CN109501404A - 一种高效减振的层级多孔复合板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高效减振的层级多孔复合板，该复合板采用三明治结构，包括上面板、层级多孔夹层、下面板；所述上面板和下面板为复合纤维层，其分别由上下两个芳纶纤维铺层与中间的铝制纤维夹层构成三明治结构；所述芳纶纤维铺层与铝制纤维夹层中纤维交叉的角度不一致；所述层级多孔夹层是由上下两层桁架式多孔芯和中间的半球式多孔芯构成的复合夹层。本发明提出了一种高效减振、强度高、隔音效果好的层级多孔复合板，解决传统板材减振效果不足，强度差，隔音水平低的问题，可用于汽车、航空、建筑等多个领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料领域，尤其涉及一种高效减振的层级多孔复合板。
背景技术
振动是宇宙普遍存在的一种现象，各种形式的物理现象，包括声、光、热等都包含振动。其虽然存在着积极地一面，但在多数情况下，所产生的破坏性的影响是无法估量的，例如，振动会影响精密仪器设备的功能，降低加工精度和光洁度，加剧构件的疲劳和磨损，从而缩短机器和结构物的使用寿命，振动还可能引起结构的大变形破坏，有的桥梁曾因振动而坍毁；飞机机翼的颤振、机轮的抖振往往造成事故；车船和机舱的振动会劣化乘载条件；强烈的振动噪声会形成严重的公害。
多孔结构作为当今世界研究热点之一，其不仅可以节约材料，满足轻量化，而且拥有减振、隔音、增大能量吸收效率等诸多优势，因此，用多孔结构设计一款高效减振的复合板有十分重要的现实意义和应用价值
发明内容
本发明目的在于解决传统板材减振效果不足，强度差，隔音水平低的问题，提出一种高效减振、强度高、隔音效果好的层级多孔复合板。可用于汽车、航空、建筑等多个领域。
为了解决上述使用要求，本发明提出一种高效减振的层级多孔复合板，该复合板采用三明治结构，包括上面板、层级多孔夹层、下面板；
所述上面板和下面板为复合纤维层，其分别由上下两个芳纶纤维铺层与中间的铝制纤维夹层构成三明治结构；所述芳纶纤维铺层与铝制纤维夹层中纤维交叉的角度不一致；
所述层级多孔夹层是由上下两层桁架式多孔芯和中间的半球式多孔芯构成的复合夹层。
在一较佳实施例中：所述芳纶纤维铺层采用斜交布置结构，铝制纤维层采用正交布置结构。
在一较佳实施例中：所述桁架式多孔芯的子单元为正六面体的上下前后四面的等腰三角和左右两面对角线所组成；所述子单元经过两次镜像得到桁架式多孔结构的单元胞体，由该单元胞体构成所述桁架式多孔结构。
在一较佳实施例中：所述球式多孔芯的子单元为正六面体去除以四个相对的顶点为圆心以3/4边长为半径的四分之一球体后的剩余部分；所述子单元通过三次镜像得到球式多孔芯的单元胞体，由该单元胞体构成球式多孔结构。
相较于现有技术，本发明的有益效果如下：
1.具有高效减振降噪，逐级减振的优点。
首先，该复合板的上下两层面板采用芳纶纤维层夹金属纤维层的三明治结构，有良好的减振降噪效果。其次，振动和声音都是通过波的形式传递，而球状多孔结构具有良好的能量吸收特性，桁架式多孔结构具有稳定的能量传递特性，当波通过二者构成的复合夹层时，被层层吸收，实现减振降噪的效果。同时，由于该复合夹层密度低，有较小的松弛模量，这十分有利于减振降噪。另外，该夹层是采用不同形式的多孔芯构成的复合夹层，从而能够吸收来自不同频率段的振动激励，起到逐级减振的作用。
2.具有优良的力学性能。
首先，芳纶是一种具有超高强度、高模量的合成纤维，其与铝制纤维本身便具有优良的力学特性，二者采用不同角度的布置方式，以增强该板不同方向的力学性能。其次，芳纶纤维的抗拉伸性能相对突出，而与之对应的铝材材料具有良好的抗压性能，因此二者通过环氧树脂胶粘剂结合成三明治板可以起到优势互补，相辅相成的作用。另外，不同结构的多孔芯构成的复合夹层，其不仅具有良好的耐撞和抗冲击性能，而且能够承受不同角度的应力作用。
3.满足轻量化要求
本发明采用芳纶纤维和铝制纤维构成的复合纤维层做上下面板，二者均为轻质材料，减轻整体质量，其次内部夹层采用多孔结构，不仅节约材料，而且有效满足轻量化要求。
4.具有优异的阻燃、耐热、耐辐射性能
