CN101476086A - Economic steel for plastic cavity die and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Economic steel for plastic cavity die and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101476086A CN101476086A CNA2008100322137A CN200810032213A CN101476086A CN 101476086 A CN101476086 A CN 101476086A CN A2008100322137 A CNA2008100322137 A CN A2008100322137A CN 200810032213 A CN200810032213 A CN 200810032213A CN 101476086 A CN101476086 A CN 101476086A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of producing economy and plastic type steel for cavity moulds. The method comprises the following steps: a) proportioning the components by quality as follows: C of 0.10-0.25, Si of 0.10-0.50, Mn of 1.20-1.80, Cr of 1.20-2.00, Ni of 0.10-0.30, S<=0.010, P<=0.020, V of 0.05-0.30, Al of 0.010-0.040, N of 0.002-0.006, Ca of 0.0010-0.0060, Ti/N=3-5, and Fe of the rest; b) smelting and casting to form steel feeds; c) heating the steel feeds to 1150-1250 DEG C and the temperature-keeping time being calculated by the effective thickness of 1-1.5min/mm; d) controlling the final rolling temperature within the austenite recrystallization temperature range of 870-950 DEG C; e) adopting a single-plate direct air cooling mode to cool the final rolled thick steel plates with a cooling rate of 0.2-10.0 DEG C/s.According to the invention, because Cr-Mo-Ni alloy or Mn-Mo-B alloy component system is replaced by the Mn-Cr alloy component system and no thermal treatment of quenching and tempering is needed, the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to die steel and manufacture method thereof, particularly a kind of economic steel for plastic cavity die and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the development of industrial production technology and the novel material that constantly occurs, plastics have become a kind of important Industrial materials and have been widely used in all departments of national economy.From the spacecraft to naval vessels, from the material of construction to the agriculture production, from household electrical appliance to the toy for children, all be unable to do without plastics.For this reason, much the output value of industrially developed country's mould of plastics ranks first at the mold manufacturing industry meta.Mould of plastics is pressed big class branch with steel, the manufacturing of mould bases mould steel and type cavity mould manufacturing steel are arranged, use the hardness requirement to be: the hardness that is used for the mould bases die steel is HRC22～24, represent steel grade that Japanese steel S50C～55C is arranged, be quenching and tempering type mould bases die steel, be used for type cavity mould and be divided into HRC28～32, HRC33～37 and HRC38～43, represent steel grade that P20, the P20+Ni of U.S. AISI standard and the NAK80 of Japanese Daido company are arranged, be quenching and tempering type type cavity mould steel with the hardness of steel.
Usually between 15～500mm, its gordian technique is to guarantee steel plate thickness direction tissue and uniformity of hardness distribution to the steel plate thickness of type cavity mould usefulness steel, thereby obtains good polishing performance, atmospheric corrosion resistance and lower gas cutting crack sensitivity.For a long time, carbon alloy composition design system during type cavity mould all adopts with steel, bullion contents such as the Cr in the steel, Ni, Mo are higher, and purpose is needed performance and hardness requirement when obtaining mfg. moulding die by quenching-and-tempering process.
As shown in table 1, the patent that has adopts Mn-Cr-Mo-Ni high alloy composition system, as China Patent No. CN86103713A, and CN1576382A and european patent number EP0247415A2; The patent that has adopts Cr-Mo-Ni-Cu high alloy composition system, as Japanese Patent No. JP2003-201537A, China Patent No. CN86103713A; The patent that has is a Mn-Mo-B alloying constituent system, and the patent No. has Chinese patent publication number CN1224769A.
