CN109489923A - A kind of measuring system and method for zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, - Google Patents
A kind of measuring system and method for zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, Download PDFInfo
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- CN109489923A CN109489923A CN201811382954.8A CN201811382954A CN109489923A CN 109489923 A CN109489923 A CN 109489923A CN 201811382954 A CN201811382954 A CN 201811382954A CN 109489923 A CN109489923 A CN 109489923A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0066—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by exciting or detecting vibration or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0075—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V13/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices covered by groups G01V1/00 – G01V11/00
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the measuring systems and method of a kind of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, and suspension lifts spring to be measured under spring suspension, and spring is coaxially fixedly mounted with below the spring to be measured and hangs weight, hang weight lower surface in spring and are polished to reflecting surface;Side below weight is hung in spring, one laser is set, set gradually Schmitt prism, imaging len and PSD in the other side that spring is hung below weight.The present invention measures the zero-initial-length spring vibration period using photoelectric method, and is high-precision, non-contact measurement, eliminates the requirement to spring elongation measurement;Spectrum analysis is carried out to the collected waveform of PSD, location error bring measurement error is can effectively reduce, measurement accuracy is improved from principle.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gravity measurement fields, are related to the characteristic research that zero-initial-length spring coefficient of elasticity varies with temperature, especially
It is the measuring system and method for a kind of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period,.
Background technique
Zero-initial-length spring is the core sensing element of high-precision marine gravitometer.Coefficient of elasticity is the most important ginseng of zero-initial-length spring
Number, its variation with temperature and change.Coefficient of elasticity variation with temperature is reflected in the variation of zero-initial-length spring elongation, passes through power
Feedback loop is intuitively showed by the output of gravimeter.Measure spring elongation generally can by " static method " come
Measurement.So-called " static method " is that spring is suspended on bracket, by spring elongation certain distance, passes through measurement pulling force and elongation
Variation, coefficient of elasticity can be obtained, compare measurement result under different temperatures the variation of coefficient of elasticity and temperature just can be obtained and close
System.
But the requirement of " static method " to measuring instrument is very high, is difficult in measurement process by the variation of spring elongation
Elongation variation with spring hanging bracket is separated, and great measurement error will be caused.According to the calculating of spring elongation
Formula and spring vibration formula, by deriving the relational expression under available different temperatures between coefficient of elasticity and vibration period,
The power accurately measured measurement can will be difficult to using this relational expression and elongation measurement is converted into the time survey for being easy accurately to measure
Amount.
The instrument or device in existing measurement spring vibration period mostly use greatly joly balance at present, and human eye reads spring elongation
Amount carries out period measurement using Hall sensor, and this mode measurement accuracy cannot reach requirement, and without reference in difference
At a temperature of the spring vibration period is measured.
By the retrieval of patent document, the record of patent document related with the present patent application is not found.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the low disadvantage of measurement accuracy in the prior art, a kind of zero-initial-length spring free vibration is proposed
The measuring system and method in period, the system and method are carried out high-precision using the free oscillating period, of " photoelectric method " to zero-initial-length spring
Degree, non-contact measurement provide basis for research zero-initial-length spring coefficient of elasticity variation with temperature relationship.
The present invention realizes that the technical solution of purpose is:
A kind of measuring system of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, including spring suspension, spring to be measured, spring are hung
Weight, light source, Schmitt prism, imaging len and PSD, suspension lifts spring to be measured, the spring to be measured under spring suspension
It is coaxially fixedly mounted with spring below and hangs weight, hangs weight lower surface in spring and is polished to reflecting surface;Side setting one below weight is hung in spring to swash
Light device hangs the other side below weight in spring and sets gradually Schmitt prism, imaging len and PSD, the laser warp of light source transmitting
It crosses spring to hang on the reflective surface to Schmitt prism of weight, laser level after the reflection of Schmitt prism, refraction is penetrated
To on imaging len, by imaging len refraction reach PSD on, spot signal is converted to electric signal by PSD, the signal by
Signal acquisition and processing system are transferred to host computer, and the measurement of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, is made after test software operation
Show to process and visual result.
