CN1094867A - Capable of self-starting double speed synchronous generator-motor - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of capable of self-starting change pole double speed synchronous generator-motor, its mechanical structure is the same with the single speed salient pole synchronous electric machine, can not adorn the damping cage, and is easy to manufacture, without any need for additional starting equipment, just can the full voltage across-the-line starting, starting current is little, and starting torque is big, pull in easily, and the elimination overvoltage of exciter rotor winding is arranged, unit dynamic stability height, advantage such as good voltage waveform when making generator.Be suitable for hydroenergy storage station.
Description
The invention belongs to the structure of synchronous generator-motor, the starting method that winding connects and do the motor time spent.
Hydroenergy storage station has had the history in more than 100 year since coming out, long-term practice makes people progressively recognize its superiority.At thermoelectricity and nuclear power is in master's the system, build the hydroenergy storage station of a constant volume, low ebb electric weight with efficient unit replaces the thermoelectricity peakload, generally speaking still economical, rapidly convenient because of the pumped storage startup and shutdown of units again, have very big flexibility, make it become the indispensable part of modern large-scale power system.
Used synchronous generator-the motor unit of hydroenergy storage station, the development that is called for short the accumulation of energy unit must solve a lot of key technical problems, and wherein most critical is starting problem when doing the motor operation.Starting problem solves fine or notly, directly influences investment what and the running quality in power station, therefore is the emphasis research topic that hydroenergy storage station is built for a long time.Next is voltage waveform and dynamic stability problem, the quality of its good bad influence power station power supply and the ability of power supply when making generator operation.The 3rd is the overvoltage problem of excitation winding, and it influences the power station reliability of operation.The 4th is the annual efficient of accumulation of energy unit, and it directly influences the expense of power station operation.
The used unit of hydroenergy storage station has three kinds of forms, i.e. four machine formulas, three machine formulas and two machine formulas.Most popular accumulation of energy unit is two machine formulas on the contemporary world.So-called two machine formulas are meant generator and motor unification, constitute synchronous generator-motor, and the hydraulic turbine and water pump unification, the formation pump-turbine, and the two is coaxial, is generator-hydraulic turbine when just changeing, and is motor-water pump when reversing, and is called Reversible Machinery Group.Because two machine formula reduced investments and control are convenient, most in recent years two machine formula units that adopt.Therefore two machine formula units are main trend of development.
In two machine formula units of synchronous generator-motor and the coaxial rotation of the hydraulic turbine-water pump, there is one " pole-changing, not pole-changing " i.e. " double speed, single speed " problem.
From unit efficiency and reliability.Past, be to improve the efficient of pump-turbine, most of units adopt change pole double speed synchronous generator-motor, the rotating speed of the rotating speed when making motor-water pump operation when making the hydraulic turbine-generator operation.Compare with the single speed unit, can make unit efficiency improve 2-6%, and reduce the vibration and the cavitation of pump-turbine, thereby improve the reliability of unit operation.But in recent years, owing to think that the change pole double speed synchronous machine is too complicated, be difficult for making, and the manufacturing technology of pump-turbine improves, allow to adopt single rotating speed, therefore tend to adopt the not single speed unit of pole-changing abroad, and would rather sacrifice the raising unit efficiency that aforementioned employing change pole double speed unit brings and the benefit of operational reliability.
