CN109490382A - A kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content - Google Patents
A kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content Download PDFInfo
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- CN109490382A CN109490382A CN201811254940.8A CN201811254940A CN109490382A CN 109490382 A CN109490382 A CN 109490382A CN 201811254940 A CN201811254940 A CN 201811254940A CN 109490382 A CN109490382 A CN 109490382A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/228—Circuits therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of systems based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content, capacitance probe and detection circuit, the capacitance probe is connect by connecting line with the detection circuit, the capacitance probe includes driving pole plate, induction plate, insulated connecting rod and socket, and the detection circuit includes signal excitation source module, signal amplification module, sectional pressure element, Amplitude Ration detection circuit module, power module.Capacitance probe structure of the invention is simple, it is easy to make, its sensitive range is big, it is small to soil disturbance, provide based on amplitude no-load voltage ratio detection circuit, can effectively avoid exciting signal source level change and influence measurement accuracy, the system has at low cost, the advantages that performance is stablized, and input/output interface is simple, convenient for the exploitation of secondary meter.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to soil moisture content detection technique fields, are specifically related to a kind of based on Amplitude Ration detection soil water-containing
The system of amount.
Background technique:
Currently, the soil moisture content based on Dielectric Constant of NaCl Soil characteristic can be divided into time domain reflectometry (TDR), frequency domain by measuring principle
Bounce technique (FDR), standing wave ratio method (SWR) and capacitance method.Capacitance method has many advantages, such as technically simple, at low cost, there is phase on the market
The commercial prod of pass, such as the ECH2O series Soil Moisture Sensor of DecagonDevics company, foreign countries production, by
Person's favor.However scholar research shows that ECH2O series sensor there is also some shortcomings: 1. cost is still higher, probe unit price
60 $ or so；2. output signal is influenced by supply voltage；3. output signal is influenced by soil salt；4. positive and negative plate regions are quick
Sensitivity is different.
Domestic correlation scholar has also carried out correlative study to capacitance-type sensor for moisture content, by Dielectric Constant of NaCl Soil it is ad hoc based on spy
Header structure is mostly copper ring formula (patent: CN107505361A, CN108195897A, CN105758901A), multiprobe plug-in type
(CN101701929A, CN204165927U, CN202676649U, CN104111276A), plane forks and knives
(CN108051485A,CN202974930U).Copper ring formula, which uses, uses implantation, is not easy to rapid survey, sensitizing range limitation
Between copper ring outside；Multiprobe plug-in type is directly inserted into soil and realizes rapid survey, can the insertion of this spininess to soil
Disturbance is big, and test zone is confined between probe, and sensitive range is limited；The plane forks and knives made of PCB technology, size
Small, structure is simple, and insertion is smaller to soil disturbance, since the form of electrode is only plane formula capacitor, limits production in this way
The measurement accuracy and resolution ratio of product, and the requirement contacted with electrode for soil when using is very high.
From detection technique, capacitance method Soil Moisture Sensor generallys use high frequency LC resonance technology at present, such as
Patent CN107505361A, CN108195897A, CN105758901A, CN104977329A；RC charge and discharge under square wave excitation
Detection techniques, such as patent CN108051485A, CN103662745A, CN204389425U.The resonance method circuit design is simple, can be by
In soil as nonisulated medium, equivalent capacity size is related with signal frequency, therefore the resonance method inherently has measuring principle
Error.And the RC charge and discharge detection techniques under square wave excitation, although detection techniques are different, RC charge and discharge electric signal is all electric with square wave
Put down related, Zhang Rong is marked in " research of WSN soil moisture acquisition node voltage compensating method " text and analyzes operating voltage to RC
The influence of charge and discharge electric signal.
