CN109507650B - Microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method and system - Google Patents
Microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method and system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/38—Jamming means, e.g. producing false echoes
Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method and a system, comprising the following steps: setting a working mode: a normal azimuth full-period signal or a high-speed azimuth full-period signal; generating a corresponding time base signal according to the working mode, judging the current working mode through the time base signal when the FPGA works, and controlling the generation time of the signal according to the current working mode so as to generate a corresponding signal; setting the type of the output signal; the signal types include: no interference or interference; outputting signals of a preset working mode and a preset output signal type; receiving a selection instruction of a user for selecting a signal from the output signals, and outputting a main path analog signal or a main path analog signal and a multi-path analog signal according to the selection instruction; superposing the main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal to obtain a multi-path interference signal; the main path analog signal or the multi-path interference signal is converted into an analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter, and a baseband signal is generated through a signal conditioning circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method and a system.
Background
The multipath interference signal is an interference signal relative to the main path and is used for testing the anti-interference capability of the airborne receiver. The simulation of microwave landing multipath interference signals traditionally adopts an implementation mode mainly based on an analog circuit, corresponding main path signals and multipath interference signals are realized through different analog circuits, and then corresponding functional signals are combined through a switch and an adder in combination with synchronization to generate corresponding analog signals. The method has the advantages of complex hardware circuit design, high cost, poor flexibility, large volume and inconvenience for carrying. Meanwhile, clock management is relatively not strict, a lot of debugging time is consumed to guarantee signal precision, and accurate synchronous output is difficult to perform.
With the rapid development of digital circuit technology, the digital implementation of analog circuits is becoming a trend more and more, playing an important role in improving system performance and precision, reducing the difficulty of circuit development, and no longer requiring designers to have rich analog circuit development and debugging experience. The traditional mode that adopts the concatenation of polylith analog circuit to produce the analog signal of multipath interference, the circuit design is complicated, and equipment is bulky, and the circuit is maintained the difficulty to analog system's precision is difficult to improve.
At present, the microwave landing multipath interference signal simulation generally adopts an implementation mode mainly based on an analog circuit, as shown in fig. 1. The microwave landing analog signal is divided into a common azimuth full-period signal and a high-speed azimuth full-period signal, and switching is performed in a common mode and a high-speed mode. The general azimuth full-period signal is composed of azimuth signal, reverse azimuth signal, elevation signal and data word signal according to a certain standard, and the data word signal does not need to be simulated by multipath interference signal, so that it is not indicated in the block diagram. The high-speed azimuth full-period signal is composed of a high-speed azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal, an elevation angle signal and a data word signal respectively, and also conforms to a certain standard. In summary, four signals such as an azimuth signal, a high-speed azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal, an elevation signal and the like and corresponding multipath analog signals need to be realized, so that 8 parts of analog circuits are needed to realize the signals, and meanwhile, signal switching and signal superposition are carried out according to standards, so that the problems of high difficulty in realization, easy overshoot and the like are caused. The multipath interference analog signal is associated with the synchronous signal, and the multipath interference signal of the corresponding signal can be generated only when the corresponding signal is synchronized. The realization mode is difficult to realize synchronous signals and is difficult to achieve extremely high accuracy for lack of an accurate clock management scheme.
The existing microwave landing multipath interference signal simulation is generally realized in an analog circuit mode, and the method has the disadvantages of complex realization mode, complex circuit design, large equipment volume, low development efficiency and higher requirement on designers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method and system, which rely on a new technology of a digital electronic technology, adopt an all-digital multipath signal multiplexing mode and strictly match synchronous signal output. The method reduces the design difficulty of the circuit, reduces the development time, improves the stability of the system and the precision of the signal, simultaneously improves the flexibility of the system, and can generate a plurality of functions on the basis of not changing a hardware circuit.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method;
a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method comprises the following steps:
step (1): setting a working mode, wherein the working mode comprises the following steps: a normal azimuth full-period signal or a high-speed azimuth full-period signal; generating a corresponding time base signal according to the working mode, judging the current working mode through the time base signal, and controlling the generation time of the signal according to the current working mode so as to generate a corresponding signal;
step (2): setting the type of the output signal; the signal types include: no interference or interference;
and (3): outputting a signal: outputting signals of a preset working mode and a preset output signal type;
and (4): receiving a selection instruction of a user for selecting a signal from the output signals, and outputting a main path analog signal or a main path analog signal and a multi-path analog signal according to the selection instruction;
and (5): signal superposition: superposing the main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal to obtain a multi-path interference signal;
and (6): and (4) converting the main path analog signal in the step (4) or the multi-path interference signal in the step (5) into an analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter, and generating a baseband signal through a signal conditioning circuit.