Moreover, the axis of great circle that the spring hangs weight is 50mm, roundlet outer diameter is 40mm, lower surface polishing;Hang again upper table
Face diameter to being uniformly distributed 3 × 5 screw holes, above corotation enter 3 screws to guarantee quality;After extension respin enters spring, if hanging weight
Run-off the straight makes extension heavy water flat by changing the position of screw.
Moreover, the Schmitt prism bases plating high-reflecting film is to adjust light angle and alignment.
Moreover, the light source includes laser and collimator, laser issues the light of a branch of power adjustable, passes through optical fiber
It is coupled to collimator, potentiometer of connecting between the power supply and laser of laser adjusts potentiometer resistance, that is, changes
Become power of the driving voltage with regard to tunable laser of laser.
Moreover, the PSD selects Two-dimensional PSD, powered, is exported as the voltage letter within the scope of the ± 10V of four tunnels using ± 12V
Number.
Moreover, the PSD, data collection system is using dsp chip TMS320F28335 as core, and periphery includes power supply
Module, voltage transformation module, CAN mouthful controller and serial ports controller;It includes CAN bus that DSP TMS320F28335 is integrated
Interface, 2 road UART serial line interfaces and 12,16 tunnels A/D conversion module, CPU frequency are 150M;Dsp chip carries 12,16 tunnel
A/D conversion module, input requirements are 0~3V, and centre needs voltage transformation module;DSP TMS320F28335 adopts A/D conversion
The data collected are stored, and are sent to computer by CAN interface and serial line interface in time, and computer is responsible for last
Data storage and processing.
A kind of measurement method of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, step is:
(1) spring to be measured is mounted on spring suspension, hangs weight lower surface in spring and be polished to reflecting surface;When to be measured
When spring vibration, spring is hung weight lower surface and is vibrated up and down with spring;
(2) the laser that laser issues has been polished to the extension weight lower surface of reflecting surface from the horizontal by 45° angle directive, instead
It is mapped to after penetrating on the photosurface of PSD;
(3) one imaging len of increase between weight reflecting surface and PSD is hung, when spring amplitude is larger, adjusting imaging len
Position, make laser hang weight lower surface formed hot spot range between the z-z0 of 1 plane, 1 ' plane where making PSD exists
Between 1 times of focal length and 2 times of focal lengths, by hot spot range shorter between z '-z0 ';Similarly, when spring amplitude is smaller, z-z0 model
It encloses and becomes smaller, adjust the position of imaging len, make laser in the hot spot range for hanging the formation of weight lower surface between the z-z0 of 1 ' plane,
Make 2 ' planes where PSD other than 2 times of focal lengths, hot spot range is amplified between z '-z0 ';
(4) a Schmitt prism is increased between side and imaging len below extension weight, and effect is so that emergent ray
45 ° of deflection, thus becomes horizontal direction for optical axis;
(5) on the photosurface that hot spot is imaged onto PSD after the laser of laser is hung the mirror-reflection of weight lower surface, PSD will
Spot signal is converted to electric signal, and metrical information is transferred to host computer by signal acquisition and processing system;Test software is by fortune
It shows with making measurement process and visual result after calculation.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention measures the zero-initial-length spring vibration period using photoelectric method, and is high-precision, non-contact measurement, eliminates
Requirement to spring elongation measurement.