Another significant problem in two machine formula units is the starting problem when doing the motor operation.For a long time, external starting problem for solution accumulation of energy unit has carried out extensive work.The quality that this problem solves is estimated from following two aspects, the firstth, the cost of the required optional equipment of starting, the secondth, the quality of starting, mainly be whether starting current little, whether starting torque very big and starting whether rapidly, reliable.Up to the present, the starting method of adopting in the world mainly contains following five kinds: 1) the full voltage asynchronous starting of dress damping cage on the rotor; 2) the damping cage adds the step-down asynchronous starting of dropping equipment; 3) be loaded on coaxial starting motor starting with another; 4) with the synchronous initiation of another hydraulic generator power supply, be called method of starting back-to-back; 5) with the varying frequency starting of static frequency-conversion device.But these five kinds of methods all can not satisfy the two aspect requirements of pointing out previously simultaneously, are not the starting poor quality, and the cost that starts required optional equipment exactly is very high.In order to guarantee to start quality, think that state-of-the-art starting method is the varying frequency starting with the static frequency-conversion device present age.Its shortcoming is that the static frequency-conversion device is very expensive.Its cost is several times of motor cost often, and converter plant comprises a large amount of electronic components, and is very high to surrounding environment and maintenance requirement, has carelessness just to break down slightly, and reliability is serious problems.Another method relatively commonly used is the 4th a kind of above-mentioned method, i.e. method of starting back-to-back; The shortcoming of this method: at first be often to have a hydraulic generator or standby pumped storage unit to use generator, power in order to drag unit to quilt, thereby increased the investment in power station greatly as dragging; Next is, during initial start, rotating speed begins to rise by zero, and it is very low, therefore little by the starting torque of its generation that the voltage that provides with generator is provided, and is difficult to the very big accumulation of energy startup of unit of moment of inertia.
Voltage waveform when making generator operation and dynamic stability about the accumulation of energy unit, and the overvoltage problem of motor excitation winding also is the problem of furtheing investigate for a long time both at home and abroad.But owing to fail the root that the elimination problem produces, achieving no breakthrough property progress.
The objective of the invention is for address the above problem comprehensively, propose a kind of capable of self-starting hydroenergy storage station synchronous generator-motor.This novel accumulation of energy unit, do not need to increase any additional starting device, motor internal does not only need to increase any parts that aim at starting and be provided with, and the conventional synchronization motor just can add that so as to the also cancel all of damping cage on the rotating pole-piece of being loaded on of starting full voltage starts unit rapidly.This starting method, it is little and starting torque is big to be designed to starting current, thereby starting quality factor is very high, significantly improves the starting characteristic of unit.This shows, adopt this starting new method, will make storage station save a considerable investment of purchasing starting device, significantly improve the starting quality of unit, greatly bring into play the accumulation of energy startup and shutdown of units rapidly, control superiority flexibly.
The present invention is directed to two the most rising machine formula accumulation of energy units of the present age, is the breach to solve starting problem, solves other problems more thus comprehensively.For solving starting problem the present invention following basic structure and starting method are proposed:
1. adopt two kinds of rotating speeds, do that generator-hydraulic turbine time spent rotating speed is lower, and it is higher to make motor-water pump time spent rotating speed.Correspondingly, the number of poles of motor stator winding, that does the generator time spent likens the many of motor time spent to, and the number of poles of establishing generator and motor is respectively F and D, then F＞D.
2. the mechanical structure of each parts of motor is the same with traditional single speed salient-pole synchronous generator, and F regular magnetic pole arranged on the rotor, evenly distributes, and each field structure is identical.But and traditional salient pole synchronous electric machine has relatively been cancelled the damping cage that is loaded on the pole shoe.
3. stator winding adopts particular design, needs three switches (i.e. three " three-phase contactor "), and wherein two are connected to electrical network, and the 3rd be used for three branch roads disconnections in the winding or closure.The stator winding of particular design has following function:
1) when the 3rd switch closure, second switch drops into electrical network to first switch when electrical network disconnects, and stator winding is F the utmost point, the rotating magnetic field of the generation F utmost point, and motor moves as synchronous generator;
2) when the 3rd switch closure, first switch drops into electrical network to second switch when electrical network disconnects, and stator winding is the D utmost point of counter-rotating, promptly produces the counter-rotating rotating magnetic field of the D utmost point, and motor moves as synchronous motor;
3) disconnect when first switch, when second switch dropped into electrical network, the 3rd switch disconnection, then stator winding produced the rotating magnetic field of the D utmost point and two equidirectional rotations of the Q utmost point simultaneously, Q＜D wherein, and promptly the synchronous speed of the Q utmost point is than the height of the D utmost point.At this moment except that D utmost point first-harmonic, increased a Q utmost point starting harmonic wave that harmonic starting is required.
