CN109504847B - Low-cost plastic die steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost plastic die steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109504847B CN109504847B CN201811480289.6A CN201811480289A CN109504847B CN 109504847 B CN109504847 B CN 109504847B CN 201811480289 A CN201811480289 A CN 201811480289A CN 109504847 B CN109504847 B CN 109504847B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Abstract
The invention provides a low-cost plastic die steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the die steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.15% -0.25%, Si: 0.40-0.80%, Mn: 1.60% -2.80%, Cr: 1.50 to 2.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, 4.3 to 5.0 percent of Si + Mn + Cr, 2.3 to 3.5 percent of Si + Mn, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The full-thickness homogeneity degree of the die steel is within 3HRC, and the transverse and longitudinal impact ratio can reach 0.84-0.87; the preparation method comprises smelting, casting, heating, rolling and heat treatment; the plastic die steel produced by the method has higher hardness which can reach 37-40HRC, and the full-thickness homogeneity degree reaches 3 HRC; has excellent isotropic performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material production, and particularly relates to low-cost plastic die steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The production technology level of various moulds serving as basic process equipment becomes one of important marks for measuring the manufacturing level of a national product. The mold industry in China will develop towards large scale, precision, complexity, high efficiency, long service life and multifunction. In recent years, the mold industry in China is rapidly developed, the yield is leaping forward in the world, and plastic forming molds are mainly used. However, the price of the metal raw materials such as Mo, Ni and V rises sharply, so that the price of the plastic die steel also rises continuously. The development of plastic die steel with low cost and high performance has great significance for die production enterprises.
The prior patent technology and literature on plastic die steel are more. The invention discloses a pre-hardening treatment method of plastic die steel (CN101805820A), which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c0.36, Si 0.52, Mn 0.86, P0.014, S0.003, Cr 1.74 and Mo 0.36. The invention discloses a pre-hardened plastic die steel and a manufacturing method thereof (CN 102899571A). The pre-hardened plastic die steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.35 to 0.45 percent of C, 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Si, 1.30 to 1.80 percent of Mn, 1.5 to 2.0 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.04 to 0.12 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P, and less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S. The invention discloses a production method of a free-cutting plastic die steel plate (CN103556065A), which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.35 to 0.45 percent of C, 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Si, 1.50 to 1.60 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of P, 0.05 to 0.10 percent of S, 0.010 to 0.045 percent of Als, 1.80 to 2.00 percent of Cr, and 0.15 to 0.20 percent of Mo. The invention discloses a high-toughness plastic die steel and a production method thereof (CN 103710625A). The pre-hardened plastic die steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.30 to 0.42 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.50 percent of Si, 0.75 to 1.00 percent of Mn, 1.50 to 2.00 percent of Cr, 0.25 to 0.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, 0.010 to 0.040 percent of Als, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The invention discloses an economical plastic die steel plate and a manufacturing method thereof (CN 106811687A). The plastic die steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.40 to 0.50 percent of C, 0.40 to 0.70 percent of Si, 1.10 to 1.50 percent of Mn1, 0.60 to 0.80 percent of Cr, 010 to 0.20 percent of Mo, 0.001 to 0.0012 percent of B, less than 0.020 percent of P, less than 0.015 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The chemical components of the plastic die steel related by the invention all contain 0.1-0.5% of noble metals Mo and V, and the like, so that the alloy cost is high.
The 'bainite prehardening type plastic die steel and the preparation and heat treatment method thereof' applied by the patent CN102650021A adopts multidirectional forging hot working; then cooling in an air cooling and air cooling mode; and finally, tempering heat treatment is carried out, the production period is longer, the efficiency is low, and the production cost is greatly improved by adopting forging, normalizing and tempering.
The patent CN104294159A 'a novel plastic die steel and its preparation and heat treatment process' adopts a production process of primary rolling heating, spheroidizing annealing, preheating in a vacuum furnace, quenching heating, then oil cooling or air cooling, and continuous tempering treatment for three times, and has large energy consumption and higher process cost.