Chinese patent publication number CN1224769A " a kind of manufacture method of microalloy plastic die steel ", its alloying constituent is (weight %), C 0.20～0.30, Si 0.10～0.60, and Mn 1.70～2.50, and P 0.035～0.080, S 0.010～0.040, Mo 0.20～0.50, and V 0.05～0.20, and B 0.0005～0.0050, Ca 0.00050～0.010, N 0.0050～0.0080, Ti/N=3～4, and all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The key alloying element of this patent is C, Mn, Mo and B, though these elements make steel have higher hardening capacity, also can obtain single bainite structure under air cooling condition after the hot-work.Problem is because the carbon content of this steel is between 0.20～0.25%, manganese content is 1.70～2.50%, and boron content is 0.0005～0.0050%, because carbon, manganese belong to easy segregation alloying element, too high manganese content can cause the slab core segregation of industrial production large section serious, and the serious direct result of alloy segregation is exactly the brittle martensitic stucture of the easy acquisition of slab core segregation line after hot-work.Though this martensitic stucture can change the tempered sorbite tissue into by follow-up high tempering thermal treatment, but tempered sorbite hardness differs greatly with normal position bainite structure hardness, because core is different with other position tissue, machinability and polishing performance are adversely affected, and boron content is difficult to accurate control when smelting.Therefore, though this patent of invention has successfully adopted the composition mentality of designing of non-hardened bainite steel, be difficult to guarantee the identity property and the homogeneity of whole section structure of certain thickness steel plate and hardness.
The patent of Chinese patent publication number CN1576382A " the injection-moulding plastic die steel of machinability excellence ", its alloying constituent is (weight %), C 0.10～0.30%, and Si 0.40～0.70%, and Mn 0.90～1.50%, S 0.005～0.020%, Cr 1.0～2.50%, and Ni 0.10～0.50%, Mo0.20～0.50%, V 0.0010～0.20%, and all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The key alloying element of this patent is Cr, Mo.These elements coupling mainly is to improve the hardening capacity of steel, makes this patent steel obtain martensitic stucture after quench (oil quenching), changes tempered sorbite and carbide precipitate after the tempering into and plays the secondary hardening effect of steel.
Because this patent steel is to reach the hardness of large-section plastic mould steel and other performance requriements by subsequent heat treatment (quenchings+tempering), the hardness after modified also can reach HRC29～31.Problem is an extremely ununiformity of large section module surface and the speed of cooling of center in quenching process (oil quenching), cause tissue and difference of hardness distance on the module thickness bigger, the martensitic stucture that forms in the quenching process improves large section module quenching crack susceptibility simultaneously.In addition, steel environmental pollution when oil quenching is more serious, is unfavorable for environment protection requirement.
Along with advancing by leaps and bounds of world steel output, rising violently of iron ore precious metal Mo, Ni price causes die cavity also constantly soaring thereupon with the price of plastic die steel.Cost of development is low and have better solidity to corrosion and polishability, hardness become present die steel manufacturing enterprise with steel at the die cavity mould of plastics of HRC28～32 a important topic.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of economic steel for plastic cavity die and manufacture method thereof, have stable hardness value, mechanical property and polishing performance and moisture-proof hot corrosion resistance preferably, can be used for hardness is HRC28～32, steel plate thickness≤70mm die cavity mould of plastics.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is,
A kind of economic steel for plastic cavity die, its chemical ingredients mass percent is:
C 0.10～0.25
Si 0.10～0.50
Mn 1.20～1.80
Cr 1.20～2.00
Ni 0.10～0.30
S ≤0.010
P ≤0.020
V 0.05～0.30
Al 0.010～0.040
N 0.002～0.006
Ca 0.0010～0.0060
Ti/N＝3～5
All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Carbon: 0.10～0.25%, carbon is strengthening element most economical, the most basic in the steel.By the intensity and the hardness of solution strengthening and precipitation strength raising steel, carbon also is the important element that guarantees to obtain bainite structure.Too low, can not guarantee that then steel obtains bainite structure and required mechanical performance index; Too high, can increase the segregation tendency of steel in continuous casting or die casting process, cause the steel plate segregation serious, final finished steel plate core forms martensitic stucture and causes mechanical property defective.
Silicon: 0.10～0.50%, suitably Si is a useful reductor in the steel, can form the calcium aluminium silicate inclusion that is easy to float by calcium aluminium in steel, improves purity of steel.But too high silicone content can improve the hardening capacity of steel, forms steel plate heart portion martensitic stucture.