As some possible implementations, the common azimuth full-period signal includes: an azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal, or an elevation signal; the high-speed azimuth full-periodic signal comprises: high speed azimuth signals, anti-azimuth signals, or elevation signals.
As some possible implementations, the specific steps of step (3) are:
step (31): if the signal is a common azimuth full-period signal and does not have interference, outputting an azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal or an elevation signal;
step (32): if the signal is a common azimuth full-period signal and has interference, outputting an azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the azimuth signal and the azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the anti-azimuth signal and the anti-azimuth signal, or an elevation multipath interference signal synchronizing the elevation signal and the elevation signal;
step (33): if the signal is a high-speed azimuth full-period signal and does not have interference, outputting a high-speed azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal or an elevation signal;
step (34): if the signal is a high-speed azimuth full-period signal and has interference, a high-speed azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the high-speed azimuth signal and the high-speed azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the anti-azimuth signal and the anti-azimuth signal, or an elevation angle signal and an elevation angle multipath interference signal synchronizing with the elevation angle signal are output.
As some possible implementations, the specific steps of step (4) are:
step (41): if the user selects the output signal of step (31), composing the selected signal into a main path analog signal according to the time base signal;
step (42): if the user selects the output signal in the step (32), the selected azimuth signal, the selected anti-azimuth signal or the selected elevation angle signal form a main path analog signal, and one path of the azimuth multipath interference signal, the anti-azimuth multipath interference signal or the selected elevation angle multipath interference signal is selected to generate a multipath analog signal;
step (43): if the user selects the output signal of step (33), composing the selected signal into a main path analog signal according to the time base signal;
step (44): if the user selects the output signal in step (34), the selected high speed azimuth signal, anti-azimuth signal or elevation angle signal is formed into a main path analog signal, and one path of the high speed azimuth multipath interference signal, anti-azimuth multipath interference signal or elevation angle multipath interference signal is selected to generate a multipath analog signal.
As some possible implementations, the specific steps of step (5) are:
step (51): superposing the main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal in the step (42), and superposing the multi-path analog signal to the corresponding main path analog signal so as to generate multi-path interference;
step (52): superposing the main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal in the step (44); the multipath analog signal is superimposed on the corresponding main path analog signal, thereby generating multipath interference.
As some possible implementations, the specific steps of step (6) are:
and (6): and (4) outputting the signals of the step (41), the step (43), the step (51) or the step (52), converting the signals into analog signals through a digital-to-analog converter, and generating baseband signals through a signal conditioning circuit.
As some possible realization modes, the time-base signal is generated according to the requirements of the GJB 2275-95 national military standard.
The time-base signal of the ordinary azimuth full-period signal is similar to that of the high-speed azimuth full-period signal, and the high-speed azimuth full-period signal is more compact due to the fact that the high-speed azimuth time sequence is shorter.
As some possible implementation manners, the azimuth multipath interference signal is obtained by mapping according to the azimuth signal, the multipath interference signal and the corresponding signal are only different in parameter setting, and the implementation manners are the same, so that the corresponding multipath interference signal can be generated by mapping through parameter modification, and the following multipath interference signals are similar;
as some possible implementations, the high-speed azimuth multipath interference signal is mapped according to a high-speed azimuth signal;
as some possible implementations, the anti-azimuth multipath interference signal is mapped according to an anti-azimuth signal;
as some possible implementations, the elevation multipath interference signal is mapped from an elevation signal.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure further provides a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation system;
a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation system comprises: the FPGA, the DAC digital-to-analog converter and the signal conditioning circuit are connected in sequence; the FPGA is internally stored with a computer program, and when the computer program is operated, the steps of the method are completed.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
with the development of electronic technology, a basis and an implementation method are provided for the full digitalization implementation of the multipath interference signals. The all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method avoids the traditional simulation implementation mode, greatly improves the precision and the stability of the whole system, facilitates the function expansion of the system, and does not need an additional function circuit. Meanwhile, the design difficulty is reduced, the requirement on designers is reduced, the circuit is simple, and the volume of the equipment can be reduced.
