CN109507820A - A kind of spatial light modulator - Google Patents
A kind of spatial light modulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN109507820A CN109507820A CN201811572379.8A CN201811572379A CN109507820A CN 109507820 A CN109507820 A CN 109507820A CN 201811572379 A CN201811572379 A CN 201811572379A CN 109507820 A CN109507820 A CN 109507820A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of optical device and optical systems, including one or more layers structure;The structure includes the upper substrate, middle dielectric layer, lower substrate set gradually;Middle dielectric layer is at least one layer;Between upper substrate and middle dielectric layer, birefringent material is filled between middle dielectric layer and lower substrate.The present invention can be achieved to realize phase-modulation while the change to incident light polarization direction, can also realize intensity and phase-modulation to incident light simultaneously in some application examples.Spatial light modulator can be improved to the response speed of modulated signal in the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical device fields, and in particular, to optical device and optical system.
Background technique
Patent document CN101323981A discloses a kind of borate-based Birefringent optical crystal and application thereof, these crystal
It is all uniaxial negative crystal, and in the birefringence numerical values recited of visible light wave range in 0.08-0.15 or so.This series of crystalline substance
Body is easy to cut, grinding, polishes and saves, not soluble in water, does not deliquesce, stable in the air, is suitable for production light communication element, example
Such as optoisolator, circulator, pattern displacement device, optical polariser and optical modulator etc..Especially for making various uses
Ahrens prism, phase delay device and electro-optical modulation device etc..These devices uses be crystal refractive index characteristic, especially
It is biggish birefringence.
Although the patent document can give the scheme that birefringent material can be applied to optical device, without open
The specific implementation of optical device.
Summary of the invention
For the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of optical device and optical systems.
A kind of optical device provided according to the present invention, including one or more layers structure;
The structure includes the upper substrate, middle dielectric layer, lower substrate set gradually;Middle dielectric layer is at least one layer;
Between upper substrate and middle dielectric layer, birefringent material is filled between middle dielectric layer and lower substrate.
Preferably, the birefringent material uses liquid crystal.
Preferably, middle dielectric layer is that conductive material or surface are formed with conductive layer.
Preferably, middle dielectric layer constitutes polarizing film or surface is formed with the film of polarization function.
Preferably, middle dielectric layer is multilayer, and adjacent middle dielectric layer central filler has birefringent material.
Preferably, any one of upper substrate, lower substrate, middle dielectric layer or Ren Duozhe have pixel voltage modulated
Ability and/or global voltage modulation capability.
Preferably, any one or a multiple surfaces carry out orientations as follows:
Surface of the upper substrate towards birefringent material;
Surface of the lower substrate towards birefringent material;
Surface of the middle dielectric layer towards upper substrate;
Surface of the middle dielectric layer towards lower substrate.
Preferably, as in lower surface the orientation at least one surface it is different from other surfaces:
Surface of the upper substrate towards birefringent material;
Surface of the lower substrate towards birefringent material;
Surface of the middle dielectric layer towards upper substrate;
Surface of the middle dielectric layer towards lower substrate.
Preferably, middle dielectric layer is transparent material.
Preferably, middle dielectric layer is ITO and/or TFT glass.
Preferably, upper substrate and/or lower substrate are ITO and/or TFT glass.
Preferably, upper substrate and/or lower substrate are wafers.
Preferably, the brilliant box between upper substrate and middle dielectric layer, the brilliant box between middle dielectric layer and lower substrate, such as
Under it is any or appoint different on many kinds of parameters:
Thickness;
Material;
Alignment direction;
Both end voltage;
Liquid crystal mode.
Preferably, the liquid crystal mode is at least one in ECB, TN, VAN, FLC.
Preferably, there is between the pixel of two sides corresponding relationship above and below middle dielectric layer.
Preferably, there is multilayer middle dielectric layer, for separating multilayer birefringent material.
A kind of optical device combination provided according to the present invention, including optical device described in muti-piece, the optical device
Overlapping up and down.
Preferably, the sum of the voltage that each layer of birefringent material two sides applies in a certain period of time is zero.
Preferably, the voltage applied on substrate and/or middle dielectric layer is analog signal.
Preferably, the voltage applied on substrate and/or middle dielectric layer is digital signal.
A kind of optical system provided according to the present invention, including control and drive system, the optical device;
Control and drive system, obtain data-signal, and driving optical device generates corresponding light modulation, and synchronous light source
And/or output synchronization signal.
