air outlet is communicated with the heat preservation cavity (62), and waste gas with heat generated by smelting in the smelting chamber (6) enters the heat preservation cavity (62) from the air outlet to preserve heat of the smelting chamber (6); a through hole is formed in the part, located in the heat preservation cavity (62), of the first air pipe (61), and waste gas in the heat preservation cavity (62) is discharged from the first air pipe (61);
iron sand is uniformly scattered in the heat preservation cavity (62), and the iron sand is used for adsorbing heat in waste gas;
the outer side of the working box (1) is provided with a gas purification unit (7), the gas purification unit (7) is used for treating waste gas generated by non-ferrous metal smelting, and the gas purification unit (7) comprises a gas purification box (71), a second gas pipe (72) and a slaked lime placing box (73); the air purification box (71) is fixedly connected with the working box (1), the bottom of the air purification box (71) is communicated with the working box (1) through an air outlet, a fixed plate (74) and a piston plate (75) are arranged in the air purification box (71), the piston plate (75) is positioned above the fixed plate (74), an opening is formed in the fixed plate (74), a pressure valve is arranged at the opening, and the piston plate (75) is connected with the top of the air purification box (71) through a spring; one end of the second air pipe (72) is communicated with the purified gas box (71), and the other end is communicated with the slaked lime placing box (73); waste gas between the working box (1) and the second filter plate (35) is discharged through a second air pipe (72) and then enters a slaked lime placing box (73) for purification;
a third air pipe (8) is arranged on one side, away from the second air pipe (72), of the air purification box (71), the third air pipe (8) is connected with the hollow shaft (331) through a rotating ring, and a through hole is formed in the rotating ring; the gas in the third air pipe (8) enters a hollow cavity in the crushing shaft (33) through the rotating ring and the hollow shaft (331); the crushing rod (39) penetrates through the crushing shaft (33) and is connected with the hollow cavity of the crushing shaft (33) through a spring, and the part of the crushing rod (39) in contact with the crushing shaft (33) is in threaded transmission; when the hollow cavity of the crushing shaft (33) is filled with gas, the crushing rod (39) is pushed to move outwards, and the crushing rod (39) rotates while moving outwards;
an electric valve of a feed inlet is opened, non-ferrous metal to be smelted is put into the feed inlet from a scrap opening, the electric valve of the feed inlet is closed, a motor (2) drives an electric magnetic disc (31) to rotate when being started, the electric magnetic disc (31) rotates to drive crushing teeth (36) on the electric magnetic disc (31) to crush the non-ferrous metal, meanwhile, when an electric contact (37) is rotated and is contacted with a second electric contact (38), the first electric magnetic disc (31) is electrified to enable the first electric magnetic disc (31) to impact the crushing disc (32), the non-ferrous metal between the electric magnetic disc (31) and the crushing disc (32) can be crushed, the crushing effect of the non-ferrous metal is improved, the motor (2) drives the crushing shaft (33) to rotate in the reverse direction, and when the crushing shaft (33) rotates in the reverse direction, the crushing rod (39) can crush the non-ferrous metal between the crushing disc (32) and the crushing shaft (, the nonferrous metals positioned on the side wall of the working box (1) can be crushed while the crushing rod (39) rotates, the felt on the crushing rod (39) adsorbs the dust on the surface of the nonferrous metals, the crushed nonferrous metals fall from the through holes on the first filter plate (34) along with the continuous rotation of the electromagnetic disc (31), the crushing disc (32) and the crushing shaft (33), when the electromagnetic disc (31) impacts the crushing disc (32), the impact force of the electromagnetic disc (31) on the crushing disc (32) pushes the first filter plate (34) to move downwards, and the grinding teeth (342) on the first filter plate (34) are driven to be matched with the grinding teeth (342) on the second filter plate (35) to grind nonferrous metals between the first filter plate (34) and the second filter plate (35) in the process that the first filter plate (34) moves downwards, so that the crushing effect of the nonferrous metals is further improved; after the motor (2) rotates for a period of time, an electric valve on the second filter plate (35) is opened, the crushed non-ferrous metal enters the smelting chamber (6) through the guide plate (5) and the guide cylinder (51) to start smelting, and gas generated when the double-head cylinder (341) moves downwards in the first filter plate (34) enters the smelting chamber (6), so that the smelting of the non-ferrous metal in the smelting chamber (6) can be accelerated; at the moment, an electric valve on the second filter plate (35) is closed, an electric valve at the feeding hole is opened, the non-ferrous metal to be smelted is placed again, and the steps are repeated to crush the non-ferrous metal; at the moment, waste gas with heat generated during smelting of the nonferrous metal in the smelting chamber (6) preheats the nonferrous metal which is just crushed through a first gas pipe (61); when the crushed nonferrous metal is smelted in the smelting chamber (6), part of the generated waste gas with heat enters the heat preservation cavity (62) from the opening at one side of the smelting chamber (6), the waste gas with heat is preserved when passing through the heat preservation cavity (62) to preserve heat of the smelting chamber (6), and meanwhile, the iron sand in the heat preservation cavity (62) absorbs the heat to increase the heat preservation effect of the heat preservation cavity (62); when waste gas generated by non-ferrous metal smelting in the smelting chamber (6) continuously enters a space between the second filter plate (35) and the working box (1), when the content of the waste gas in the space between the second filter plate (35) and the working box (1) reaches a peak value, a pressure valve on the fixing plate (74) is opened, the waste gas instantaneously impacts the piston plate (75) to enable gas between the piston plate (75) and the air purifying box (71) to enter a hollow cavity of the crushing shaft (33) through the third air pipe (8), the gas enters the hollow cavity to drive the crushing rod (39) to move back and forth, and the crushing rod (39) rotates while moving back and forth due to the thread transmission between the crushing rod (39) and the crushing shaft (33) to grind non-ferrous metal between adjacent crushing rods (39); the waste gas entering the gas purifying box (71) finally enters a slaked lime placing box (73) through a second gas pipe (72) to be absorbed, so that the waste gas is prevented from being discharged to pollute the environment; the non-ferrous metal is discharged through a discharge hole after being smelted in the smelting chamber.
CN201811626993.8A 2018-12-28 2018-12-28 Non-ferrous metal smelting process Active CN109517993B (en)

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