Summary of the invention:
For this purpose, the shortcomings that present invention is detected for soil moisture content in the prior art, proposes a kind of based on Amplitude Ration inspection
The system for surveying soil moisture content devises a kind of simple structure and convenient processing, is suitable for rapid field and measures single needle plug-in type
Probe, and the detection circuit based on amplitude no-load voltage ratio is given, can have and expand sensor sensing region, avoid pumping signal source level
Change and influence the measurement accuracy of condenser type soil moisture content detection.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content, including capacitance probe and detection circuit, the capacitor
Formula probe is connect by connecting line with the detection circuit, and the capacitance probe includes driving pole plate, induction plate and insulation
Connecting rod, the first end of the insulated connecting rod connect the driving pole plate, described in the second end connection of the insulated connecting rod
Induction plate, the top of the insulated connecting rod are equipped with the socket connecting with the connecting line, the conduction of the driving pole plate
Face is electrically connected by thin wire with the medial surface of the socket, and the induction plate is electrically connected with the lateral surface of the socket；
The detection circuit includes signal excitation source module, signal amplification module, sectional pressure element, Amplitude Ration detection circuit mould
The output end of block, power module, the signal excitation source module passes through the input terminal of signal amplification module and the sectional pressure element
Connection, the output end of the sectional pressure element are connect with the input terminal of the equivalent capacity of the capacitance probe, the Amplitude Ration inspection
The first input end of slowdown monitoring circuit module motivates the output end of source module to connect by the first attenuator with signal, the Amplitude Ration inspection
Second input terminal of slowdown monitoring circuit module is connected by the output end of the second attenuator and sectional pressure element, the Amplitude Ration detection circuit
The output end of module is the signal output end of system, and the power module is respectively the signal excitation source module, signal amplification
Module and the Amplitude Ration detection circuit module for power supply.
As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the driving pole plate is that cylindrical probe either uses the flat of PCB production
Probe, the induction plate are the concentric plectane made of PCB, and the surface of the driving pole plate and the induction plate applies
It is covered with insulating layer.
As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the driving pole plate, the induction plate, the insulated connecting rod central axis
It is co-axially mounted, the length of the driving pole plate is 2~4 times of the induction plate internal diameter, the outer diameter of the induction plate and interior
Diameter ratio range is 2.5~2, and the length of the insulated connecting rod is 1.5~2 times of the induction plate internal diameter.
As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the socket chooses SMA type socket or BNC type socket.
As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the signal excitation source module uses high-frequency oscillating circuits, the high frequency vibrating
Swing circuit include first resistor R1, second resistance R2,3rd resistor R3, the second capacitor C2, third capacitor C3, the 4th capacitor C4,
First inductance L1, triode Q1, the first end of the base stage connection first resistor R1 of triode Q1, the second end of first resistor R1 connect
+ 5V voltage is connect, is grounded after the emitter series connection 3rd resistor R3 of triode Q1, the first inductance L1 of collector series connection of triode Q1
Connection+5V voltage afterwards, the base stage of the first end connecting triode Q1 of second resistance R2, the second end ground connection of second resistance R2, the
First end connection+5V the voltage of two capacitor C2, the emitter of the second end connecting triode Q1 of the second capacitor C2, third capacitor C3
First end connect the second capacitor C2 second end, the collector of the second end connecting triode Q1 of third capacitor C3, the 4th electricity
Hold the emitter of the first end connecting triode Q1 of C4, the input terminal of the second end connection signal amplification module of the 4th capacitor C4.
As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the signal excitation source module uses the DDS chip of model AD9959, type
It number is that a four-way, internal clock frequencies are up to the Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers core of 500MHz for the DDS chip of AD9959
The output end of piece, signal excitation source module exports analog sine wave signal to the input terminal of signal amplification module.
As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the Amplitude Ration detection circuit module uses the chip of model AD8302
2 feet of U2, chip U2 are connected and connects after the 5th capacitor C5 with the output end of signal excitation source module, and 6 feet of chip U2 connect the
It is connect after six capacitor C6 with the output end of sectional pressure element.
As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the signal amplification module is high frequency radio signals amplifier, using model
For the chip of HMC1099PM5E.
As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the sectional pressure element is using precision resistance either precision capacitance.
As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, first attenuator and second attenuator use model
The chip of HMC658LP2.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: capacitance probe structure is simple, easy to make, and sensitive range is big, to soil
Disturb it is small, provide based on amplitude no-load voltage ratio detection circuit, can effectively avoid exciting signal source level change and influence measurement accuracy,
The system has the advantages that at low cost, performance is stablized, and input/output interface is simple, convenient for the exploitation of secondary meter.