A kind of optical system provided according to the present invention further includes carrying out with optical device including the optical device
Cooperate the coordination device of modulation, wherein the coordination device includes light source, polarizing film, PBS, lens, any in rotatory device
Kind appoints a variety of devices.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention can be achieved to realize phase-modulation while the change to incident light polarization direction, in some application examples also
It can be realized simultaneously the intensity and phase-modulation to incident light.
Spatial light modulator can be improved to the response speed of modulated signal in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 be an embodiment of the present invention structural schematic diagram, show upper substrate 1, lower substrate 2, middle dielectric layer 3 and
Intermediate liquid crystal layer 4;
Fig. 2 is one embodiment of the invention, and wherein lower substrate is applied voltage V by pixel respectively2×1y1-V2×1y5, upper substrate
And middle dielectric layer applies the voltage V an of entirety respectively1,Vcom;
Fig. 3 is another embodiment of the present invention, and wherein upper and lower base plate applies voltage by pixel respectively, and middle dielectric layer is applied
Add the voltage of an entirety;It is V that upper substrate, which applies voltage by pixel,1×1y1-V1×1y5;
Fig. 4 is one embodiment of the invention, and wherein lower substrate is transmission-type (such as TFT glass);
Fig. 5 is one embodiment of the invention, and wherein lower substrate is reflective (such as silicon-based wafer);
Fig. 6 is one embodiment of the invention, and wherein the upper layer of material between upper substrate and middle dielectric layer is by light incident light
Polarization direction rotate 45 °, subsurface material between lower substrate and middle dielectric layer realizes phase-modulation to incident light;
Fig. 7 is one embodiment of the invention, and wherein the upper layer of material between upper substrate and middle dielectric layer presses pixel pair
The polarization direction of light incident light is modulated (be added polarizing film then intensity modulated can be realized), lower substrate and middle dielectric layer it
Between subsurface material to incident light realize phase-modulation;
Fig. 8 is the comparison diagram in the direction of upper and lower base plate and intermediate medium layer surface orientation in one embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, several changes and improvements can also be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
A kind of optical device provided according to the present invention includes one or more layers structure;It include: upper base in the structure
Plate, lower substrate and at least one layer of middle dielectric layer;(it is also possible to centre when multilayered structure between upper substrate and middle dielectric layer
Between dielectric layer and middle dielectric layer), birefringent medium is filled between middle dielectric layer and lower substrate.Each layer of centre is by leading
The middle dielectric layer of electricity separates.
Apply voltage at least one among upper substrate, lower substrate and (applies voltage by pixel, every voltage can
With difference, such as LCoS wafer is as substrate or the substrate of LCD screen etc.), apply electricity at least one surface of middle dielectric layer
Pressure (whole to apply).The birefringent material of filling can be liquid crystal material, positioned at the thickness of the crystal layer of middle dielectric layer upper and lower sides
It may be the same or different, the mode positioned at the liquid crystal of middle dielectric layer upper and lower sides may be the same or different.Upper base
Plate, lower substrate can be the wafer of TFT/ITO glass or silicon substrate, and middle dielectric layer can be TFT or ito glass, to upper substrate,
Two surfaces on surface and intermediate medium of the lower substrate towards birefringent material carry out orientation processing, such as use friction work
Skill orientation, specific method are using corresponding felt (may be mounted on idler wheel) with the above-mentioned surface of certain orientation friction, thus
It can be distributed according to the direction of orientation at setting after filling liquid crystal molecule.The table of upper substrate, lower substrate towards birefringent material
The alignment direction at least one surface is different from other surfaces in face and this four surfaces of two surfaces of intermediate medium.
To realize the function of changing simultaneously the polarization direction of incident light and modulate the phase of incident light.It can also make four surfaces
Alignment direction is all identical, then compared to the single layer device for reaching same modulation range, (thickness of liquid crystal of its single layer will be this at this time
Two layers of bi-layer devices of the sum of thickness in invention, and the reaction speed of material is directly related with its thickness) device refreshing speed
Degree will be the several times of single layer device, to play the purpose for improving refresh rate.
Furthermore in the optical system of this device composition, also comprising control and drive system and other optical elements,
Middle control and drive system are mainly made of electronic device, and control generates data-signal, and driving element generates corresponding light tune
System, while light source can also be synchronized.Other optical devices may include light source (such as LD, LED etc.), polarizing film or devating prism
Deng lens and lens group etc..Polarizing film or devating prism are used to be combined and/or be used to filter unwanted light, lens for light beam
And camera lens for modulating (such as amplification/downscaled images etc.) to light beam again.