2, the present invention carries out spectrum analysis to the collected waveform of PSD, can effectively reduce the measurement of location error bring and misses
Difference improves measurement accuracy from principle.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is each member connection structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is work basic principle schematic of the invention;
Fig. 3 is hot spot range Principles of Regulation schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is imaging len appearance schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is Schmitt prism operation principle schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the main view of prism in Schmitt prism structure dimensional drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the left view of prism in Schmitt prism structure dimensional drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view that spring of the present invention hangs weight;
Fig. 9 is the top view that spring of the present invention hangs weight;
Figure 10 is PSD signal schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 11 is data collection system functional block diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with attached drawing;The present embodiment is descriptive, is not to limit
Property, it cannot thus limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
A kind of measuring system of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, is outstanding referring to Fig. 1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11, including spring
Hang device 1, spring to be measured 2, spring extension weigh 3, light source 7, Schmitt prism 4, imaging len 5 and PSD6, in spring suspension
Lower suspension lifts spring to be measured, and spring is coaxially fixedly mounted with below the spring to be measured and hangs weight, hangs weight lower surface in spring and is polished to reflect
Face;Spring hang weight below side be arranged a laser, spring hang weight below the other side set gradually Schmitt prism, at
As lens and PSD, the laser of light source transmitting is hung by spring on the reflective surface to Schmitt prism of weight, which passes through this
After close spy's reflection of prism, refraction on horizontal sheaf imaging len, reaching PSD by the refraction of imaging len, (optoelectronic position is quick
Inductor component) on, spot signal is converted to electric signal by PSD, which is transferred to host computer by signal acquisition and processing system, warp
It shows with crossing after test software operation measurement process and the visual result for making zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period,.
In the present embodiment, the structural schematic diagrams that described Fig. 8,9 hang weight for spring, axis of great circle is 50mm in figure, outside roundlet
Diameter is respectively 40mm, it is desirable that lower surface polishing;Hang 3 × 5 screw holes of the radially uniform distribution in weight upper surface, above corotation enter 3 spiral shells
Nail is to guarantee quality.After extension respin enters spring, if hanging recurrence inclination, it can make to hang heavy water by changing the position of screw
It is flat.
In the present embodiment, the structure of the Schmitt prism is as shown in Figure 6,7, and bottom surface plating high-reflecting film is to subtract in left figure
Power loss when small light is catadioptric inside prism, above right figure dash area plating high-reflecting film be in order to adjust light angle and
Needs when alignment.
In the present embodiment, the light source includes laser and collimator, and laser issues the light of a branch of power adjustable, is led to
Fiber coupling is crossed to collimator.Collimator can both emit beam, and also can receive reflected light, be received by detection
The power of light, the incident angle of adjustable light;In measurement process, collimator is only used to emit beam, as measurement light.
Laser wavelength need to determine that laser power is determined by the saturation optical power Φ sat of PSD in conjunction with the spectral response curve of PSD.
Can connect a potentiometer between the power supply and laser of laser, adjust potentiometer resistance, i.e. change laser
Driving voltage with regard to tunable laser power.Optical maser wavelength should be matched with PSD spectral response curve, be selected as far as possible visible
In the spectral region of light, recommend the laser of selection 635nm or 650nm wavelength.
In the present embodiment, the PSD (PSD senser) selects Two-dimensional PSD, and its purpose is to weaken spring
The influence to measurement is disturbed, measurement difficulty is reduced, working principle is as shown in Figure 10.
In the present embodiment, the data collection system block diagram of the PSD is as shown in figure 11, with dsp chip TMS320F28335
For core, periphery includes power module, voltage transformation module, CAN mouthfuls of controllers and serial ports controller etc..DSP
TMS320F28335 is integrated with CAN interface, 2 road UART serial line interfaces and the 16 12 A/D conversion modules in tunnel etc., cpu frequency
For 150M, the needs of this system are fully met.PSD module use ± 12V power supply, exports as the voltage within the scope of the ± 10V of four tunnels
Signal.Dsp chip carries the A/D conversion of 12,16 tunnel, and input requirements are 0~3V, so the output of PSD module cannot directly input
A/D conversion is carried out to DSP, centre needs voltage transformation module.A/D is converted collected data by DSP TMS320F28335
It is stored, and computer is sent to by CAN interface and serial line interface in time.Computer is responsible for last data storage
And processing.