Detailed description of the invention:
The following drawings are only intended to schematically illustrate and explain the present invention, not delimit the scope of the invention.Wherein:
Fig. 1 is a kind of system structure diagram that soil moisture content is detected based on Amplitude Ration of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the first structure diagram of the first capacitance probe of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the socket structure schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the second structural schematic diagram of the first capacitance probe of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the first structure diagram of second of capacitance probe of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of circuit theory of system that soil moisture content is detected based on Amplitude Ration of one embodiment of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 7 is a kind of high-frequency oscillating circuits schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the Amplitude Ration detection circuit module of one embodiment of the invention.
Symbol description in figure:
1- driving pole plate, 2- induction plate, 3- insulated connecting rod, 4- socket, 5- thin wire, 101- conducting surface, 401- are inserted
The medial surface of seat, the lateral surface of 402- socket.
Specific embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content of the invention, including capacitance probe and
Detection circuit, the capacitance probe are connect by connecting line with the detection circuit.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the capacitance probe includes driving pole plate 1, induction plate 2 and insulated connecting rod 3, described
The first end of insulated connecting rod 3 connects the driving pole plate 1, and the second end of the insulated connecting rod 3 connects the induction plate
2, the top of the insulated connecting rod 3 is equipped with the socket 4 connecting with the connecting line, the conducting surface 101 of the driving pole plate 1
It is electrically connected by thin wire 5 with the medial surface 401 of the socket 4,402 electricity of lateral surface of the induction plate 2 and the socket 4
Connection.The flat probe that the conducting surface of the driving pole plate 1 refers to cylindrical probe or PCB is used to make covers copper face.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, the driving pole plate 1 is cylindrical probe, as shown in figure 5, the driving pole plate 1 can also be with
The flat probe made of PCB, the induction plate 2 is the concentric plectane made of PCB, the driving pole plate 1 and institute
The surface for stating induction plate 2 is coated with insulating layer.
The driving pole plate 1, the induction plate 2, the installation of 3 central axis of the insulated connecting rod, the driving stage
The length of plate 1 is 2~4 times of 2 internal diameter of induction plate, the outer diameter and inner diameter ratio range of the induction plate 2 is 2.5~
2, the length of the insulated connecting rod 3 is 1.5~2 times of 2 internal diameter of induction plate.
Connecting line is video cables connecting line.
The socket 4 chooses SMA type socket or BNC type socket.
As shown in figures 1 to 6, the detection circuit include signal excitation source module, signal amplification module, sectional pressure element,
Amplitude Ration detection circuit module, power module, the output end of signal excitation source module by signal amplification module with it is described
The input terminal of sectional pressure element connects, and the input terminal of the equivalent capacity of the output end of the sectional pressure element and the capacitance probe connects
It connects, the first input end of the Amplitude Ration detection circuit module motivates the output end of source module to connect by the first attenuator and signal
It connects, the second input terminal of the Amplitude Ration detection circuit module is connected by the output end of the second attenuator and sectional pressure element, institute
The signal output end of the output end of Amplitude Ration detection circuit module system thus is stated, the power module is respectively that the signal swashs
Encourage source module, signal amplification module and the Amplitude Ration detection circuit module for power supply.
The signal excitation source module is for generating stable sine wave exciting signal, sine-wave excitation described in the present embodiment
The frequency of signal is 80~120MHz, and high-frequency oscillating circuits can be used, and can also be realized using DDS chip.
As shown in fig. 7, signal excitation source module uses high-frequency oscillating circuits, using capacitance connecting three point type oscillator,
Feature is that frequency of oscillation can be made higher, generally can reach 100MHz or more.The high-frequency oscillating circuits include first resistor R1,
Second resistance R2,3rd resistor R3, the second capacitor C2, third capacitor C3, the 4th capacitor C4, the first inductance L1, triode Q1, three
The first end of the base stage connection first resistor R1 of pole pipe Q1, the second end connection+5V voltage of first resistor R1, the hair of triode Q1
It is grounded after emitter-base bandgap grading series connection 3rd resistor R3, connection+5V voltage after the first inductance L1 of collector series connection of triode Q1, second resistance
The base stage of the first end connecting triode Q1 of R2, the second end ground connection of second resistance R2, the first end connection+5V of the second capacitor C2
The first end of voltage, the emitter of the second end connecting triode Q1 of the second capacitor C2, third capacitor C3 connects the second capacitor C2
Second end, the collector of the second end connecting triode Q1 of third capacitor C3, the first end connecting triode of the 4th capacitor C4
The emitter of Q1, the input terminal of the second end connection signal amplification module of the 4th capacitor C4.