Manganese: 1.20～1.80%, manganese plays the solution strengthening effect in steel, be cheap strengthening element.Mn also is the important element that obtains bainite structure.Manganese content is too low, the Mn/Si ratio that is difficult to guarantee bainite hardening capacity He improves the molten steel castability; Too high, then easily produce the slab segregation phenomena, form martensitic stucture.
Chromium: 1.20～2.00%, chromium is the key element that improves steel hardenability and erosion resistance, is the important alloying element that economic steel for plastic cavity die obtains bainite structure and raising moisture-proof hot corrosion resistance.Too high chromium can cause the formation of low melting point Cr-Mn composite oxides in the steel, forms surface crack in hot procedure.
Nickel: 0.10～0.30%, suitable nickel content can promote bainite structure to change, and improves the toughness of steel.But too high nickel content can increase cost of alloy.
Vanadium: 0.05～0.30 vanadium is strong carbonitride forming element.Because add an amount of titanium in the steel, the formation temperature of titanium and nitrogen is higher,, make the main carburet of vanadium therefore by controlling the content of titanium, nitrogen.It is low than titanium nitride and titanium carbide that vanadium carbide is separated out temperature, when hot rolling and hot rolling technology coupling, and separating out thinning microstructure and improving intensity and toughness by the control vanadium carbide.
Titanium/nitrogen: Ti/N=3～5, titanium are strong solid N elements, and the stoichiometric ratio of Ti/N is 3.42, utilize the Ti fixing N below 0.006% in the steel just about 0.02%, can form the TiN precipitated phase of tiny high-temperature stable when sheet billet continuous casting.Austenite crystal when this tiny TiN particle can hinder the slab reheat is effectively grown up, and simultaneously, can avoid low melting point Cr-Mn composite oxides to form to high chromium steel, prevents that surface crack from producing.But its content can not be too high, and not so the TiN particle is thick, not only can not stop grain growth, and can damage the polishing performance of steel.
Calcium: 0.0010～0.0060%, by suitable Ca/S specific energy control oxide morphology, make rectangular sulfide be deformed into spindle-type or ball-shaped oxygen sulfur compound, can improve machinability.Calcium contents is less than at 0.001 o'clock does not have effect to sulfide distortion, can increase the steel inclusion area percent and cross high calcium content, forms large inclusions, and the mechanical property of steel is caused damage.
Aluminium: Al 0.010～0.030%, aluminium are the main deoxidant elements in the steel, control suitable aluminium content, help deoxidation and crystal grain thinning in the steel.Too high aluminium content easily forms more AlN inclusion, causes the slab crackle; Cross low aluminium content, to such an extent as to can't avoid the lower alloying element of oxidation capacity to form the low melting point inclusion, unfavorable to the crystalline grain of steel refinement.
Sulphur, phosphorus: P≤0.02%, S≤0.01%, sulphur, phosphorus are unavoidable impurities elements in the steel, and it is low more good more to wish, to reduce segregation.
The manufacture method of economic steel for plastic cavity die of the present invention comprises the steps:
A) its chemical ingredients mass percent is: C 0.10～0.25, Si 0.10～0.50, Mn 1.20～1.80, Cr 1.20～2.00, Ni 0.10～0.30, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, V 0.05～0.30, Al 0.010～0.040, N 0.002～0.006, Ca 0.0010～0.0060, Ti/N=3～5, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities;
B) press mentioned component and smelt, cast the formation steel billet;
C) steel billet is heated to 1150～1250 ℃, soaking time is pressed net thickness 1～1.5min/mm and is calculated;
D) carry out finishing temperature control in the temperature range of austenite recrystallization, finishing temperature is between 870～950 ℃;
E) the finish to gauge Plate Steel adopts spiral-plate Direct Air-Cooled mode, and the steel plate speed of cooling is controlled between 0.2～10.0 ℃/s.
Further, step f) can be carried out tempering to eliminate internal stress to cooled steel plate, and tempering temperature is 400 ℃～550 ℃.
Wherein, continuous casting or die casting are adopted in casting, and control continuous casting casting speed guarantees continuous casting casting speed≤1.0m/min, can make the good effect of all even surface quality of strand internal component; Static ingot need be rolled into plate slab.Continuously cast bloom and cogged ingot adopt speed of cooling slowly, can avoid martensitic transformation to cause cracking.