Embodiment 1
In one embodiment, lower substrate is the liquid crystal on silicon wafer of 1920x1080 using resolution ratio, middle dielectric layer and
Upper substrate all uses ito glass.Liquid crystal is chosen for upper layer liquid crystal and takes TN Mode encapsulations, and lower layer takes ecb mode to encapsulate.It is a kind of
Possible orientation selection be lower substrate surface and intermediate medium layer surface all with device direction orientation at 45 ° on one side, and upper substrate
Surface is with a line of device at parallel or vertical orientation.1um is spaced between upper substrate and ito glass, and (i.e. upper layer liquid crystal layer is thick
1um), 2.5um (i.e. lower layer's liquid crystal thickness 2.5um) is spaced between ito glass and lower substrate.
Light source (pixel) uses OLED display panel, also increases devating prism in optical path, and the incident light that light source issues (includes
Image information) a piece of polarizer can be first passed through, its polarization direction direction P when it being made to be incident to devating prism is polarized
It is incident on above-mentioned spatial light modulator after 90 ° of prism turnover, alignment direction and intermediate ito glass due to the device upper substrate
Alignment direction differs 45 °, and incident light will be rotated 45 ° by upper layer liquid crystal rear polarizer direction, and underlying substrate is that liquid crystal on silicon is brilliant
Incident light can be reflected back that (increasing that can also plate setting wavelength or wave-length coverage is anti-by circle, surface after CMP process is handled
Film), while being modulated by control system, different voltage can be applied to liquid crystal on different pixels, to make difference
Point the phase-modulation that is subject to of incident light it is different, the incident upper layer again after light is returned from lower layer, polarization direction is revolved again
Turn 45 °, when being emitted to devating prism from upper layer, polarization direction have turned into S to, can penetrate devating prism, by subsequent optical
System amplification output, or directly watched by viewer.
Light source could alternatively be traditional silicon-based liquid crystal device, LD or LED and be irradiated by devating prism in above-described embodiment
By 90 ° of image light change of polarized direction and devating prism is returned to behind its surface, image light is directed to the spatial light modulator
Modulation, modulated rear polarizer direction change 90 ° again and through identical devating prism and export.The advantage of doing so is that making in system
It is compact-sized with one piece of devating prism, it is small in size.
Lens system can also be added in source ends in above-mentioned example, the light that light source issues is collimated, expand, is homogenized
Modulation.
In addition, generally require to apply a voltage to middle dielectric layer when control system control lower substrate voltage changes, with
Realize the pressure difference at lower layer's liquid crystal both ends, and the DC balance demand as existing for liquid crystal modulation (DC BALANCE), centre is situated between
There is also cyclically-varyings for the voltage of matter layer, such as the previous period is 6V, and the latter period is 0V, is so recycled, at this time
Identical voltage can be applied to upper surface substrate, for example the previous period is 6V, the latter period is 0V to not make liquid crystal
Deflection is destroyed to the modulation to polarization direction, while so that it is kept the sum of both ends pressure difference in a certain period of time is 0, thus
Damage will not be generated.
Upper substrate in above-mentioned example can also be changed to the TFT glass substrate with pixel voltage modulated ability, from
And realize the modulation respectively polarized to each pixel, thus in conjunction with can be realized simultaneously after devating prism or polarizing film to pixel
Point intensity and phase-modulation.In this case, light source need to only realize illumination, without providing image information (intensity letter
Breath), common LD laser can be used for example, the polarization direction when laser incidence is consistent with upper substrate alignment direction,
Each pixel applies voltage by the control of control drive system respectively on upper substrate, when entering middle dielectric layer from upper substrate, each picture
The polarization direction of vegetarian refreshments is changed respectively by the voltage modulated, and knots modification is between 0~45 °.All pixels point it is inclined
Vibration direction can be decomposed into the consistent direction of underlying substrate alignment direction and be hung down with underlying substrate alignment direction by equivalent
The combination in straight direction, since the liquid crystal material long axis direction of lower layer is consistent with orientation, so all pixels point travels to lower layer
Light in only can correctly be modulated and (can also be used inclined by lower layer's liquid crystal with the energy of the consistent polarized portion of lower layer's alignment direction
The piece that shakes makes middle dielectric layer, or production has the plated film of polarizing filter property on middle dielectric layer, it is impossible to by subnatant
The luminous energy for the polarization direction that crystalline substance is correctly modulated filters out), after its reflection returns, top substrate layer is again passed by, polarization direction is again
It is changed, (on the surface that directly can be produced on upper substrate or upper substrate makes after subsequent polarizing film or devating prism
Made of the material with similar characteristics), unwanted energy can be filtered out, to realize the intensity and phase for light simultaneously
Position modulation.