In patent CN107587075A, "Low cost Plastic die Steel and method for producing the same", although it does not contain precious metals Mo, Ni, etc., the cost is sharply increased by normalizing and tempering after rolling.
The on-line pre-hardening process is adopted in the research on the structure and hardness of economical P20 plastic die steel (Sponghua et al, heat treatment, 2010, 5(21):31-34), but the hardness fluctuates greatly as the plate thickness increases.
As can be seen from the above, the existing plastic die steel has the defects of high alloy cost, complex process or insufficient performance and the like. Therefore, the development of plastic mold steels that combine low cost and high performance has certain challenges for the mold industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to overcome the above problems and disadvantages and to provide a low-cost plastic die steel having excellent properties and low cost, and a method for manufacturing the same, which shortens a manufacturing period.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the low-cost plastic die steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.15% -0.25%, Si: 0.40-0.80%, Mn: 1.60% -2.80%, Cr: 1.50 to 2.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, 4.3 to 5.0 percent of Si + Mn + Cr, 2.3 to 3.5 percent of Si + Mn, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The full-thickness homogeneity degree of the die steel is within 3HRC, and the transverse and longitudinal impact ratio can reach 0.84-0.87.
The invention has the following design reasons:
c: one part participates in solid solution strengthening, and the other part forms carbide with alloy elements to participate in precipitation strengthening. Carbon forms mainly carbides. In order to reduce the carbon equivalent of steel and the flame gas cutting sensitivity of steel, the carbon content needs to be reduced. However, if the carbon content is too low, the bainite structure is not easily obtained, the hardness of the steel cannot be guaranteed, and if the carbon content is too high, the non-uniformity of carbides is increased, and the toughness of the steel is seriously affected. In order to ensure the comprehensive performance of the plastic die steel, the carbon content is selected to be 0.15-0.25%.
Si: the replacement solid solution strengthening of ferrite is very effective, and generally causes spherical symmetric distortion of iron, and can generate elastic interaction with edge dislocation. The solid solution of Si reduces the lattice constant of the ferrite matrix, the atomic radius is 0.118nm, and the alpha-Fe is 0.126nm, so that the solid solution alloy element with the reduced lattice constant has a relatively effective strengthening effect. Si is also an effective element for improving the tempering resistance. Si reduces the diffusion speed of carbon in ferrite, so that carbides precipitated during tempering are not easy to aggregate, and the tempering stability is improved. The carbide of the tempered martensite and the matrix can be kept coherent and uniformly distributed, and the tempered martensite can be kept to be matched with good obdurability. But Si reduces the toughness and plasticity of steel to a certain extent, so that the Si content of the invention is 0.40-0.80% to obtain good toughness and toughness matching.
Mn: the nature and shape of the oxides formed when the steel solidifies can be altered. Meanwhile, the high-strength high-toughness high-strength steel has a larger affinity with S, can avoid forming low-melting-point sulfide FeS on a crystal boundary, and exists in MnS with. Mn has a solid solution strengthening effect, thereby improving the strength and hardness of ferrite and austenite. Manganese is a weak carbide former which can dissolve into cementite to form alloyed cementite (Fe, Mn)3C, which is formed to lower the free energy of the system, i.e., to tend to a more stable state. The dissolution of manganese into austenite strongly increases the hardenability of the steel and also strongly decreases the Ms point of the steel. In order to obtain good toughness matching, the invention adopts the design idea of low-carbon high-manganese alloy, and the Mn content is selected to be 1.60-2.80%.
Cr: chromium can increase the hardenability of steel, improve the tempering stability and generate a secondary hardening phenomenon; chromium is a medium-strong carbide forming element, can form carbide with carbon in steel and can also be dissolved in solid solution and Fe3In C, chromium has a favorable influence on the wear resistance, high-temperature strength, hot hardness and toughness of the steel, and the dissolution of chromium into the matrix can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the steel. However, when the content is too high, the structure can be coarsened, so that the content of Cr added is 1.50-2.00 percent.