A kind of measurement method of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, step is:
(1) spring to be measured is mounted on spring suspension, hangs weight lower surface in spring and be polished to reflecting surface;When to be measured
When spring vibration, spring is hung weight lower surface and is vibrated up and down with spring;
(2) the laser that laser issues hangs weight lower surface from the horizontal by 45° angle directive, and the laser is with 45 ° of oblique fires to
It is polished to the extension weight lower surface of reflecting surface, is mapped to after reflection on the photosurface of PSD senser (PSD), referring to fig. 2;When
When spring vibration, hangs weight lower surface and vibrate in the vertical direction;If 0 moment of τ hangs weight lower surface and is in the position z0, hot spot is fallen on
The position p0 of PSD;When the τ moment, which hangs weight lower surface, is in z location, hot spot then falls on the position p of PSD;
In order to adapt to spring amplitude under different conditions, hot spot can be fallen on the photosurface of PSD, need hang weight
Increasing an imaging len between reflecting surface and PSD, working principle indicates object plane when large amplitude as shown in figure 3, in figure, 1,1 '
It indicates to indicate object plane when small amplitude as plane, 2 when large amplitude, 2 ' indicate when small amplitude as plane, 3 indicates imaging len.When
When spring amplitude is larger, laser between the z-z0 of 1 plane, adjusts imaging len 3 in the hot spot range for hanging the formation of weight lower surface
Position, make 1 ' plane between 1 times of focal length and 2 times of focal lengths, can be by hot spot range shorter between z '-z0 ';Similarly, work as bullet
When spring amplitude is smaller, z-z0 range becomes smaller, and adjusts the position of imaging len 3, makes 2 ' planes other than 2 times of focal lengths, can be by hot spot
Range is amplified between z '-z0 '.The appearance schematic diagram of imaging len is as shown in figure 4, wherein 1 indicate diameter, 2 indicate effectively burnt
Away from 3 indicate back focal length, and 4 indicate center thickness, and 5 indicate edge thickness.
(4), for the ease of adjusting the position of imaging len, increase by one between side and imaging len below weight this is close hanging
Special prism, effect be so that emergent ray deflect 45 °, optical axis can thus be become to horizontal direction, Schmitt prism
Working principle is as shown in Figure 5.
(5) on the photosurface that hot spot is imaged onto PSD after the laser of laser is hung the mirror-reflection of weight lower surface, PSD will
Spot signal is converted to electric signal, and metrical information is transferred to host computer by signal acquisition and processing system;Test software is by fortune
It shows with making measurement process and visual result after calculation.
According to the output voltage of module, using following formula be calculated hot spot on PSD photosurface coordinate (X,
Y), coordinate origin is the center of PSD photosurface.
L is the side length of PSD photosurface, L=10mm in formula.
Signal acquisition and processing system, which will synchronize the output signal of PSD module, to be acquired and is transferred to host computer.?
The output signal for knowing PSD is four road analog voltages, it is desirable that rate is not less than 1/2048 to A/D respectively, and output frequency is not less than 2500Hz.
PSD data acquisition system block diagram is as shown in figure 11, and using dsp chip TMS320F28335 as core, periphery includes electricity
Source module, voltage transformation module, CAN mouthful controller and serial ports controller etc..DSP TMS320F28335 is integrated with CAN bus and connects
Mouthful, 2 road UART serial line interfaces and the 16 12 A/D conversion modules in tunnel etc., cpu frequency 150M fully meets the needs of this system.
PSD module use ± 12V power supply, exports as the voltage signal within the scope of the ± 10V of four tunnels.Dsp chip carries 12,16 tunnel A/D and turns
It changes, input requirements are 0~3V, so the output of PSD module cannot be directly inputted to DSP and carry out A/D conversion, centre needs voltage to turn
Change the mold block.A/D is converted collected data and stored by DSP TMS320F28335, and in time by CAN interface and
Serial line interface is sent to computer.Computer is responsible for last data storage and processing.
