CN110501835B - Display panel, driving method thereof and display device - Google Patents

Display panel, driving method thereof and display device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110501835B
CN110501835B CN201910886750.6A CN201910886750A CN110501835B CN 110501835 B CN110501835 B CN 110501835B CN 201910886750 A CN201910886750 A CN 201910886750A CN 110501835 B CN110501835 B CN 110501835B
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substrate
liquid crystal
display panel
crystal layer
layer
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CN110501835A (en
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王方舟
梁蓬霞
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133302—Rigid substrates, e.g. inorganic substrates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
    • G02F1/133622—Colour sequential illumination

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a display panel, a driving method thereof and a display device, wherein the display panel comprises: a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a light source, and an electrode structure; the refractive index of the first substrate is larger than that of the second substrate; the minimum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is greater than or equal to that of the second substrate, and the maximum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is less than or equal to that of the first substrate; a light source for providing light directed to a side surface of the first substrate at a certain angle; when the display panel is in a dark state, the electrode structure is used for enabling light rays emitted to the liquid crystal layer from the first substrate to meet the total reflection condition under the control of an electric signal; when the display panel is in a bright state, the electrode structure is used for enabling light rays to be emitted from one side, away from the first substrate, of the second substrate under the control of the electric signals, so that the display panel can display in different gray scales. The display panel only comprises two layers of substrates, and a backlight module is not required to be arranged independently, so that the thickness of the display panel is reduced.

Description

Display panel, driving method thereof and display device
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a display panel, a driving method thereof, and a display device.
Background
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) are currently common flat panel displays, and TFT-LCD displays are widely researched and applied due to their advantages of low voltage, low power consumption, suitability for circuit integration, lightness, convenience, and the like.
With the continuous development of display technologies, people are more and more interested in light and thin display devices, and liquid crystal displays have complex structures and thick modules, and are not easy to realize light and thin display panels.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a display panel, a driving method thereof and a display device, which are used for solving the problems of complex structure and thick module of a liquid crystal display panel in the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a display panel, including: the liquid crystal display panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a light source and an electrode structure, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged, the liquid crystal layer is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, the light source is positioned on the side face of the first substrate, and the electrode structure is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the refractive index of the first substrate is greater than that of the second substrate;
the minimum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is greater than or equal to the refractive index of the second substrate, and the maximum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the first substrate;
the light source is used for providing light rays which are emitted to the side face of the first substrate at a certain angle;
when the display panel is in a dark state, the electrode structure is used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect under the control of an electric signal, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is the minimum value, and light rays emitted from the first substrate to the liquid crystal layer meet the total reflection condition;
when the display panel is in a bright state, the electrode structure is used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect under the control of an electric signal, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is changed between the minimum value and the maximum value, light rays are emitted from one side of the second substrate, which deviates from the first substrate, and the display panel displays in different gray scales.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the display panel further includes: a grating layer located between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer;
the grating layer is used for emitting the light rays emitted from the liquid crystal layer to the grating layer at a set angle.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the display panel includes a plurality of pixel units;
each pixel unit comprises at least two sub-pixels respectively corresponding to different viewpoints;
the grating layer includes: a plurality of grating units respectively corresponding to the sub-pixels one by one;
in each pixel unit, the emergent light direction of the grating unit corresponding to each sub-pixel is different.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the emergent light of the grating unit corresponding to each of the sub-pixels corresponding to the same viewpoint is converged at the same viewpoint.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the electrode structure includes: a first electrode layer between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and a second electrode layer between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer;
the first electrode layer is arranged in a whole layer, and the second electrode layer comprises a plurality of sub-electrodes which respectively correspond to the sub-pixels one by one; or the like, or, alternatively,
the first electrode layer comprises a plurality of sub-electrodes which are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the sub-pixels, and the second electrode layer is arranged in a whole layer.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the display panel further includes: the first alignment layer is positioned between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, and the second alignment layer is positioned between the second electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer;
the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode layer and the first alignment layer is smaller than half of the wavelength of light emitted by the light source.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the display panel further includes: a driving circuit between the second substrate and the second alignment layer;