Research shows that under certain austenitizing conditions and certain cooling speed, the difference in the obtained structure mainly depends on the contents of carbon and alloy elements in the steel. The decisive component influencing the hardness of the martensite is carbon, the effect of the alloying element is small, and the hardenability of the martensite is mainly determined by carbon. However, the hardness of bainite is strongly related to the contents of carbon and alloying elements. Where the effect of silicon is more pronounced and the effect of carbon is much less than for martensite. Therefore, in order to obtain the final properties excellent in both strength and toughness, it is necessary to control the blending of the alloying elements. In order to save the alloy cost, the invention does not add alloy elements with higher cost such as Mo, Ni, V and the like, adopts the design idea of low C and high Mn, fully exerts the mutual matching effect of Si, Mn and Cr, and also obtains the plastic die steel plate with excellent performance, so that the invention has the advantages that Si + Mn + Cr is 4.3-5.0 percent, and Si + Mn is 2.3-3.5 percent.
P, S: contributes to improvement of machinability. If the content is too much, serious segregation can be caused, and the homogeneity and the purity of the steel are influenced, but in consideration of the production cost, P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and S is less than or equal to 0.015 percent.
The second technical scheme of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the plastic die steel with low cost, which comprises smelting, casting, heating, rolling and heat treatment;
casting the smelted molten steel into a steel billet; putting the steel billet into a heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating process is divided into three stages, namely: 670 ℃ -730 ℃, the heating rate is 60-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 1-2.5 h, and the second stage is as follows: 1170-1230 ℃, the heating rate is 60-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 2.5-4.5 h, and the third stage is as follows: 1210-1250 ℃, the heating rate is 60-100 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 5-8 h; the heating system of the invention is beneficial to fully dissolving the alloy elements, improving the distribution of the alloy elements in the center of the casting blank and effectively reducing the segregation degree. And rolling the heated steel billet in multiple passes to obtain a steel plate with the specification of 20-120mm, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1150-1250 ℃, the reduction rate of the first two passes is 15% -25%, the rolling rate is controlled at 10-20r/min, and the final rolling temperature is 950-1050 ℃. The central part of the plastic die steel can be fully deformed by adopting a low-speed high-pressure process, so that the diffusion and the connection of pores are promoted, the reduction of the pores is facilitated, and the defects are prevented. After the steel plate is taken off line, the steel plate is cooled to 600-650 ℃ by adopting an air cooling mode, energy-saving heat-insulating cotton is wrapped on the steel plate within the range of 570-620 ℃, the heat-insulating cotton can be repeatedly used and is kept for 5-7h, the steel plate generates a self-tempering effect by utilizing the self heat release of the steel plate, the steel plate is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and the steel plate achieves good performance.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. metal elements with higher alloy cost such as Mo, Ni and V are not added, and a plastic die steel with simple production process and short period is obtained through the interaction of Si, Mn and Cr alloy elements according to the design idea of low-C and high-Mn alloy;
2. the plastic die steel has higher hardness which can reach 37-40HRC, and the full-thickness homogeneity degree reaches 3 HRC;
3. has excellent isotropic performance, and the transverse and longitudinal impact ratio can reach 0.84-0.87. As can be seen, the hardness, toughness and isotropic performance of the plastic die steel are all superior to those of 3Cr2Mo steel.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
According to the embodiment of the invention, smelting, casting, heating, rolling and heat treatment are carried out according to the component proportion of the technical scheme. Casting the smelted molten steel into a steel billet; putting the steel billet into a heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating process is divided into three stages, namely: 670 ℃ -730 ℃, the heating rate is 60-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 1-2.5 h, and the second stage is as follows: 1170-1230 ℃, the heating rate is 60-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 2.5-4.5 h, and the third stage is as follows: 1210-1250 ℃, the heating rate is 60-100 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 5-8 h; rolling the heated steel billet in multiple passes to obtain a steel plate with the specification of 20-120mm, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1150-1250 ℃, the reduction rate of the first two passes is 15% -25%, the rolling rate is controlled at 10-20r/min, and the final rolling temperature is 950-1050 ℃; and after the steel plate is off line, cooling the steel plate to 600-650 ℃ by adopting an air cooling mode, and preserving heat for 5-7h within the range of 570-620 ℃. The compositions of the steels of the examples of the invention are shown in table 1. The heating process parameters of the steel of the embodiment of the invention are shown in Table 2. The main process parameters of the rolling and the heat treatment of the steel of the embodiment of the invention are shown in Table 3. The Rockwell hardness of the steels of the examples of the present invention is shown in Table 4. The steel of the examples of the present invention has the isotropic properties shown in Table 5.