The principle of the present invention is: when spring vibration, hot spot represents extension weight lower surface in the change in location of PSD photosurface
Change in location.The output signal of PSD is converted into light spot position signal using signal acquisition and amplifying circuit, can be obtained bullet
The location information of spring vibration processes draws oscillating curve, and theoretically the curve is a sine curve, carries out to obtained data
The period of spring vibration can be obtained in spectrum analysis.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of measuring system of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, it is characterised in that: including spring suspension, bullet to be measured
Spring, spring hang weight, light source, Schmitt prism, imaging len and PSD, and suspension lifts spring to be measured under spring suspension, should
It is coaxially fixedly mounted with spring below spring to be measured and hangs weight, hangs weight lower surface in spring and is polished to reflecting surface;Side below weight is hung in spring
One laser is set, hangs the other side below weight in spring and sets gradually Schmitt prism, imaging len and PSD, light source transmitting
Laser by spring hang weight reflective surface to Schmitt prism on, the laser by Schmitt prism reflection, refraction
It afterwards on horizontal sheaf imaging len, is reached on PSD by the refraction of imaging len, spot signal is converted to electric signal by PSD, should
Signal is transferred to host computer by signal acquisition and processing system, and zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, is made after test software operation
Measurement process and visual result show.
2. the measuring system of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the spring is hung
The axis of great circle of weight is 50mm, and roundlet outer diameter is 40mm, lower surface polishing;Hang 3 × 5 spiral shells of the radially uniform distribution in weight upper surface
Hole, above corotation enter 3 screws to guarantee quality;After extension respin enters spring, if hanging recurrence inclination, passes through and change screw
It is put down to make to hang heavy water position.
3. the measuring system of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Schmitt
Prism bases plate high-reflecting film to adjust light angle and alignment.
4. the measuring system of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the light source packet
Containing laser and collimator, laser issues the light of a branch of power adjustable, by fiber coupling to collimator, in laser
It connects between power supply and laser a potentiometer, adjusts potentiometer resistance, i.e. the driving voltage of change laser can
Adjust the power of laser.
5. the measuring system of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the PSD choosing
With Two-dimensional PSD, is powered, exported as the voltage signal within the scope of the ± 10V of four tunnels using ± 12V.
6. the measuring system of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the PSD,
Data collection system is using dsp chip TMS320F28335 as core, and periphery includes power module, voltage transformation module, CAN mouthfuls
Controller and serial ports controller;It includes CAN interface, 2 road UART serial line interfaces and 16 that DSP TMS320F28335 is integrated
12, road A/D conversion module, cpu frequency 150M;Dsp chip carries 12,16 tunnel A/D conversion module, and input requirements are 0~
3V, centre need voltage transformation module;A/D is converted collected data and stored by DSP TMS320F28335, and in time
It is sent to computer by CAN interface and serial line interface, computer is responsible for last data storage and processing.
7. a kind of measurement method of zero-initial-length spring free oscillating period, it is characterised in that: step is:
(1) spring to be measured is mounted on spring suspension, hangs weight lower surface in spring and be polished to reflecting surface;When spring to be measured
When vibration, spring is hung weight lower surface and is vibrated up and down with spring;
(2) the laser that laser issues has been polished to the extension weight lower surface of reflecting surface from the horizontal by 45° angle directive, after reflection
It is mapped on the photosurface of PSD;
(3) increase an imaging len between extension weight reflecting surface and PSD and adjust the position of imaging len when spring amplitude is larger
It sets, so that laser is hung hot spot range that weight lower surface is formed between the z-z0 of 1 plane, make 1 ' plane where PSD in 1 times of coke
Away between 2 times of focal lengths, by hot spot range shorter between z '-z0 ';Similarly, when spring amplitude is smaller, z-z0 range becomes
It is small, the position of imaging len is adjusted, makes laser between the z-z0 of 1 ' plane, in the hot spot range for hanging the formation of weight lower surface
Hot spot range is amplified between z '-z0 ' by 2 ' planes where PSD other than 2 times of focal lengths;
(4) a Schmitt prism is increased between side and imaging len below extension weight, and effect is so that emergent ray deflects
45 °, optical axis is thus become into horizontal direction;
(5) on the photosurface that hot spot is imaged onto PSD after the laser of laser is hung the mirror-reflection of weight lower surface, PSD believes hot spot
Number electric signal is converted to, metrical information is transferred to host computer by signal acquisition and processing system;Test software makes after operation
Show to measurement process and visual result.
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