CN109489923B - System and method for measuring free vibration period of zero-length spring - Google Patents
System and method for measuring free vibration period of zero-length spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN109489923B CN109489923B CN201811382954.8A CN201811382954A CN109489923B CN 109489923 B CN109489923 B CN 109489923B CN 201811382954 A CN201811382954 A CN 201811382954A CN 109489923 B CN109489923 B CN 109489923B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0066—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by exciting or detecting vibration or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0075—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V13/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices covered by groups G01V1/00 – G01V11/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measuring system and a method for the free vibration period of a zero-length spring.A spring to be measured is suspended and hoisted under a spring suspension device, a spring hanging weight is coaxially and fixedly arranged under the spring to be measured, and the lower surface of the spring hanging weight is polished into a reflecting surface; a laser is arranged on one side below the spring hanging weight, and a Schmitt prism, an imaging lens and a PSD are sequentially arranged on the other side below the spring hanging weight. The invention utilizes the photoelectric method to measure the vibration period of the zero-length spring, and is high-precision and non-contact measurement, thereby eliminating the requirement on the measurement of the elongation of the spring; the waveform collected by the PSD is subjected to spectrum analysis, so that the measurement error caused by position error can be effectively reduced, and the measurement precision is improved in principle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gravity measurement, relates to the characteristic research of the change of the elasticity coefficient of a zero-length spring along with temperature, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring the free vibration period of the zero-length spring.
Background
The zero-length spring is a core sensitive element of the high-precision marine gravimeter. The spring constant is the most important parameter of a zero-length spring and changes along with the change of temperature. The elastic coefficient is reflected on the change of the elongation of the zero-length spring along with the change of the temperature, and is intuitively represented by the output of the gravity sensor through the force feedback loop. Measuring the spring extension can generally be measured by "static methods". The so-called "static method" is to hang a spring on a bracket, stretch the spring for a certain distance, obtain the elastic coefficient by measuring the change of the pulling force and the elongation, and obtain the change relation between the elastic coefficient and the temperature by comparing the measuring results at different temperatures.
However, the static method has high requirements on the measuring instrument, and the change of the spring elongation and the change of the spring suspension bracket are difficult to separate in the measuring process, so that a great measuring error is caused. According to a calculation formula of the spring elongation and a spring vibration formula, a relational expression between the elastic coefficient and the vibration period at different temperatures can be obtained through deduction, and force measurement and elongation measurement which are difficult to accurately measure can be converted into time measurement which is easy to accurately measure by utilizing the relational expression.
At present, most of existing instruments or devices for measuring the vibration period of the spring adopt a Jolly balance, the elongation of the spring is read by human eyes, and periodic measurement is carried out by adopting a Hall sensor.
No disclosure of a patent publication related to the present invention is found by a search of the patent publication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect of low measurement precision in the prior art, and provides a system and a method for measuring the free vibration period of a zero-length spring.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a measuring system for the free vibration period of a zero-length spring comprises a spring suspension device, a spring to be measured, a spring weight, a light source, a Schmitt prism, an imaging lens and a PSD, wherein the spring to be measured is suspended and hoisted under the spring suspension device, the spring weight is coaxially and fixedly arranged under the spring to be measured, and the lower surface of the spring weight is polished into a reflecting surface; the device comprises a spring weight, a light source, a laser, a Schmitt prism, an imaging lens and a PSD, wherein the laser is arranged on one side below the spring weight, the Schmitt prism, the imaging lens and the PSD are sequentially arranged on the other side below the spring weight, laser emitted by the light source is reflected to the Schmitt prism through a reflecting surface of the spring weight, the laser horizontally irradiates onto the imaging lens after being reflected and refracted through the Schmitt prism and reaches the PSD through the refraction of the imaging lens, the PSD converts a spot signal into an electric signal, the signal is transmitted to an upper computer through a signal acquisition and processing system, and a measurement process and a result of a zero-length spring free vibration period.
Moreover, the diameter of a large circle of the hanging weight of the spring is 50mm, the outer diameter of a small circle of the hanging weight of the spring is 40mm, and the lower surface of the hanging weight of the spring is polished; 3 x 5 screw holes are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the hanging weight in the radial direction, and 3 screws are screwed in the upper surface of the hanging weight to ensure the quality; after the weight is screwed into the spring, if the weight is inclined, the position of the screw is changed to level the weight.