It in the above-described embodiments, can also be (layer between upper substrate and middle dielectric layer) phase tune by top-level design
System, is designed as intensity modulated for lower layer's (layer between lower substrate and middle dielectric layer), only needs to change orientation compared with upper example
Direction and crystal layer thickness can be realized.Such as top substrate layer with and its opposite middle dielectric layer alignment direction it is consistent, lower layer
Substrate differs 45 ° with the alignment direction of its middle dielectric layer faced, and Intermediate substrate upper and lower surface alignment direction is consistent or differs
Certain angle.
In the above-described embodiments, upper substrate, lower substrate pixel size (pixel pitch) can be consistent, and picture
Plain position spatially corresponds.The Pixel Dimensions made in certain most cases lower glass substrate (such as liquid crystal display panel) are past
Pixel Dimensions on toward the wafer for being greater than silicon substrate, institute's dimensions indicated above are also possible to different, such as one pixel of top substrate layer
Equal to a pixel size of underlying substrate 9 (3 × 3).When needed when input data calculates at this time in view of lower phase modulation
The intensity or phase of every 9 pixels will be almost the same situation, partial pixel can suitably be eliminated by the adjustment of algorithm
Intensity or phase must consistent and generation errors.
Embodiment 2
Upper substrate, lower substrate all use transparent material in embodiment 2, and upper substrate, lower substrate are all with pixel voltage
The TFT substrate of modulation capability, upper substrate and with its for the alignment direction of dielectric layer surface differ about 90 °, and lower substrate with
The alignment direction of corresponding dielectric layer surface is consistent, and one in itself and upper substrate or dielectric layer surface corresponding with upper substrate
The alignment direction in face is consistent, and the light that light source issues is changed through upper substrate rear polarizer direction, and knots modification is by each pixel
Input signal determines.Identical with upper example is that the polarization direction of all pixels point can be matched by equivalent being decomposed into underlying substrate
Combination to the consistent direction in direction and the direction vertical with underlying substrate alignment direction, due to the liquid crystal material long axis of lower layer
Direction is consistent with orientation, thus all pixels point travel in the light of lower layer only with the consistent polarized portion of lower layer's alignment direction
Energy can correctly be modulated by lower layer's liquid crystal, unlike upper example in this underlying substrate be also it is transparent, it is modulated
Light can penetrate the substrate, thereafter be added polarizing film (or middle dielectric layer is made as with polarizing film characteristic) afterwards or polarization rib
Unwanted luminous energy can be filtered out after mirror, modulate the optical field distribution of required intensity and phase.
Embodiment 3
Another kind application is thickness (thickness and sound needed for reducing monolayer material by the stacking of multilayer birefringent material
Generally at quadratic relationship between seasonable, thickness is smaller, and the response speed of material is faster), thus reaching same phase and/or intensity
In modulation range, the response time of device itself is improved.Such as in embodiment 3, optical device includes multilayered structure (including three
Layer birefringent material), it is a conducting medium layer at wafer 1.8um that underlying substrate, which uses liquid crystal on silicon wafer, which is situated between
The alignment direction on two surface of matter layer is identical as underlying substrate, filling liquid crystal material between two layers, conducting medium layer at least 1.8um
Place is transparent intermediate laminar substrate, and production has electrode thereon, can carry out voltage modulated, middle layer base to each pixel respectively
Plate face is consistent with conducting medium layer to the alignment direction of the one side of conducting medium layer, two layers of central filler liquid crystal material.Middle layer
The film with polarization selection function can also be plated on substrate, to filter the energy of unwanted polarization direction.Middle layer
It is top substrate layer, orientation of the middle layer real estate to alignment direction and top substrate layer on the face of top substrate layer at 1um on substrate
Direction differs 45 °, thus it is possible to vary the polarization direction of incident light.The benefit of above-mentioned example is can be by two layers of middle layer and lower layer
Modulation carrys out the response time of faster devices simultaneously.Can also there is no upper layer in above-mentioned example, and only be come using two or more layers
The reaction time of faster devices.