the driving circuit is used for providing electric signals to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer so as to control liquid crystal deflection in the liquid crystal layer.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the light source includes: sub-light sources of at least three colors;
the light source is used for emitting light rays with different colors in a time-sharing mode.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for driving the display panel, including:
applying an electric signal to the electrode structure to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is the minimum value, and the light emitted from the first substrate to the liquid crystal layer meets the total reflection condition, so that the display panel displays a dark state;
and applying an electric signal to the electrode structure to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is changed between the minimum value and the maximum value, and light rays are emitted from one side of the second substrate, which is far away from the first substrate, so that the display panel displays in different gray scales.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, including: the display panel is provided.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the display panel, the driving method thereof and the display device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise the following steps: the liquid crystal display comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a light source and an electrode structure, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged; the refractive index of the first substrate is larger than that of the second substrate; the minimum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is greater than or equal to that of the second substrate, and the maximum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is less than or equal to that of the first substrate; a light source for providing light directed to a side surface of the first substrate at a certain angle; when the display panel is in a dark state, the electrode structure is used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect under the control of an electric signal, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is the minimum value, and light rays emitted to the liquid crystal layer from the first substrate meet the total reflection condition; when the display panel is in a bright state, the electrode structure is used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect under the control of an electric signal, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is changed between the minimum value and the maximum value, light rays are emitted from one side, away from the first substrate, of the second substrate, and the display panel displays in different gray scales. In the display panel provided by the embodiment of the invention, because the refractive index of the first substrate is greater than that of the second substrate, the minimum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is greater than or equal to that of the second substrate, the maximum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is less than or equal to that of the first substrate, and the light source is arranged on the side surface of the first substrate, the display panel is controlled to realize gray scale display by utilizing the total reflection principle of light and controlling the change of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer through the electrode structure, the display panel only comprises two layers of substrates, and a backlight module does not need to be arranged independently, the structure is simpler, the thickness of the display panel can be greatly reduced, and the display panel is favorable for being thinned.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating light rays emitted from a first substrate to a liquid crystal layer according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a liquid crystal layer into which light is incident according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the transmittance of liquid crystal and the rotation angle of liquid crystal molecules according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an emergent light of a display panel according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the light exit angle of the grating unit and the grating period and rotation angle;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a driving method of a display panel according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a display panel, a driving method thereof and a display device, aiming at the problems of complex structure and thicker module of a liquid crystal display panel in the prior art.
Embodiments of a display panel, a driving method thereof, and a display device according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The thicknesses and shapes of the various film layers in the drawings are not to be considered true proportions, but are merely intended to illustrate the present invention.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a display panel, as shown in fig. 1, including: a first substrate 101 and a second substrate 102 disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer 103 disposed between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102, a light source 104 disposed at a side of the first substrate 101, and an electrode structure (e.g., a first electrode layer 106 and a second electrode layer 107 in the figure) disposed between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the refractive index n1 of the first substrate 101 is greater than the refractive index n2 of the second substrate 102;
the minimum value min of the refractive index nc of the liquid crystal layer 103 is greater than or equal to the refractive index n2 of the second substrate 102, and the maximum value max of the refractive index nc of the liquid crystal layer 103 is less than or equal to the refractive index n1 of the first substrate 101; namely min is more than or equal to n2, max is less than or equal to n1, and n1 is more than n 2.
A light source 104 for providing light directed to a side surface of the first substrate 101 at a certain angle;
when the display panel is in a dark state, the electrode structure is used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 103 to deflect under the control of an electric signal, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 103 is the minimum value, and light rays emitted from the first substrate 101 to the liquid crystal layer 103 meet the total reflection condition;
when the display panel is in a bright state, the electrode structure is used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 103 to deflect under the control of an electric signal, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 103 is changed between a minimum value and a maximum value, and light is emitted from one side of the second substrate 102, which is far away from the first substrate 101, so that the display panel can display in different gray scales.