For obtaining the rotating magnetic field of above-mentioned F, D, three kinds of numbers of poles of Q, can design stator winding by double winding and two kinds of different modes of simplex winding.When adopting the double winding mode, the first cover winding connects aforesaid first switch as generator operation; The second cover winding is as the motor operation, and this winding outlet six roots of sensation is connected to aforementioned second and the 3rd switch respectively.When adopting the simplex winding mode, have only a cover winding on the stator, nine of outlets connect aforementioned three switches respectively.This design of Windings becomes: when the 3rd switch closure, when second and the 3rd switch dropped into electrical network respectively, stator produced the F utmost point (generator is used) and two rotating magnetic fields of the D utmost point (engine is used) respectively; If under the motor operating condition, the 3rd switch disconnected and the cut-out stator winding, then stator winding produces the D utmost point and the Q utmost point simultaneously, and Q＜D, two rotating magnetic fields, when carrying out motor starting in the case, D is first-harmonic very, and Q very starts harmonic wave, thereby realizes the double wave starting of first-harmonic and harmonic wave associating.
4. the excitation winding that is enclosed within on each salient pole of rotor all connects by the method for identical " particular design ".Its feature is as follows: each pole core is overlapping two excitation winding, and their number of turn difference links together in parallel, and two windings are connected in parallel a little around pole core and another direction that detours that is connected in parallel a little that arrives is identical from one.
5. realize losing utmost point formula pole-changing by five slip rings and two switches between the excitation winding of F salient pole on the rotor and connect, at this moment two kinds of different bind modes are arranged:
1) first kind of bind mode, F salient pole all has the DC excitation electric current to pass through, and at this moment rotor produces F the magnetic pole that is symmetrically distributed, and is used for the generator operating mode;
2) second kind of bind mode has only D salient pole to have the DC excitation electric current to pass through in F the salient pole, do not have the DC excitation electric current to pass through in the excitation winding of left (F-D) individual salient pole; At this moment rotor produces D the magnetic pole that substantial symmetry distributes, and is used for motor working condition.
6. have many outstanding advantages by above-mentioned 5 produced synchronous generator-motor, below only to the most important wherein-can start-do argumentation in detail voluntarily, other advantages illustrate in the back.
Aforementioned the 3rd switch all is in closure state when normal operation (doing the operation of generator or motor).When requiring unit when generator-hydraulic turbine change working is motor-pump operating condition, need not to utilize other any attachment devices, unit can start rapidly voluntarily, and its process is as follows:
1) first switch is disconnected from electrical network, add braking, make the very fast reduction of speed of unit;
When 2) unit is slack by the time, cut off epitrochanterian dc excitation power, again second switch on the stator dropped into electrical network, this moment, stator winding produced the counter-rotating rotating magnetic field of a very strong D utmost point, and the F phase winding system of a symmetry of the excitation winding of F salient pole formation on the rotor, because D ≠ F, operation principle according to asynchronous motor, " particular design " that cooperates the excitation winding of each salient pole of rotor, produce a very strong starting torque in the motor, unit is started rapidly, rotate towards the counter steer direction, and starting current is very little, can the full voltage across-the-line starting.
Why can obtain so good starting characteristic? be described as follows: D utmost point rotating magnetic field is induced electromotive force in being placed in two shunt excitation windings of each magnetic pole, because the number of turn difference of two windings, their induced electromotive force is along not cancelling each other in the little closed-loop path that two windings constitute, thereby generation circulation, make in two excitation winding of each magnetic pole and flowing equal and opposite in direction and the opposite electric current of direction.At this moment produce two effects: the firstth, the effective turn of this little closed-loop path reduces, rotor parameter is folded to square being inversely proportional to of effective turn of the conversion factor of stator and rotor winding according to asynchronous machine, as seen its effect is that the rotor resistance that causes converting stator significantly improves; The secondth,, because the current opposite in direction of two excitation winding, but the stray field major part that they produce is cancelled each other (its cancellation level is decided on the number of turn cooperation and the spatial placement situation of two windings), thereby the leakage reactance of every utmost point excitation winding is very little, remains unchanged even reduces and can reach the rotor leakage reactance of converting stator.According to the starting performance of asynchronous motor and the relation of rotor parameter, aforementioned two effects must improve starting torque and reduce starting current, therefore significantly improve starting characteristic.