Moreover, the bottom surface of the Schmitt prism is plated with a high-reflection film to adjust the light angle and the alignment.
And the light source comprises a laser and a collimator, the laser emits a beam of light with adjustable power, the light is coupled to the collimator through an optical fiber, a potentiometer is connected between a power supply of the laser and the laser in series, and the resistance value of the potentiometer is adjusted, namely the power of the laser can be adjusted by changing the driving voltage of the laser.
And the PSD adopts a two-dimensional PSD, adopts 12V power supply and outputs four voltage signals within 10V.
Moreover, the data acquisition system of the PSD takes a DSP chip TMS320F28335 as a core, and the periphery of the data acquisition system comprises a power supply module, a voltage conversion module, a CAN port controller and a serial port controller; the DSP TMS320F28335 is integrated with a CAN bus interface, a 2-path UART serial interface and a 16-path 12-bit A/D conversion module, and the CPU frequency is 150M; the DSP chip is provided with 16 paths of 12-bit A/D conversion modules, the input requirement is 0-3V, and a voltage conversion module is needed in the middle; DSP TMS320F28335 stores the data that the A/D conversion was gathered to in time send the computer to through CAN bus interface and serial interface, and the computer is responsible for final data storage and processing.
A method for measuring the free vibration period of a zero-length spring comprises the following steps:
the method includes the steps that a spring to be tested is installed on a spring suspension device, and the lower surface of a spring suspension weight is polished into a reflecting surface; when the spring to be tested vibrates, the lower surface of the spring hanging weight vibrates up and down along with the spring;
laser emitted by the laser forms an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction, is emitted to the lower surface of the weight hanger polished into a reflecting surface, and is reflected and then emitted to a photosensitive surface of the PSD;
thirdly, an imaging lens is additionally arranged between the weight-hanging reflecting surface and the PSD, when the amplitude of the spring is large, the position of the imaging lens is adjusted, the light spot range formed by the laser on the lower surface of the weight-hanging surface is between 1-z 0 of the plane, the 1 ' plane of the PSD is between 1-time focal length and 2-time focal length, and the light spot range is reduced to be between z ' -z0 '; similarly, when the amplitude of the spring is smaller, the range of z-z0 is reduced, the position of the imaging lens is adjusted, the light spot formed by the laser on the lower surface of the weight hanger is in the range of z-z0 of the 1 'plane, the 2' plane of the PSD is out of 2 times of focal length, and the light spot range is enlarged to be in the range of z '-z 0';
a Schmidt prism is additionally arranged between one side below the hanging weight and the imaging lens and has the function of deflecting emergent rays by 45 degrees, and therefore the optical axis is changed into the horizontal direction;
fifthly, imaging the laser of the laser to a photosensitive surface of the PSD after the laser is reflected by the mirror surface of the lower surface of the weight, converting a light spot signal into an electric signal by the PSD, and transmitting the measurement information to an upper computer by a signal acquisition and processing system; the test software makes the measurement process and result displayed visually after operation.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the photoelectric method to measure the zero-length spring vibration period, and is high-precision and non-contact measurement, thereby eliminating the requirement on the measurement of the spring elongation.
2. The invention carries out spectrum analysis on the waveform collected by the PSD, can effectively reduce the measurement error caused by position error, and improves the measurement precision in principle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the components of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the basic principle of the operation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the spot range adjustment principle of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an imaging lens profile of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the operation of the Schmitt prism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a prism showing the dimensions of a Schmitt prism structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a left side view of a prism showing dimensions of a Schmitt prism structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the spring hanger of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top view of the spring hanger of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the PSD signal of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of a data acquisition system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings; the present examples are illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
A measuring system of a zero-length spring free vibration period is disclosed, and is shown in figures 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, and comprises a spring suspension device 1, a spring to be measured 2, a spring weight 3, a light source 7, a Schmitt prism 4, an imaging lens 5 and a PSD6, wherein the spring to be measured is suspended and hoisted under the spring suspension device, the spring weight is coaxially and fixedly installed under the spring to be measured, and the lower surface of the spring weight is polished into a reflecting surface; the device comprises a spring weight, a light source, a laser, a Schmitt prism, an imaging lens and a PSD, wherein the laser is arranged on one side below the spring weight, the Schmitt prism, the imaging lens and the PSD are sequentially arranged on the other side below the spring weight, laser emitted by the light source is reflected to the Schmitt prism through a reflecting surface of the spring weight, the laser horizontally shoots to the imaging lens after being reflected and refracted by the Schmitt prism and reaches the PSD (photoelectric position sensitive device) through the refraction of the imaging lens, the PSD converts a facula signal into an electric signal, the signal is transmitted to an upper computer through a signal acquisition and processing system, and a measuring process and a measuring result of a zero-long spring free.