In the display panel provided by the embodiment of the invention, because the refractive index of the first substrate is greater than that of the second substrate, the minimum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is greater than or equal to that of the second substrate, the maximum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is less than or equal to that of the first substrate, and the light source is arranged on the side surface of the first substrate, the display panel is controlled to realize gray scale display by utilizing the total reflection principle of light and controlling the change of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer through the electrode structure, the display panel only comprises two layers of substrates, and a backlight module does not need to be arranged independently, the structure is simpler, the thickness of the display panel can be greatly reduced, and the display panel is favorable for being thinned. In addition, the display panel in the embodiment of the invention can also omit an upper polarizer and a lower polarizer, and can further reduce the thickness of the display panel.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index n1 of the first substrate 101 is greater than the refractive index n2 of the second substrate 102, the first substrate 101 may be made of a glass material with a higher refractive index, and the second substrate 102 may be made of a glass material with a lower refractive index, for example, the first substrate 101 may be made of a glass material with a refractive index of about 1.7, and the second substrate 102 may be made of a glass material with a refractive index of about 1.5.
Since the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 103 are birefringent materials, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 103 varies with the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules, optionally, the ordinary refractive index no of the liquid crystal layer 103 may be the same as the refractive index of the second substrate 102, and the extraordinary refractive index ne of the liquid crystal layer 103 may be the same as the refractive index of the first substrate 101, and also taking the above refractive indexes as examples, the ordinary refractive index no of the liquid crystal layer 103 is 1.5, and ne is 1.7, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 103 can be controlled to vary between the minimum value and the maximum value by the electrode structure.
Since the refractive index n1 of the first substrate 101 is greater than the refractive index n2 of the second substrate 102, light rays greater than the critical angle of total reflection can be transmitted by total reflection in the first substrate 101, so as to realize dark state display of the display panel. Specifically, when the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 103 is the minimum value, the light emitted from the first substrate 101 to the liquid crystal layer 103 is dense and is emitted to the optical sparse, and the light emitted from the first substrate 101 to the liquid crystal layer 103 can satisfy the total reflection condition by controlling the incident angle of the light source 104 to the side surface of the first substrate 101, so that the light emitted from the light source 104 to the first substrate 101 is locked inside the first substrate 101, and the dark state display of the display panel is realized.
In a specific implementation, referring to fig. 2, when the display panel is in a dark state, in order to ensure that all light rays emitted from the light source 104 to the first substrate 101 are totally reflected, an incident angle (e.g., an incident angle c in the figure) of light rays emitted from the first substrate 101 to the liquid crystal layer 103 may be controlled to be slightly larger than a critical angle of total reflection, for example, the critical angle of total reflection is 70 °, and the incident angle c may be controlled to be a numerical value such as about 71 ° or 72 °, which is only for illustration and is not limited herein.
By applying an electrical signal to the electrode structure, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 103 can be driven to deflect to change the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 103, when the refractive index nc of the liquid crystal layer 103 is greater than a minimum value, a critical angle of total reflection at an interface between the first substrate 101 and the liquid crystal layer 103 is increased, so that at least part of light rays propagating in the first substrate 101 do not satisfy a total reflection condition, so that part of light rays can be emitted from the first substrate 101 to the liquid crystal layer 103, so that part of light rays can be emitted from one side of a display surface, and the intensity of the light rays emitted from the display surface can be changed by controlling the change of the refractive index nc of the liquid crystal layer 103, so that the display panel can display in different gray scales, and different gray scale brightness can be realized by different filling in the liquid crystal layer 103 in fig. 1.