TABLE 1 composition (wt%) of steels of examples of the present invention
| Examples | C | Si | Mn | Cr | P | S | Si+Mn+Cr | Si+Mn |
| 1 | 0.15 | 0.60 | 2.80 | 1.60 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 5 | 3.4 |
| 2 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 2.50 | 2.00 | 0.013 | 0.014 | 5 | 3 |
| 3 | 0.25 | 0.80 | 1.60 | 1.90 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 4.3 | 2.4 |
| 4 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 1.92 | 1.98 | 0.012 | 0.013 | 4.3 | 2.32 |
| 5 | 0.21 | 0.75 | 2.40 | 1.83 | 0.013 | 0.010 | 4.98 | 3.15 |
| 6 | 0.17 | 0.73 | 2.74 | 1.50 | 0.014 | 0.015 | 4.97 | 3.47 |
| 7 | 0.22 | 0.67 | 2.63 | 1.70 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 5 | 3.3 |
| 8 | 0.24 | 0.70 | 1.71 | 1.89 | 0.009 | 0.014 | 4.3 | 2.41 |
TABLE 2 heating Process parameters of steels of examples of the present invention
TABLE 3 Main Process parameters for Rolling and Heat treatment of steels according to examples of the invention
TABLE 4 Rockwell hardness of steels of examples of the invention
TABLE 5 Isotropic Properties of steels according to the invention examples
In order to express the present invention, the above embodiments are properly and fully described by way of examples, and the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the relevant art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made by the persons skilled in the relevant art should be included in the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The low-cost plastic die steel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.15% -0.25%, Si: 0.40-0.80%, Mn: 1.71-2.80%, Cr: 1.50 to 2.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, 4.3 to 5.0 percent of Si + Mn + Cr, 2.3 to 3.5 percent of Si + Mn, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. A low cost plastics die steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the die steel has a through thickness homogeneity of within 3HRC and a transverse to longitudinal impact ratio of up to 0.84-0.87.
3. A method for preparing a low-cost plastic mold steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising smelting, casting, heating, rolling, heat treatment; the method is characterized in that:
casting the smelted molten steel into a steel billet; putting the steel billet into a heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating process is divided into three stages, namely: 670 ℃ -730 ℃, the heating rate is 60-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 1-2.5 h, and the second stage is as follows: 1170-1230 ℃, the heating rate is 60-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 2.5-4.5 h, and the third stage is as follows: 1210-1250 ℃, the heating rate is 60-100 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 5-8 h; rolling the heated steel billet in multiple passes to obtain a steel plate with the specification of 20-120mm, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1150-1250 ℃, the reduction rate of the first two passes is 15% -25%, the rolling rate is controlled at 10-20r/min, and the final rolling temperature is 1010-1050 ℃; and after the steel plate is off line, cooling the steel plate to 600-650 ℃ by adopting an air cooling mode, and preserving heat for 5-7h within the range of 570-620 ℃.
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| CN113512681B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-07-22 | 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 | Plastic die steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN113481357B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-21 | 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 | Plastic die steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN114892094B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-03-03 | 宝武集团鄂城钢铁有限公司 | Pre-hardened mirror plastic die steel and production method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101476086A (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2009-07-08 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Economic steel for plastic cavity die and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105112794A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-02 | 石家庄钢铁有限责任公司 | Low-cost plastic mold steel and production method thereof |
| CN107587075A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-16 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Inexpensive plastic die steel and its production method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101476086A (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2009-07-08 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Economic steel for plastic cavity die and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105112794A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-02 | 石家庄钢铁有限责任公司 | Low-cost plastic mold steel and production method thereof |
| CN107587075A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-16 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Inexpensive plastic die steel and its production method |
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