In this embodiment, fig. 8 and 9 are schematic structural diagrams of a spring weight, in which a large circle has a diameter of 50mm, and small circles have outer diameters of 40mm, respectively, and the lower surface is required to be polished; the upper surface of the weight hanger is uniformly distributed with 3 multiplied by 5 screw holes along the radial direction, and 3 screws are screwed in the upper surface to ensure the quality. After the weight is screwed into the spring, if the weight is inclined, the position of the screw can be changed to level the weight.
In this embodiment, the schmitt prism has a structure as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the left figure is coated with a high-reflection film on the bottom surface to reduce the power loss when the light is refracted inside the prism, and the right figure is coated with a high-reflection film on the upper shaded portion to adjust the angle and alignment of the light.
In this embodiment, the light source includes a laser and a collimator, and the laser emits a beam of light with adjustable power, and the light is coupled to the collimator through an optical fiber. The collimator can emit light rays and also can receive reflected light rays, and the incident angle of the light rays can be adjusted by detecting the power of the received light rays; the collimator serves only to emit light as measuring light during the measurement. The wavelength of the laser needs to be determined by combining a spectral response curve of the PSD, and the power of the laser is determined by the saturation optical power phi sat of the PSD. A potentiometer can be connected in series between a power supply of the laser and the laser, and the resistance value of the potentiometer is adjusted, namely the power of the laser can be adjusted by changing the driving voltage of the laser. The laser wavelength should be matched with the spectral response curve of the PSD, and the spectral range of visible light is selected as far as possible, and a laser with the wavelength of 635nm or 650nm is recommended.
In this embodiment, a two-dimensional PSD (photoelectric position sensitive device) is used as the PSD, which aims to reduce the influence of spring disturbance on measurement and reduce the measurement difficulty, and the working principle of the PSD is shown in fig. 10.
In this embodiment, a block diagram of the data acquisition system of the PSD is shown in fig. 11, and the data acquisition system takes a DSP chip TMS320F28335 as a core, and the periphery includes a power supply module, a voltage conversion module, a CAN port controller, a serial port controller, and the like. DSPTMS320F28335 is integrated with CAN bus interface, 2-way UART serial interface and 16-way 12-bit A/D conversion module, CPU frequency is 150M, completely meeting the needs of the system. The PSD module adopts 12V power supply and outputs four voltage signals within 10V. The DSP chip is provided with 16 paths of 12-bit A/D conversion, the input requirement is 0-3V, so the output of the PSD module cannot be directly input into the DSP for A/D conversion, and a voltage conversion module is needed in the middle. DSP TMS320F28335 stores the data that the A/D conversion was gathered to in time send the computer through CAN bus interface and serial interface. The computer is responsible for final data storage and processing.
A method for measuring the free vibration period of a zero-length spring comprises the following steps:
the method includes the steps that a spring to be tested is installed on a spring suspension device, and the lower surface of a spring suspension weight is polished into a reflecting surface; when the spring to be tested vibrates, the lower surface of the spring hanging weight vibrates up and down along with the spring;
emitting laser emitted by a laser to the lower surface of the weight hanger at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction, obliquely emitting the laser to the lower surface of the weight hanger polished into a reflecting surface at an angle of 45 degrees, and emitting the laser to a photosensitive surface of a photoelectric Position Sensitive Device (PSD) after reflection, and referring to fig. 2; when the spring vibrates, the lower surface of the hanging weight vibrates in the vertical direction; if the lower surface of the weight is at the position z0 at the moment tau 0, the light spot falls on the position p0 of the PSD; when the lower surface of the weight is at the z position at the moment tau, the light spot falls to the p position of the PSD;
in order to adapt to the condition that light spots can fall on the photosensitive surface of the PSD under different spring amplitudes, an imaging lens needs to be added between the weight-hanging reflecting surface and the PSD, the working principle is shown in FIG. 3, wherein 1 represents an object plane in large amplitude, 1 'represents an image plane in large amplitude, 2 represents an object plane in small amplitude, 2' represents an image plane in small amplitude, and 3 represents the imaging lens. When the amplitude of the spring is larger, the light spot formed by the laser on the lower surface of the weight is in the range of z-z0 of the 1 plane, the position of the imaging lens 3 is adjusted, the 1 ' plane is in the range of 1-time focal length and 2-time focal length, and the light spot range can be reduced to be in the range of z ' -z0 '; similarly, when the spring amplitude is small, the z-z0 range becomes small, and the position of the imaging lens 3 is adjusted so that the 2 ' plane is out of 2 times the focal length, and the spot range can be enlarged to between z ' -z0 '. The outline of the imaging lens is schematically shown in fig. 4, in which 1 denotes a diameter, 2 denotes an effective focal length, 3 denotes a back focal length, 4 denotes a center thickness, and 5 denotes an edge thickness.