In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 2, a light ray b is emitted from the first substrate 101 to the liquid crystal layer 103 at an incident angle c, the polarization direction of the light ray b is a, and in conjunction with fig. 3, when the light ray b is emitted into the liquid crystal layer 103, the light ray b propagates in a direction perpendicular to the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules, the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is shown by an arrow d, that is, the liquid crystal molecules rotate around the long axes, specifically, the relationship between the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer 103 and the rotation angle of the liquid crystal molecules is shown in fig. 4, and as is apparent from fig. 4, the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer 103 increases with the increase of the rotation angle of the liquid crystal molecules.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: a grating layer 105 between the second substrate 102 and the liquid crystal layer 103;
the grating layer 105 is used to emit light rays emitted from the liquid crystal layer 103 to the grating layer 105 at a set angle.
Since the minimum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 103 is greater than or equal to the refractive index of the second substrate 102, a part of light emitted from the liquid crystal layer 103 to the second substrate 102 may be totally reflected, and the grating layer 105 is disposed between the second substrate 102 and the liquid crystal layer 103, so that the total reflection condition between the liquid crystal layer 103 and the second substrate 102 can be destroyed, the light is emitted after being emitted to the grating layer by diffraction, the light emitting amount of the display panel is increased, and the display effect of the display panel is improved.
Furthermore, in the display panel provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the display panel includes a plurality of pixel units P;
each pixel unit P comprises at least two sub-pixels (P _1, P _2, P _3, P _4 in the figure) corresponding to different viewpoints respectively;
a grating layer, comprising: a plurality of grating units corresponding to the sub-pixels one to one; FIG. 5 shows sub-pixels corresponding to different raster units with different fill;
in each pixel unit P, the direction of the emergent light of the grating unit corresponding to each sub-pixel is different.
Specifically, each pixel unit P includes at least two sub-pixels corresponding to different viewpoints, for example, in fig. 5, the pixel unit P includes sub-pixels P _1, P _2, P _3, and P _4, the sub-pixel P _1 corresponds to a viewpoint a, the sub-pixel P _2 corresponds to a viewpoint B, the sub-pixel P _3 corresponds to a viewpoint C, and the sub-pixel P _4 corresponds to a viewpoint D, and since the directions of the emitted light of the grating units corresponding to the sub-pixels are different, the light emitted from the sub-pixels can be emitted to the corresponding viewpoints, that is, the light emitted from the sub-pixel P _1 is emitted to the viewpoint a, the light emitted from the sub-pixel P _2 is emitted to the viewpoint B, the light emitted from the sub-pixel P _3 is emitted to the viewpoint C, and the light emitted from the sub-pixel P _4 is emitted to the viewpoint D, so that, for a display panel having a plurality of pixel units, each sub-pixel corresponds to at least two viewpoints, when a person watches the display panel, different images can be observed from different viewpoints, and the left eye and the right eye of the person respectively receive the images of one viewpoint, and a 3D effect can be formed through the fusion of brains.
In addition, the greater the number of sub-pixels included in the pixel unit, the more viewpoints from which the display panel can be viewed, so that 3D display can be realized in a plurality of viewing directions, and the better the 3D display effect.
In the embodiment of the invention, the component capable of realizing 3D display of the display panel is integrated in the display panel, so that the thickness of the display panel can be greatly reduced, the process flow of the display panel is shortened, and the alignment difficulty is reduced. In addition, in the actual display process, the display panel can also be controlled to display the picture at only one viewpoint, namely, the display panel can also realize 2D display and can also realize switching between 2D display and 3D display.
In practical implementation, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the light emitted from the grating units corresponding to the sub-pixels corresponding to the same viewpoint is converged to the same viewpoint.
For example, in fig. 5, the emergent light of the grating unit corresponding to the subpixel P _1 in each subpixel P converges at the viewpoint a, so that the human eye can see the complete image displayed by the display panel at the viewpoint a, and similarly, the human eye can also see the complete image at other viewpoints, and when the human left eye and the human right eye respectively see the images of the two viewpoints, a 3D display effect can be formed due to the superposition of the brains.