In addition, the upper and lower level alignment direction in above-mentioned all embodiments can also exchange, and system is changed accordingly
?.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that term " on ", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " is erected at "lower"
Directly ", the orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is orientation based on the figure or position
Relationship is set, description the application is merely for convenience of and simplifies description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning are necessary
Orientation with setting, with the orientation construction of setting and operation, therefore should not be understood as the limitation to the application.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Embodiment is set, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes or modify within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can any phase
Mutually combination.
Claims (22)
1. a kind of optical device, which is characterized in that including one or more layers structure;
The structure includes the upper substrate, middle dielectric layer, lower substrate set gradually;Middle dielectric layer is at least one layer;Upper base
Between plate and middle dielectric layer, birefringent material is filled between middle dielectric layer and lower substrate.
2. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the birefringent material uses liquid crystal.
3. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that middle dielectric layer is that conductive material or surface are formed with and lead
Electric layer.
4. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that middle dielectric layer constitutes polarizing film or surface is formed with partially
The film for function of shaking.
5. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that middle dielectric layer is multilayer, adjacent intermediate medium
Layer central filler has birefringent material.
6. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that upper substrate, lower substrate, any in middle dielectric layer
Person or Ren Duozhe have pixel voltage modulated ability and/or global voltage modulation capability.
7. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that any one or a multiple surfaces carry out orientations as follows:
Surface of the upper substrate towards birefringent material;
Surface of the lower substrate towards birefringent material;
Surface of the middle dielectric layer towards upper substrate;
Surface of the middle dielectric layer towards lower substrate.
8. optical device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that as in lower surface the orientation at least one surface with
Other surfaces are different:
Surface of the upper substrate towards birefringent material;
Surface of the lower substrate towards birefringent material;
Surface of the middle dielectric layer towards upper substrate;
Surface of the middle dielectric layer towards lower substrate.
9. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that middle dielectric layer is transparent material.
10. optical device according to claim 9, which is characterized in that middle dielectric layer is ITO and/or TFT glass.
11. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that upper substrate and/or lower substrate are ITO and/or TFT
Glass.
12. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that upper substrate and/or lower substrate are wafers.
13. optical device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the brilliant box between upper substrate and middle dielectric layer, in
Between brilliant box between dielectric layer and lower substrate, following any or appoint different on many kinds of parameters:
Thickness;
Material;
Alignment direction;
Both end voltage;
Liquid crystal mode.
14. optical device according to claim 13, which is characterized in that the liquid crystal mode is in ECB, TN, VAN, FLC
At least one.
15. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that middle dielectric layer is up and down between the pixel of two sides
With corresponding relationship.
16. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that there is multilayer middle dielectric layer, for separating multilayer
Birefringent material.
17. a kind of optical device combination, which is characterized in that including muti-piece optical device described in claim 1, the optics device
Part overlaps up and down.
18. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that each birefringent material of layer in a certain period of time
Expect that the sum of the voltage that two sides applies is zero.
19. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the voltage applied on substrate and/or middle dielectric layer
For analog signal.
20. optical device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the voltage applied on substrate and/or middle dielectric layer
For digital signal.
21. a kind of optical system, which is characterized in that including control and drive system, any one of claims 1 to 16 or power
Benefit require any one of 18 to 20 described in optical device;
Control and drive system, obtain data-signal, and driving optical device generates corresponding light modulation, and synchronous light source and/or
Export synchronization signal.
22. a kind of optical system, including described in any one of any one of claims 1 to 16 or claim 18 to 20
Optical device, which is characterized in that further include the coordination device that cooperation modulation is carried out with optical device, wherein the coordination device
Including light source, polarizing film, PBS, lens or appoint a variety of devices at any one of rotatory device.
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CN201811572379.8A CN109507820A (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | A kind of spatial light modulator |
PCT/CN2019/126278 WO2020125674A1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-12-18 | Spatial light modulator |
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CN111240077A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-05 | 深圳市隆利科技股份有限公司 | Peep-proof display method |
CN111240049A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-05 | 东南大学 | High-speed response pure phase spatial light modulator |
WO2020125674A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | 上海慧希电子科技有限公司 | Spatial light modulator |
CN112859477A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-05-28 | 东南大学 | Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on nano antenna |
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