The heating and temperature control of continuously cast bloom or bloom is between 1150 ℃～1250 ℃, can make on the one hand V (C, N) grade in an imperial examination two-phase particle dissolves, Ti (C, N) be partly dissolved, guaranteeing to obtain uniform austenitizing tissue under the situation that austenite crystal is not grown up.Start rolling temperature≤1150 ℃, can guarantee that steel is rolling in the austenite recrystallization district during 870～950 ℃ of finishing temperatures, deformed austenite is recrystallized, obtain uniform formation after the single steel plate Direct Air-Cooled after rolling, guarantee the homogeneity of steel plate thick section hardness or intensity.
Size instability when the structural stress of air cooling steel plate will cause the die cavity die sinking after rolling, therefore factory must carry out the destressing tempering to moulding stock, improve the inner quality of die steel, make die steel under working conditions, have good comprehensive mechanical properties and structure stability.Tempering temperature is controlled between 400～550 ℃, guarantees that the hardness after the tempering is HRC28～32.
Composition of the present invention is simple, based on Mn, Cr alloy, gives small amount of N i alloy.Manganese plays the solution strengthening effect in steel, be cheap strengthening element; Mn also is the important element that obtains bainite structure.Chromium is the key element that improves steel hardenability and erosion resistance, also is the important element that obtains bainite structure.By the rational Match of Mn, Cr alloy, replaced the precious metal element Mo that has to add in a lot of patents; Secondly,, on technology, take low-temperature heat, control finishing temperature and the technological process of rolling the back air cooling in conjunction with design of alloy of the present invention.Finishing temperature is controlled at the austenite recrystallization district of steel, help the deformation austenite recrystallizationization, make after the product hot-work that the present invention produces and to obtain single uniform bainite structure after the spiral-plate Direct Air-Cooled, guarantee the stability of matrix hardness, guarantee polishing performance and moisture-proof hot corrosion resistance preferably simultaneously again.Simultaneous test shows that steel surface polishing energy of the present invention and moisture-proof hot corrosion resistance all are better than P20 and SP300.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
The die cavity mould of plastics steel that the present invention adopts mentioned component design and processes control method to make has substituted composition system based on Cr-Mo-Ni alloy or Mn-Mo-B alloy, reduction alloy manufacturing cost based on the composition system of Mn-Cr alloy.Making hardness with this invention steel is that HRC28～32 die cavity plastic die steels do not need modified thermal treatment, just can reach the requirement of mechanical property and hardness after rolling after the single steel plate Direct Air-Cooled, reduced manufacturing cost, and its tissue and hardness being more evenly distributed along the cross section, the polishing performance of steel and moisture-proof hot corrosion resistance are more excellent, can be used for mould of plastics industries such as automobile, electrical equipment, kitchen tools goods.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 rolls tissue topography (thickness of slab 60～70mm) photos of back behind the air cooling for steel of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of tempering temperature to the influence of the embodiment of the invention 1 hardness.
Fig. 3 is the moisture-proof thermal etching test synoptic diagram of steel of the present invention and compared steel.
Embodiment
The present invention is confirmed by following test.
Embodiment of the invention chemical ingredients sees Table 2, and production board thickness is 50～60mm.
Hardness test result shows, the whole cross section of test steel has all obtained basic equal hardness (HRC28～32) under above-mentioned technology, table 3 is the embodiment of the invention 1 steel plate, the embodiment of the invention 6 steel plates are along the Hardness Distribution situation of thickness of slab direction, table 4 is the present invention's example steel hardness and mechanical property under the air cooling after rolling, table 5 is hardness and the mechanical property under the embodiment of the invention steel tempering temperature condition, table 6 is the embodiment of the invention 1, embodiment 6 rolling technological parameters are to tissue, hardness and mechanical property influence, Fig. 2 is that the embodiment of the invention 1 tempering temperature is to hardness value influence figure.