In a specific implementation, the light emitting direction of the grating unit is related to the grating period and the direction of the line, so that the light emitting direction of the pixel unit can be changed by adjusting the grating period and/or the k vector of the grating unit, specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the light emitted from the light source 104 is emitted to the display panel along the x-axis direction, wherein 1051 represents one of the grating units, the direction perpendicular to the line of the grating unit is the k vector, and the grating unit 1051 is in the xy plane and has a certain rotation angle, that is, the included angle α between the k vector of the grating unit and the y axis. The grating period lambada of the grating unit can be orthogonally decomposed into lambada of the x-axis directionxAnd Λ in the y-axis directionyWherein Λ is parallel to the direction of propagation of the light (i.e., the x-direction in the figure)xThe component has diffraction effect on light, and the deflection angle and lambda of the diffracted lightxAnd (4) correlating.
By using the characteristics of the grating, when the position of the light source 104 and the position of the viewpoint to be set are known, the grating unit 1051 can emit light at a set angle by adjusting the rotation angle α and the grating period Λ of the grating unit, thereby realizing 3D display.
Specifically, a relationship diagram of the light exit angle of the grating unit, the grating period and the rotation angle as shown in fig. 7 may be adopted, fig. 7 takes red light with the light source exit wavelength of about 700nm as an example, the light exit angle of the grating unit varies with the grating period Λ and the rotation angle α, the hemisphere represents an angular space above the display surface of the display panel, each curve represents one grating period (Λ ═ 300, 1100] nm), each point on the curve represents one rotation angle (α ═ 0 °, 50 °), and when the viewing point and the position of each sub-pixel on the display panel are observed, the corresponding grating period Λ and the rotation angle α may be found in the hemisphere shown in fig. 7 through the included angle between the viewing point and each sub-pixel, so that the morphology of each grating unit may be determined.
In a specific implementation, as shown in fig. 1, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the electrode structure includes: a first electrode layer 106 between the first substrate 101 and the liquid crystal layer 103, and a second electrode layer 107 between the second substrate 102 and the liquid crystal layer 103;
the first electrode layer 106 is arranged in a whole layer, and the second electrode layer 107 comprises a plurality of sub-electrodes which respectively correspond to the sub-pixels one by one; in practical applications, the deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 103 is controlled by applying electrical signals to the first electrode layer 106 and the second electrode layer 107, and in order to control the deflection of liquid crystal molecules at the position corresponding to each sub-pixel, the second electrode layer 107 may be divided into a plurality of sub-electrodes corresponding to the sub-pixels one by one, so that the electrical signals at different sub-pixel positions may be different, the deflection degrees of liquid crystal molecules at different sub-pixel positions may be different, and thus, image display is achieved.
Or the like, or, alternatively,
the first electrode layer 106 includes a plurality of sub-electrodes corresponding to the sub-pixels one by one, and the second electrode layer 107 is disposed as a whole. That is, in order to control the liquid crystal molecule deflection at the corresponding position of each sub-pixel, the first electrode layer 106 may be divided into a plurality of sub-electrodes. In addition, in the implementation, the electrode structure may also adopt other structures, and the specific structure of the electrode structure is not limited herein.
Specifically, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the display panel may further include: a first alignment layer (not shown) between the first electrode layer 106 and the liquid crystal layer 103, and a second alignment layer (not shown) between the second electrode layer 107 and the liquid crystal layer 103;
the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode layer 106 and the first alignment layer is less than half of the wavelength of the light emitted from the light source.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when the display panel is in a dark state, it is necessary to make the light emitted from the first substrate 101 to the liquid crystal layer 103 satisfy the total reflection condition, it is first necessary to ensure that the light is emitted from the optically denser medium to the optically thinner medium, the refractive index of the first substrate 101 is greater than the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 103, and a first electrode layer and a first alignment layer are disposed between the first substrate 101 and the liquid crystal layer 103, so as to avoid the first electrode layer and the first alignment layer affecting the interface between the first substrate 101 and the liquid crystal layer 103, the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode layer 106 and the first alignment layer is set to be less than half of the wavelength of the light emitted from the light source, that is, the thicknesses of the first electrode layer and the first alignment layer are very small, and the total reflection condition from the first substrate 101 to the liquid crystal layer 103 is not affected. Optionally, in a specific implementation, a total thickness of the first electrode layer 106 and the first alignment layer may be set to be about 10nm, and visible light is generally in a range of 380nm to 780nm, and thus, the wavelength of the light emitted from the light source is much smaller than that of the light emitted from the light source, and therefore, the total reflection condition is not affected by the first electrode layer 106 and the first alignment layer.