To adjust the position of the imaging lens conveniently, a Schmitt prism is added between the lower side of the hanging weight and the imaging lens, the function of the Schmitt prism is to deflect the emergent light rays by 45 degrees, so that the optical axis can be changed into the horizontal direction, and the working principle of the Schmitt prism is shown in fig. 5.
Fifthly, imaging the laser of the laser to a photosensitive surface of the PSD after the laser is reflected by the mirror surface of the lower surface of the weight, converting a light spot signal into an electric signal by the PSD, and transmitting the measurement information to an upper computer by a signal acquisition and processing system; the test software makes the measurement process and result displayed visually after operation.
According to the output voltage of the module, the coordinates (X, Y) of the light spot on the PSD photosensitive surface can be calculated by using the following formula, and the origin of the coordinates is the central position of the PSD photosensitive surface.
Wherein L is the side length of the PSD photosensitive surface, and L is 10 mm.
The signal acquisition and processing system is used for synchronously acquiring output signals of the PSD module and transmitting the output signals to the upper computer. The output signal of the known PSD is four-way analog voltage, and the A/D ratio is required to be not lower than 1/2048, and the output frequency is not lower than 2500 Hz.
The block diagram of the PSD data acquisition system is shown in fig. 11, and the PSD data acquisition system takes a DSP chip TMS320F28335 as a core, and the periphery includes a power supply module, a voltage conversion module, a CAN port controller, a serial port controller, and the like. DSP TMS320F28335 is integrated with CAN bus interface, 2 way UART serial interface and 16 way 12 bit A/D conversion module etc. and the CPU frequency is 150M, satisfies the needs of this system completely. The PSD module adopts 12V power supply and outputs four voltage signals within 10V. The DSP chip is provided with 16 paths of 12-bit A/D conversion, the input requirement is 0-3V, so the output of the PSD module cannot be directly input into the DSP for A/D conversion, and a voltage conversion module is needed in the middle. DSP TMS320F28335 stores the data that the A/D conversion was gathered to in time send the computer through CAN bus interface and serial interface. The computer is responsible for final data storage and processing.
The principle of the invention is as follows: when the spring vibrates, the position change of the light spot on the PSD photosensitive surface represents the position change of the lower surface of the hanging weight. The output signal of the PSD is converted into a light spot position signal by using a signal acquisition and amplification circuit, so that the position information of the spring in the vibration process can be obtained, a vibration curve is drawn, the curve is a sine curve theoretically, and the obtained data is subjected to frequency spectrum analysis, so that the period of the spring vibration can be obtained.