The realization mode of the original analog circuit is changed, and a full digital realization mode combining an FPGA, a DAC and a signal conditioning circuit is adopted. The complexity of a system circuit is reduced, and the volume and the cost are correspondingly reduced.
According to the characteristics of the main path and the multipath, the main path signal is mapped into the multipath signal, the multipath interference signal is generated by combining a logic multiplexing mode, and an accurate synchronous signal is generated according to a time base.
The FPGA code is subjected to time sequence optimization, development means such as a parallel assembly line are adopted to improve the stability of the system, time sequence constraint and other means are adopted to ensure that the FPGA works at a higher working frequency, and the output precision of the whole system is improved.
The generation of multipath interference signals of the microwave landing simulator is realized in a full digital mode, the main work is focused on FPGA code compiling, and a designer is not required to have rich simulation circuit design and debugging experience.
The circuit design is simple, the module volume is small, the production cost is reduced, the maintainability of the system is improved, and corresponding functions such as symmetry, waveform shape change and the like can be added only by modifying FPGA codes on the premise of not changing a hardware circuit.
The method adopts a full-digital multipath signal multiplexing mode, maps the main path signal into a multipath interference signal according to multipath channel characteristics, reduces code development amount by utilizing the principle of logic multiplexing, can fully use development skills such as FPGA parallel pipelines and the like, and improves the stability of the system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a prior art of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is an implementation of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The invention provides a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method, and a specific implementation block diagram is shown in fig. 2.
Example 1: a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method comprises the following steps:
step (1): setting a working mode, wherein the working mode comprises the following steps: a normal azimuth full-period signal or a high-speed azimuth full-period signal; generating a corresponding time base signal according to the working mode, judging the current working mode through the time base signal when the FPGA works, and controlling the generation time of the signal according to the current working mode so as to generate a corresponding signal;
step (2): setting the type of the output signal; the signal types include: no interference or interference;
and (3): outputting a signal: outputting signals of a preset working mode and a preset output signal type;
and (4): receiving a selection instruction of a user for selecting a signal from the output signals, and outputting a main path analog signal or a main path analog signal and a multi-path analog signal according to the selection instruction;
and (5): signal superposition: superposing the main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal to obtain a multi-path interference signal;
and (6): and (4) converting the main path analog signal in the step (4) or the multi-path interference signal in the step (5) into an analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter, and generating a baseband signal through a signal conditioning circuit.
As some possible embodiments, the general azimuth full-period signal includes: an azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal, or an elevation signal; the high-speed azimuth full-periodic signal comprises: high speed azimuth signals, anti-azimuth signals, or elevation signals.
As some possible embodiments, the specific steps of step (3) are:
step (31): if the signal is a common azimuth full-period signal and does not have interference, outputting an azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal or an elevation signal;
step (32): if the signal is a common azimuth full-period signal and has interference, outputting an azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the azimuth signal and the azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the anti-azimuth signal and the anti-azimuth signal, or an elevation multipath interference signal synchronizing the elevation signal and the elevation signal;
step (33): if the signal is a high-speed azimuth full-period signal and does not have interference, outputting a high-speed azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal or an elevation signal;
step (34): if the signal is a high-speed azimuth full-period signal and has interference, a high-speed azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the high-speed azimuth signal and the high-speed azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the anti-azimuth signal and the anti-azimuth signal, or an elevation angle signal and an elevation angle multipath interference signal synchronizing with the elevation angle signal are output.
As some possible embodiments, the specific steps of step (4) are:
step (41): if the user selects the output signal of step (31), composing the selected signal into a main path analog signal according to the time base signal;
step (42): if the user selects the output signal in the step (32), the selected azimuth signal, the selected anti-azimuth signal or the selected elevation angle signal form a main path analog signal, and one path of the azimuth multipath interference signal, the anti-azimuth multipath interference signal or the selected elevation angle multipath interference signal is selected to generate a multipath analog signal;
step (43): if the user selects the output signal of step (33), composing the selected signal into a main path analog signal according to the time base signal;
step (44): if the user selects the output signal in step (34), the selected high speed azimuth signal, anti-azimuth signal or elevation angle signal is formed into a main path analog signal, and one path of the high speed azimuth multipath interference signal, anti-azimuth multipath interference signal or elevation angle multipath interference signal is selected to generate a multipath analog signal.