Specifically, the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: the driving circuit is positioned between the second substrate and the second alignment layer;
and a driving circuit for supplying an electric signal to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to control liquid crystal deflection in the liquid crystal layer.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the driving circuit is disposed between the second substrate and the second alignment layer, so as to avoid affecting the interface between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and ensure that the light emitted from the first substrate 101 to the liquid crystal layer 103 can satisfy the total reflection condition.
In practical applications, in the display panel provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the light source includes: sub-light sources of at least three colors;
and the light source is used for emitting light rays with different colors in a time-sharing manner.
For example, the light source may include sub-light sources of three colors of red, green, and blue, and the light source may be controlled to emit light rays of different colors in a time-sharing manner by a time-sharing driving manner, for example, at a first time, the red sub-light source may be controlled to be turned on, the blue sub-light source and the green sub-light source may be controlled to be turned off, so as to control the light source to emit light rays of red, at a second time, the blue sub-light source may be controlled to be turned on, the red sub-light source and the green sub-light source may be controlled to be turned off, so as to control the light source to emit light rays of blue, and at a third time, the green sub-light source may be controlled to be turned on, and the red sub-light source and the blue sub-light source may be turned off, so as to control the light source to emit light rays of green. In a specific implementation, the light source may be controlled to emit light rays of different colors in a time-sharing manner according to a picture to be displayed, which is only an example and does not limit the sequence of the light rays emitted by the light source in a time-sharing manner. In addition, the light source may also include other colors and numbers of sub-light sources, which is not limited herein.
In order to make the light emitted from the light source more uniform, the sub-pixels with different colors can be set to be uniformly distributed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the color display can be realized by arranging the plurality of sub-pixels with different colors, a color filter layer does not need to be manufactured independently, and the thickness of the display panel can be further reduced.
In a second aspect, based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention provide a driving method of the display panel. Since the principle of the driving method for solving the problem is similar to that of the display panel, the implementation of the driving method can be referred to the implementation of the display panel, and repeated details are not repeated.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the method for driving the display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s201, applying an electric signal to the electrode structure to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect, enabling the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer to be the minimum value, enabling light emitted to the liquid crystal layer from the first substrate to meet a total reflection condition, and enabling the display panel to display a dark state;
s202, applying an electric signal to the electrode structure to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is changed between the minimum value and the maximum value, and light is emitted from one side of the second substrate, which is far away from the first substrate, so that the display panel can display in different gray scales.
In step S201, an electrical signal is applied to the electrode structure to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is a minimum value, where the minimum value may be the refractive index of the second substrate or may be greater than the refractive index of the second substrate, so that the light emitted from the first substrate to the liquid crystal layer satisfies a total reflection condition, and the light transmitted in the first substrate cannot be emitted at all, thereby implementing bright display of the display panel.
In step S202, an electrical signal is applied to the electrode structure to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect, so as to control the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer to change between the minimum value and the maximum value, so that at least a portion of light can be emitted from the first substrate to the liquid crystal layer, and finally emitted from a side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, so as to implement gray scale display of the display panel.
In a third aspect, based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, including the above display panel, where the display device may be applied to any product or component with a display function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a display, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, and a navigator. Since the principle of the display device to solve the problem is similar to that of the display panel, the display device can be implemented by the display panel, and repeated descriptions are omitted.