After table 3 embodiment of the invention steel finish to gauge air cooling and the tempering along the Hardness Distribution of thickness of slab direction
Table 4 embodiment of the invention steel rolls hardness and the mechanical property under the air cooling condition of back
| Embodiment | Yield strength Rp 0.2MPa | Tensile strength Rm MPa | Unit elongation A % | Hardness HRC |
| 1 | 720 | 1060 | 13.5 | 30.9 |
| 2 | 705 | 1060 | 13.5 | 30.5 |
| 3 | 695 | 1060 | 18.0 | 30.0 |
| 4 | 695 | 1050 | 18.0 | 30.5 |
| 5 | 690 | 1040 | 17.75 | 30.5 |
| 6 | 685 | 1100 | 14.55 | 31.7 |
| 7 | 710 | 1080 | 13.0 | 32.0 |
| 8 | 700 | 1070 | 15.0 | 31.8 |
Table 5 under 520 ℃ of tempering temperatures, the hardness of embodiment of the invention steel and mechanical property
| Embodiment | Yield strength Rp 0.2MPa | Tensile strength Rm MPa | Unit elongation A % | Hardness HRC |
| 1 | 745 | 930 | 16.0 | 39.6 |
| 2 | 735 | 990 | 17.0 | 31.0 |
| 3 | 730 | 970 | 17.0 | 30.4 |
| 4 | 745 | 955 | 17.5 | 31.0 |
| 5 | 765 | 950 | 18.5 | 31.5 |
| 6 | 755 | 940 | 16.9 | 29.8 |
| 7 | 740 | 935 | 17.9 | 30.8 |
| 8 | 720 | 980 | 16.5 | 31.8 |
Table 6 embodiment of the invention rolling technological parameter tissue, hardness and mechanical property relation
| Embodiment | Heating temperature ℃ | Finishing temperature ℃ | The type of cooling | Yield strength Rp 0.2MPa | Tensile strength Rm MPa | Unit elongation A % | Hardness HRC | Microstructure |
| 1 | 1220 | 878 | The spiral-plate air cooling | 720 | 1060 | 13.5 | 30.9 | Bainite |
| 6 | 1160 | 945 | The spiral-plate air cooling | 685 | 1100 | 14.55 | 31.7 | Bainite |
In order to study the structural transformation characteristics of steel of the present invention after hot-work, on thermal modeling test, measured the dynamic CCT curve of embodiment of the invention steel.Change characteristics according to dynamic CCT curve, the steel plate that steel of the present invention is made is direct spiral-plate air cooling after hot-work, and speed of cooling promptly can obtain bainite structure and the hardness performance requriements in HRC28～32 after being controlled at 0.2～10.0 ℃/s.
The die cavity mould of plastics in use unavoidably contacts with atmosphere or humid atmosphere with steel, and occurs point corrosion easily, and this will influence the surface quality of die surface glossiness and plastics.Steel of the present invention and SP300, P20 belong to the die cavity mould of plastics steel of same class, and hardness requires all in HRC28～32.Its moisture-proof thermal etching comparative test result is seen shown in Figure 3, and the chemical ingredients of simultaneous test steel grade is shown in Table 7.Moisture-proof thermal etching test is that the damp and hot case of PL-3KP experimentizes in model, and concrete test method is as follows: the polishing test piece placed 50 ℃ of water vapour environments following 693 hours, and mensuration is polished the weight before and after the test piece corrosion, thereby calculated the weightless ratio of compared steel.
The chemical ingredients of the compared steel of table 7 moisture-proof thermal etching test, wt.%
| Grade of steel | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Ti | V | Al | B |
| Steel of the present invention | 0.17 | 0.34 | 1.55 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 1.52 | - | 0.15 | 0.017 | 0.008 | 0.019 | - |
| P20 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.70 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 1.50 | 0.38 | - | - | - | 0.020 | - |
| SP300 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 1.33 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 1.39 | 0.52 | 0.28 | - | - | 0.070 | 0.0017 |
As can be seen, the moisture-proof thermal etching of steel of the present invention is best, and the P20 steel takes second place, and the SP300 steel is the poorest.
Utilize diamond abrasion cloth that plastic steel plate for die and P20, the SP300 of steel production of the present invention are carried out the polishing performance simultaneous test, test result is as shown in table 8.