芳纶的极限氧指数大于28，因此当它离开火焰时不会继续燃烧，且其阻燃特性是由自身化学结构所决定的，因而是一种永久阻燃纤维，不会因使用时间和洗涤次数降低或丧失阻燃性能。同时芳纶具有很好的热稳定性，在大于205℃高温条件下仍能保持较高的强力。另外，其在γ射线的长时间照射下，强度仍保持不变。
附图说明
图1为该复合板的结构示意图；
图2为上下面板的结构示意图；
图3为桁架式多孔芯的子单元获得方式示意图；
图4为桁架式多孔芯获得方式示意图；
图5为球式多孔芯子单元结构示意图；
图6为球式多孔芯获得方式示意图；
图7为该层级多孔夹层示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对发明进行详细说明。
如图1所示，该板的整体结构为上面板101，中间层级多孔夹层102,103,104，下面板105构成的三明治结构，以提高整体的力学性能。
如图2所示，其中上面板101和下面板105为复合纤维层，分别包括上芳纶纤维层201，中间铝制纤维层202，下芳纶纤维层203，三者组成的三明治结构具有良好的减振降噪的效果。芳纶纤维的抗拉伸性能相对突出，而与之对应的铝制纤维层具有良好的抗压性能，二者通过环氧树脂胶粘剂结合成三明治板可以起到优势互补，相辅相成的作用。同时二者是轻质高性能材料，具有耐腐蚀性强的特点，因此可持续使用性强。
另外上、下芳纶纤维层201,203采用如图2所示的方式60°斜交布置，中间铝制纤维层202采用如图2所示的正交方式布置，二者相辅相成，提高该板不同角度的力学性能。
所述层级多孔夹层102,103,104是由上下两层桁架式多孔芯102、104和中间的半球式多孔芯103构成的复合夹层，如图7所示。球状多孔结构具有较好的能量吸收的功能，桁架式多孔结构具有稳定的能量传递特性，二者构成的复合夹层通过3d打印制备，其在节约材料的同时，不仅减轻该复合板的质量，而且极大程度的提高其减振能力。
图3为桁架式多孔芯102,104的子单元的获得方式，其取正六面体上下前后四面的等腰三角和左右两面对角线301作子单元的桁架结构302。该结构经过两次镜像得到如图4所示的桁架式多孔结构的单元胞体401，由单元胞体401经过周期阵列排布后构成如桁架式多孔结构402。
图5为球式多孔芯103的子单元获得方式，将正六面体去除以四个相对的顶点为圆心以3/4边长为半径的四分之一球体，取剩余部分为该多孔芯的子单元结构。通过三次镜像得到球式多孔芯的单元胞体601。由该单元胞体601经过周期阵列排布后构成球式多孔结构602，如图6所示。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，但本发明的范围不限于此，本领域的技术人员可以容易地想到本发明所公开的变化或技术范围。替代方案旨在涵盖在本发明的范围内。因此，本发明的保护范围应由权利要求的范围确定。
Claims (4)
1.一种高效减振的层级多孔复合板，其特征在于：该复合板采用三明治结构，包括上面板、层级多孔夹层、下面板；
所述上面板和下面板为复合纤维层，其分别由上下两个芳纶纤维铺层与中间的铝制纤维夹层构成三明治结构；所述芳纶纤维铺层与铝制纤维夹层中纤维交叉的角度不一致；
所述层级多孔夹层是由上下两层桁架式多孔芯和中间的半球式多孔芯构成的复合夹层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效减振的层级多孔复合板，其特征在于：所述芳纶纤维铺层采用斜交布置结构，铝制纤维层采用正交布置结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效减振的层级多孔复合板，其特征在于：所述桁架式多孔芯的子单元为正六面体的上下前后四面的等腰三角和左右两面对角线所组成；所述子单元经过两次镜像得到桁架式多孔结构的单元胞体，由该单元胞体构成所述桁架式多孔结构。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效减振的层级多孔复合板，其特征在于：所述球式多孔芯的子单元为正六面体去除以四个相对的顶点为圆心以3/4边长为半径的四分之一球体后的剩余部分；所述子单元通过三次镜像得到球式多孔芯的单元胞体，由该单元胞体构成球式多孔结构。
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