In the display panel, the driving method thereof and the display device provided by the embodiment of the invention, because the refractive index of the first substrate is larger than that of the second substrate, the minimum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is larger than or equal to that of the second substrate, the maximum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is smaller than or equal to that of the first substrate, and the light source is arranged on the side surface of the first substrate, the display panel is controlled to realize gray scale display by utilizing the total reflection principle of light and controlling the refractive index change of the liquid crystal layer through the electrode structure, the display panel only comprises two layers of substrates, and does not need to be provided with a backlight module independently, the structure is simpler, compared with the traditional liquid crystal display panel, the backlight module does not need to be arranged independently, a color filter layer can be omitted, an upper polarizer and a lower polarizer can be omitted, the thickness of the display panel can be greatly reduced, the display panel is beneficial to the lightness and the thinness of the display panel, and in addition, the display panel also has good light transmission and can realize transparent display.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. A display panel, comprising: the liquid crystal display panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a light source and an electrode structure, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged, the liquid crystal layer is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, the light source is positioned on the side face of the first substrate, and the electrode structure is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the refractive index of the first substrate is greater than that of the second substrate;
the minimum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is greater than or equal to the refractive index of the second substrate, and the maximum value of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the first substrate;
the light source is used for providing light rays which are emitted to the side face of the first substrate at a certain angle;
when the display panel is in a dark state, the electrode structure is used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect under the control of an electric signal, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is the minimum value, and light rays emitted to the liquid crystal layer from the first substrate meet the total reflection condition;
when the display panel is in a bright state, the electrode structure is used for driving liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect under the control of an electric signal, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is changed between the minimum value and the maximum value, light rays are emitted from one side of the second substrate, which deviates from the first substrate, and the display panel displays in different gray scales.
2. The display panel of claim 1, further comprising: a grating layer located between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer;
the grating layer is used for emitting the light rays emitted from the liquid crystal layer to the grating layer at a set angle.
3. The display panel of claim 2, wherein the display panel comprises a plurality of pixel cells;
each pixel unit comprises at least two sub-pixels respectively corresponding to different viewpoints;
the grating layer includes: a plurality of grating units respectively corresponding to the sub-pixels one by one;
in each pixel unit, the emergent light direction of the grating unit corresponding to each sub-pixel is different.
4. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein exit light of the grating unit corresponding to each of the sub-pixels corresponding to a same viewpoint converges to a same viewpoint.
5. The display panel of claim 3, wherein the electrode structure comprises: a first electrode layer between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and a second electrode layer between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer;
the first electrode layer is arranged in a whole layer, and the second electrode layer comprises a plurality of sub-electrodes which respectively correspond to the sub-pixels one by one; or the like, or a combination thereof,
the first electrode layer comprises a plurality of sub-electrodes which are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the sub-pixels, and the second electrode layer is arranged in a whole layer.
6. The display panel of claim 5, further comprising: a first alignment layer between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, and a second alignment layer between the second electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer;
the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode layer and the first alignment layer is smaller than half of the wavelength of light emitted by the light source.
7. The display panel of claim 6, further comprising: a driving circuit between the second substrate and the second alignment layer;
the driving circuit is used for providing electric signals to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer so as to control liquid crystal deflection in the liquid crystal layer.
8. The display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the light source includes: sub-light sources of at least three colors;
the light source is used for emitting light rays with different colors in a time-sharing mode.
9. The method for driving a display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
applying an electric signal to the electrode structure to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is the minimum value, and the light emitted from the first substrate to the liquid crystal layer meets the total reflection condition, so that the display panel displays a dark state;
and applying an electric signal to the electrode structure to drive liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to deflect, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is changed between the minimum value and the maximum value, and light rays are emitted from one side of the second substrate, which is far away from the first substrate, so that the display panel displays in different gray scales.
10. A display device, comprising: a display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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