The signal excitation source module can also use the DDS chip of model AD9959, the DDS core of model AD9959
Piece is that a four-way, internal clock frequencies are up to the Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers chip of 500MHz, 1.8V power supply, low function
Consumption.The up to analog sine wave signal of 200MHz, the equal Independent adjustable of every channel amplitude, phase can directly be exported.Signal driving source
The output end of module exports analog sine wave signal to the input terminal of signal amplification module.
In the present embodiment, the Amplitude Ration detection circuit module uses the chip U2 of model AD8302, as shown in figure 8,
A kind of Amplitude Ration detection circuit schematic diagram based on the design of AD8302 chip, 2 feet of chip U2 connect after the 5th capacitor C5 with
Signal motivates the output end connection of source module, connect after the 6th capacitor C6 of 6 feet series connection of chip U2 with the output end of sectional pressure element,
That is VINA、VINBIt is electrically connected respectively at Us, Uc in Fig. 6.
Another preferred embodiment of Amplitude Ration detection circuit module can respectively ring signal at Us, Uc using non-RMS
Power detector is answered, is converted such as AD8307 chip, then by non-RMS responding power geophone output signal through A/D, realizes Us, Uc
Locate signal amplitude ratio.
The signal amplification module is high frequency radio signals amplifier, using the chip of model HMC1099PM5E.
HMC1099PM5E is a gallium nitride (GaN) wideband power amplifer, can be realized in 0.01GHz to 1.1GHz instant bandwidth >
10W output.
The sectional pressure element is using precision resistance either precision capacitance.Described sectional pressure element one end and high frequency radio signals
Amplifier output electrical connection, the other end are connect with the input terminal of the equivalent capacity of the capacitance probe.
First attenuator and second attenuator use the chip of model HMC658LP2.
The power module is power regulator module, 5~9V of power input range.
Working principle:
As shown in fig. 6, signal excitation source module V1 generates high-frequency signal, RF signal function is improved by signal amplification module U1
Rate, by amplified signal loading on divider resistance R and the capacitor Cx to pop one's head in using soil as medium, equivalent capacity Cx value of popping one's head in
Change with soil moisture content, therefore signal power is related to soil moisture content at Uc.Pass through the first attenuator ATT1, second
The power of signal Us, Uc are compared and can obtain resistance R and connect with Cx the relationship of total impedance and Cx ratio by attenuator ATT2,
It is possible thereby to be finally inversed by soil moisture content.The sectional pressure element is a precision capacitance, and testing principle is also identical.The signal is put
The effect of big module U1 is to provide signal source power, increases probe sensitive range；The first attenuator ATT1, the second attenuator
ATT2 be adjust Us, Uc at signal power, make its signal power subsequent amplitude than detection circuit module U2 can process range
It is interior.
A kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content, capacitance probe and detection electricity described in the present embodiment
Road, the capacitance probe are connect by connecting line with the detection circuit, and the capacitance probe includes driving pole plate, induction
Pole plate, insulated connecting rod and socket, the detection circuit include signal excitation source module, signal amplification module, sectional pressure element, width
Value is than detection circuit module, power module.Capacitance probe structure of the invention is simple, and easy to make, sensitive range is big, right
Soil disturbance is small, provide based on amplitude no-load voltage ratio detection circuit, can effectively avoid exciting signal source level change and influence to measure
Precision, which has the advantages that at low cost, performance is stablized, and input/output interface is simple, convenient for the exploitation of secondary meter.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and does not limit the embodiments.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And it is extended from this it is obvious variation or
It changes still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content, including capacitance probe and detection circuit, the condenser type
Probe is connect by connecting line with the detection circuit, it is characterised in that: the capacitance probe includes driving pole plate (1), sense
Pole plate (2) and insulated connecting rod (3) are answered, the first end of the insulated connecting rod (3) connects the driving pole plate (1), described exhausted
The second end of edge connecting rod (3) connects the induction plate (2), and the top of the insulated connecting rod (3) is equipped with and the company
The socket (4) of wiring connection, the conducting surface (101) of the driving pole plate (1) are interior by thin wire (5) and the socket (4)
Side (401) electrical connection, the induction plate (2) are electrically connected with the lateral surface (402) of the socket (4)；
The detection circuit include signal excitation source module, signal amplification module, sectional pressure element, Amplitude Ration detection circuit module,
The output end of power module, the signal excitation source module is connected by the input terminal of signal amplification module and the sectional pressure element
It connects, the output end of the sectional pressure element is connect with the input terminal of the equivalent capacity of the capacitance probe, the Amplitude Ration detection
The first input end of circuit module motivates the output end of source module to connect by the first attenuator with signal, the Amplitude Ration detection
Second input terminal of circuit module is connected by the output end of the second attenuator and sectional pressure element, the Amplitude Ration detection circuit mould
The output end of block is the signal output end of system, and the power module is respectively the signal excitation source module, signal amplification mould
Block and the Amplitude Ration detection circuit module for power supply.
2. a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the drive
Movable plate electrode (1) is the flat probe that cylindrical probe either uses PCB to make, and the induction plate (2) is to be made of PCB
The surface of concentric plectane, the driving pole plate (1) and the induction plate (2) is coated with insulating layer.
3. a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the drive
Movable plate electrode (1), the induction plate (2), the installation of the insulated connecting rod (3) central axis, the length of the driving pole plate (1)
Degree is 2~4 times of the induction plate (2) internal diameter, and the outer diameter and inner diameter ratio range of the induction plate (2) is 2.5~2,
The length of the insulated connecting rod (3) is 1.5~2 times of the induction plate (2) internal diameter.
4. a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to insert
Seat (4) chooses SMA type socket or BNC type socket.
5. a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the letter
Number excitation source module use high-frequency oscillating circuits, the high-frequency oscillating circuits include first resistor R1, second resistance R2, third electricity
Hinder R3, the second capacitor C2, third capacitor C3, the 4th capacitor C4, the first inductance L1, triode Q1, the base stage connection of triode Q1
The first end of first resistor R1, the second end connection+5V voltage of first resistor R1, the emitter series connection 3rd resistor of triode Q1
It is grounded after R3, connection+5V voltage after the first inductance L1 of collector series connection of triode Q1, the first end connection three of second resistance R2
The base stage of pole pipe Q1, the second end ground connection of second resistance R2, the first end connection+5V voltage of the second capacitor C2, the second capacitor C2
Second end connecting triode Q1 emitter, the first end of third capacitor C3 connects the second end of the second capacitor C2, third electricity
The collector of the second end connecting triode Q1 of appearance C3, the emitter of the first end connecting triode Q1 of the 4th capacitor C4, the 4th
The input terminal of the second end connection signal amplification module of capacitor C4.
6. a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the letter
Number excitation source module use model AD9959 DDS chip, the DDS chip of model AD9959 is a four-way, inside
Clock frequency is up to the Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers chip of 500MHz, and signal motivates the output end of source module to export analog sine
Input terminal of the wave signal to signal amplification module.
7. a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the width
It is worth the chip U2 for using model AD8302 than detection circuit module, swashs after the 5th capacitor C5 of 2 feet series connection of chip U2 with signal
The output end connection of source module is encouraged, is connect after the 6th capacitor C6 of 6 feet series connection of chip U2 with the output end of sectional pressure element.
8. a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the letter
Number amplification module is high frequency radio signals amplifier, using the chip of model HMC1099PM5E.
9. a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described point
Press element using precision resistance either precision capacitance.
10. a kind of system based on Amplitude Ration detection soil moisture content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
First attenuator and second attenuator use the chip of model HMC658LP2.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110376353A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-25 | 邯郸市创盟电子科技有限公司 | A kind of soil moisture content monitoring station |
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