Claims (1)
1. A measuring system of zero-length spring free vibration period is characterized in that: the device comprises a spring suspension device, a spring to be tested, a spring weight, a light source, a Schmitt prism, an imaging lens and a PSD, wherein the spring to be tested is suspended and hoisted under the spring suspension device, the spring weight is coaxially and fixedly arranged under the spring to be tested, and the lower surface of the spring weight is polished into a reflecting surface; a laser is arranged on one side below the spring hanging weight, a Schmitt prism, an imaging lens and a PSD are sequentially arranged on the other side below the spring hanging weight, laser emitted by a light source is reflected to the Schmitt prism through a reflecting surface of the spring hanging weight, the laser horizontally irradiates onto the imaging lens after being reflected and refracted by the Schmitt prism and reaches the PSD through the refraction of the imaging lens, the PSD converts a light spot signal into an electric signal, the signal is transmitted to an upper computer through a signal acquisition and processing system, and a measurement process and a result of a zero-length spring free vibration period are visually displayed after being calculated by test software;
the diameter of a large circle of the hanging weight of the spring is 50mm, the outer diameter of a small circle of the hanging weight of the spring is 40mm, and the lower surface of the hanging weight of the spring is polished; 3 x 5 screw holes are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the hanging weight in the radial direction, and 3 screws are screwed in the upper surface of the hanging weight to ensure the quality; after the hanging weight is screwed into the spring, if the hanging weight tilts, the hanging weight is leveled by changing the position of the screw;
the bottom surface of the Schmitt prism is plated with a high-reflection film to adjust the light angle and align;
the light source comprises a laser and a collimator, the laser emits a beam of light with adjustable power, the light is coupled to the collimator through an optical fiber, a potentiometer is connected between a power supply of the laser and the laser in series, and the resistance value of the potentiometer is adjusted, namely the power of the laser can be adjusted by changing the driving voltage of the laser;
the PSD adopts a two-dimensional PSD, adopts a plus or minus 12V power supply and outputs four voltage signals within the range of plus or minus 10V;
the data acquisition system of the PSD takes a DSP chip TMS320F28335 as a core, and the periphery of the data acquisition system comprises a power supply module, a voltage conversion module, a CAN port controller and a serial port controller; the DSP TMS320F28335 is integrated with a CAN bus interface, a 2-path UART serial interface and a 16-path 12-bit A/D conversion module, and the CPU frequency is 150M; the DSP chip is provided with 16 paths of 12-bit A/D conversion modules, the input requirement is 0-3V, and a voltage conversion module is needed in the middle; the DSP TMS320F28335 stores the data acquired by A/D conversion and sends the data to a computer through a CAN bus interface and a serial interface in time, and the computer is responsible for final data storage and processing;
the method for measuring the free vibration period of the zero-length spring comprises the following steps:
the method includes the steps that a spring to be tested is installed on a spring suspension device, and the lower surface of a spring suspension weight is polished into a reflecting surface; when the spring to be tested vibrates, the lower surface of the spring hanging weight vibrates up and down along with the spring;
laser emitted by the laser forms an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction, is emitted to the lower surface of the weight hanger which is polished into a reflecting surface, and is emitted to a photosensitive surface of the PSD after being reflected;
thirdly, an imaging lens is additionally arranged between the weight-hanging reflecting surface and the PSD, when the amplitude of the spring is large, the position of the imaging lens is adjusted, the light spot range formed by the laser on the lower surface of the weight-hanging surface is between 1-z 0 of the plane, the 1 ' plane of the PSD is between 1-time focal length and 2-time focal length, and the light spot range is reduced to be between z ' -z0 '; similarly, when the amplitude of the spring is smaller, the range of z-z0 is reduced, the position of the imaging lens is adjusted, the light spot formed by the laser on the lower surface of the weight hanger is in the range of z-z0 of the 1 'plane, the 2' plane of the PSD is out of 2 times of focal length, and the light spot range is enlarged to be in the range of z '-z 0';
a Schmidt prism is additionally arranged between one side below the hanging weight and the imaging lens and has the function of deflecting emergent rays by 45 degrees, so that the optical axis is changed into the horizontal direction;
fifthly, imaging the laser of the laser to a photosensitive surface of the PSD after the laser is reflected by the mirror surface of the lower surface of the weight, converting a light spot signal into an electric signal by the PSD, and transmitting the measurement information to an upper computer by a signal acquisition and processing system; the test software makes the measurement process and result displayed visually after operation.
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| CN104364623A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2015-02-18 | 欧姆龙株式会社 | Electret-type vibration detection system, method for generating external vibration information, method for generating transfer function information relating to external vibration, program for generating external vibration information, and program for generating transfer function information relating to external vibration |
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| GB0524962D0 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2006-01-18 | Pharmakodex Ltd | Topical pharmaceutical compositions |
| CN202339299U (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Horizontal adjusting device in single-wire suspending plate weight adding method |
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| CN103438805A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2013-12-11 | 长春理工大学 | Refraction-amplifying optical displacement sensor |
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