As some possible embodiments, the specific steps of step (5) are:
step (51): superposing the main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal in the step (42), and superposing the multi-path analog signal to the corresponding main path analog signal so as to generate multi-path interference;
step (52): superposing the main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal in the step (44); the multipath analog signal is superimposed on the corresponding main path analog signal, thereby generating multipath interference.
As some possible embodiments, the specific steps of step (6) are:
and (6): and (4) outputting the signals of the step (41), the step (43), the step (51) or the step (52), converting the signals into analog signals through a digital-to-analog converter, and generating baseband signals through a signal conditioning circuit.
As some possible examples, the time-based signal is generated according to the requirements of the GJB 2275-95 national military standard.
The time-base signal of the ordinary azimuth full-period signal is similar to that of the high-speed azimuth full-period signal, and the high-speed azimuth full-period signal is more compact due to the fact that the high-speed azimuth time sequence is shorter.
As some possible embodiments, the azimuth multipath interference signal is obtained by mapping according to an azimuth signal, and the multipath interference signal and the corresponding signal are only different in parameter setting and are realized in the same manner, so that the corresponding multipath interference signal can be generated by mapping through parameter modification, and the following multipath interference signals are similar;
as some possible embodiments, the high speed azimuth multipath interference signal is mapped according to a high speed azimuth signal;
as some possible embodiments, the anti-azimuth multipath interference signal is mapped according to an anti-azimuth signal;
as some possible embodiments, the elevation multipath interference signal is mapped according to an elevation signal.
The full-digital multipath interference signal simulation is based on the format specified by GJB 2275-95, the signal generated by the original analog circuit is changed into the corresponding data sequence generated by FPGA, then converted into analog signal by DAC, and then the baseband signal is generated by the signal conditioning circuit. The circuit of the scheme is simple in design, mainly works in programming of an FPGA program, the flexibility of the system is improved, the addition of other functions of the system is facilitated, the FPGA has strict time sequence control, and the signal output can reach high precision and is strictly matched with synchronous signals. The signal precision is mainly related to the working clock of the internal logic of the FPGA and the sampling frequency and the number of bits of the DAC, the sampling frequency of the DAC can be very high at present, the number of bits is usually 16 bits, the working clock of the FPGA can also reach higher frequency, the requirement of the system precision is completely met, and the stability is very good.
The scheme conforms to the design idea of FPGA multi-path parallelism and assembly line, can shorten the delay time of a key path and is beneficial to realization at a high speed. The method comprises the following specific steps.
(1) And generating the whole microwave landing simulation signal according to the system parameters obtained by parameter setting. Firstly, judging whether the working mode is a common azimuth full-period signal or a high-speed azimuth full-period signal, then generating a corresponding time-base signal, and generating a corresponding azimuth signal, a high-speed azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal and an elevation signal by adopting a time-division multiplexing mode, thereby forming a main path analog signal. According to the time base signal and the synchronous setting, the corresponding very accurate synchronous signal can be output, and the output holding time of the synchronous signal can be guaranteed to be very accurate.
(2) The principle of multipath generation is multipath interference caused by the problems of reflection of the main path and the like, so that multipath interference signals are similar to the main path signals, reference and logic multiplexing can be performed during generation, corresponding multipath interference signals are generated by multipath parallel mapping according to different parameters, and the workload of code writing is greatly reduced. Because the multipath interference signal needs to be associated with synchronization, the multipath interference signal can only be superposed on the current synchronous functional signal, so that switch selection is needed, and after the switch selection, the multipath analog signal is generated.
(3) The main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal generated in the FPGA are superposed in a production line to generate a data sequence of the analog signal, and the method can shorten the delay time of a main path, improve the stability of a system and reduce the difficulty of time sequence constraint. After the clock crossing problem is solved through FIFO, the clock crossing signal is output to a DAC.
(4) The analog signal generated by the DAC generates a baseband signal after passing through the signal conditioning circuit. The signal conditioning circuit is simple in design, only simple filtering and amplitude control are needed to be carried out on signals, and a complex circuit structure involved in the realization of an original analog circuit is not needed to be designed.