The surface roughness Ra (μ m) of table 8 steel of the present invention and compared steel polishing test
| The trade mark | Steel of the present invention | SP300 | P20 |
| Testing data | 0.252 | 0.496 | 0.211 |
As can be seen, the surfaceness after the steel polishing of the present invention is all suitable with P20, and is better than the SP300 steel.
Can find that by the foregoing description and effect analysis fine along the thick section uniformity of hardness distribution with the die cavity mould of plastics steel that steel of the present invention is made, moisture-proof thermal etching ability all is better than similar import steel grade with polishing performance.Because steel of the present invention does not add and has reduced the nickel content of half at least in precious metal molybdenum and the steel, and removed quenching (oil quenching)+tempering heat treatment operation from, therefore steel of the present invention is lower than P20, SP300 compared steel cost of alloy and manufacturing cost, and manufacturing process is simpler, the manufacturing cycle is shorter, and environmental pollution is littler.
The cost of alloy of steel of the present invention is low, do not need quench treatment, the steel plate Direct Air-Cooled just can obtain the requirement that hardness is HRC28～32 after the hot-work, as imposing 400～550 ℃ of destressing tempering again, can make steel plate more even, and have corrosion resistance and polishing performance preferably along the Hardness Distribution of thick section.Its manufacturing process is simple, cost is low, the cycle is short.Therefore, steel of the present invention is specially adapted to make the uniform die cavity mould of plastics of hardness, the substituting import one product, thus can save foreign exchange for country, reduce Chinese mould user's material cost, brought good social benefit.
In sum, steel of the present invention adds small amount of N i alloy mainly based on C, Mn, Cr alloy, and needn't add the precious metal Mo that all will add usually and just can reach of the hardness requirement of die cavity mould of plastics with steel, durometer level HRC28～32, cost of alloy is lower.
Steel of the present invention adopts cooling controlling and rolling controlling process production, on technique, can realize low-temperature heat, stop rolling temperature high, roll after characteristics such as plate shape is good behind individual air cooling, production technology is simple, with short production cycle, steel product cost is lower, all can implement at various smelters.
Steel of the present invention has stable hardness number, and temperature is little on the firmness change impact, compared with similar products, has preferably polishing performance and corrosion resistance.
Claims (4)
1. economic steel for plastic cavity die, its chemical ingredients mass percent is:
C 0.10～0.25
Si 0.10～0.50
Mn 1.20～1.80
Cr 1.20～2.00
Ni 0.10～0.30
S ≤0.010
P ≤0.020
V 0.05～0.30
Al 0.010～0.040
N 0.002～0.006
Ca 0.0010～0.0060
Ti/N＝3～5
All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. the manufacture method of economic steel for plastic cavity die as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps:
A) its chemical ingredients mass percent is: C 0.10～0.25, Si 0.10～0.50, Mn1.20～1.80, Cr 1.20～2.00, Ni 0.10～0.30, S≤0.010, P≤0.020, V0.05～0.30, Al 0.010～0.040, N 0.002～0.006, Ca 0.0010～0.0060, Ti/N=3～5, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities;
B) press mentioned component and smelt, cast the formation steel billet;
C) steel billet is heated to 1150～1250 ℃, soaking time is pressed net thickness 1～1.5min/mm and is calculated;
D) carry out finishing temperature control in the temperature range of austenite recrystallization, finishing temperature is between 870～950 ℃;
E) the finish to gauge Plate Steel adopts spiral-plate Direct Air-Cooled mode, and the steel plate speed of cooling is controlled between 0.2～10.0 ℃/s.
3. the production method of economic steel for plastic cavity die as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, f) cooled steel plate is carried out tempering to eliminate internal stress, and tempering temperature is 400 ℃～550 ℃.
4. the production method of economic steel for plastic cavity die as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, continuous casting or die casting are adopted in casting, and control continuous casting casting speed guarantees continuous casting casting speed≤1.0m/min.
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| CN103361574A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 布德鲁斯不锈钢有限公司 | Primary material for plastic molds or plastic mold |
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