TABLE 1 introduction of terms
Example 2: the present disclosure also provides a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation system;
a microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation system comprises: the FPGA, the DAC digital-to-analog converter and the signal conditioning circuit are connected in sequence; the FPGA is internally stored with a computer program, and when the computer program is operated, the steps of the method are completed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): setting a working mode, wherein the working mode comprises the following steps: a normal azimuth full-period signal or a high-speed azimuth full-period signal; generating a corresponding time base signal according to the working mode, judging the current working mode through the time base signal, and controlling the generation time of the signal according to the current working mode so as to generate a corresponding signal;
step (2): setting the type of the output signal; the signal types include: no interference or interference;
and (3): outputting a signal: outputting signals of a preset working mode and a preset output signal type;
and (4): receiving a selection instruction of a user for selecting a signal from the output signals, and outputting a main path analog signal or a main path analog signal and a multi-path analog signal according to the selection instruction;
and (5): signal superposition: superposing the main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal to obtain a multi-path interference signal;
and (6): converting the main path analog signal in the step (4) or the multi-path interference signal in the step (5) into an analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter, and generating a baseband signal through a signal conditioning circuit;
the specific steps of the step (3) are as follows:
step (31): if the signal is a common azimuth full-period signal and does not have interference, outputting an azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal or an elevation signal;
step (32): if the signal is a common azimuth full-period signal and has interference, outputting an azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the azimuth signal and the azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the anti-azimuth signal and the anti-azimuth signal, or an elevation multipath interference signal synchronizing the elevation signal and the elevation signal;
step (33): if the signal is a high-speed azimuth full-period signal and does not have interference, outputting a high-speed azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal or an elevation signal;
step (34): if the signal is a high-speed azimuth full-period signal and has interference, outputting a high-speed azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the high-speed azimuth signal and the high-speed azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth multipath interference signal synchronizing the anti-azimuth signal and the anti-azimuth signal, or an elevation angle signal and an elevation angle multipath interference signal synchronizing with the elevation angle signal;
the specific steps of the step (4) are as follows:
step (41): if the user selects the output signal of step (31), composing the selected signal into a main path analog signal according to the time base signal;
step (42): if the user selects the output signal in the step (32), the selected azimuth signal, the selected anti-azimuth signal or the selected elevation angle signal form a main path analog signal, and one path of the azimuth multipath interference signal, the anti-azimuth multipath interference signal or the selected elevation angle multipath interference signal is selected to generate a multipath analog signal;
step (43): if the user selects the output signal of step (33), composing the selected signal into a main path analog signal according to the time base signal;
step (44): if the user selects the output signal in the step (34), the selected high-speed azimuth signal, the selected anti-azimuth signal or the selected elevation angle signal form a main path analog signal, and one path of the high-speed azimuth multipath interference signal, the selected anti-azimuth multipath interference signal or the selected elevation angle multipath interference signal is selected to generate a multipath analog signal;
the high-speed azimuth multipath interference signal is obtained by mapping the high-speed azimuth signal;
the anti-azimuth multipath interference signal is obtained by mapping according to an anti-azimuth signal; the elevation angle multipath interference signal is mapped according to the elevation angle signal.
2. The method for simulating microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signals according to claim 1, wherein the normal azimuth all-periodic signal comprises: an azimuth signal, an anti-azimuth signal, or an elevation signal; the high-speed azimuth full-periodic signal comprises: high speed azimuth signals, anti-azimuth signals, or elevation signals.
3. The microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) comprises the following steps:
step (51): superposing the main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal in the step (42), and superposing the multi-path analog signal to the corresponding main path analog signal so as to generate multi-path interference;
step (52): superposing the main path analog signal and the multi-path analog signal in the step (44); the multipath analog signal is superimposed on the corresponding main path analog signal, thereby generating multipath interference.
4. The microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation method according to claim 3, wherein the step (6) comprises the following steps:
and (6): and (4) outputting the signals of the step (41), the step (43), the step (51) or the step (52), converting the signals into analog signals through a digital-to-analog converter, and generating baseband signals through a signal conditioning circuit.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time-base signal is generated according to the GJB 2275-95 standard.
6. A microwave landing all-digital multipath interference signal simulation system is characterized by comprising: the FPGA, the DAC digital-to-analog converter and the signal conditioning circuit are connected in sequence; the FPGA has stored therein a computer program which, when executed, performs the steps of the method of any one of claims 1-5.
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