3) when unit accelerated to synchronous speed near the D utmost point, rotor was pressed motor working condition and is dropped into the DC excitation electric current, produced synchronous torque between D the magnetic pole of this moment, rotor produced D magnetic pole and stator generation, may pull in rotor, finished starting process.
4) if unit runs into bigger resistance when rotating, thereby the asynchronous torque that produces between the stator D utmost point and the symmetrical winding system of rotor F is not enough to rotor is dragged to synchronous speed near the D utmost point, and stable operation under the situation of big revolutional slip, the DC excitation that drops into the D utmost point this moment on rotor may not be pulled in.In the case, can disconnect the 3rd switch that was in closure state on the stator originally, make stator except that existing D utmost point rotating magnetic field, increase by one again with turning to and rotating speed is higher than the Q utmost point rotating magnetic field of the D utmost point (because of Q＜D).At this moment, produce an additional asynchronous torque between the stator Q utmost point and the symmetrical winding system of rotor F, the synchronous speed the rotor acceleration arrival D utmost point has dropped at rotor under the situation of D utmost point DC excitation electric current, and rotor will be pulled into synchronously.Eliminate stator on additional Q pole field again the 3rd switch closure on the stator this moment, makes stator have only the D pole field, just finished starting process.
Novel accumulation of energy unit that the present invention proposes and conventional accumulation of energy unit superiority relatively
Most popular similar unit comparison on the accumulation of energy unit that the present invention proposes and the contemporary world has following superiority:
1. from unit efficiency.The front points out, owing to traditional change pole double speed accumulation of energy electric machine structure complexity, be difficult to make, so the single speed unit that most popular accumulation of energy unit is a not pole-changing on the contemporary world.Change pole double speed synchronous generator-motor that the present invention proposes, because adopting, rotor loses utmost point formula pole-changing, its mechanical structure is the same with conventional salient pole single speed synchronous generator, very simple and easy manufacturing, its stator and rotor winding also just has its special character on spatial arrangements and the coupling method, and is feasible fully on the technology.So, with the present age most popular single speed unit relatively, realize double speed easily and make unit efficiency improve 2-6% that to big capacity unit, efficient improves 2-6% and means and save a considerable electric energy, in electric energy in great shortage today, is significant!
2. from solving starting problem.The starting problem of pumped storage unit when doing the motor operation is a significant problem in power station, point out the front, adopt five kinds of starting methods to solve this problem in the world, but all can not satisfy the requirement of cheap and superior in quality two aspects of starting of required optional equipment simultaneously.The unit that the present invention proposes, because stator winding and rotor-exciting winding all adopt specific process to connect, thereby accomplish: not only not needing increases any optional equipment, and the original damping cage of motor internal also cancels, and just can realize the starting voluntarily of unit in high quality.Owing to the across-the-line starting of energy full voltage, do not pass through any other auxiliary equipment during starting again, so starting process is simple, rapid and reliability is very high.Like this, from starting equipment needed thereby cost and starting quality taking it all round, the startup of unit method that the present invention proposes is most economical the highest with quality.With state-of-the-art starting method-static frequency converter starting-comparison on the contemporary world, the quality of the starting method that the present invention proposes is better than it, and the expense of on cost, having saved a considerable purchase static frequency-conversion device.
3. from the dynamic stability of motor operation.The dynamic stability of synchronous machine operation is decided by its parameter transient reactance X
' dSize, X
' dLittle then stability is high.And X
' dSize be decided by the leakage reactance of excitation winding again, this leakage reactance is more little, then X
' dMore little.The front points out, and the leakage reactance of rotor-exciting winding is very little during synchronous motor starting of the present invention, correspondingly X
' dVery little, so the dynamic stability of motor is very high, this is that conventional synchronous machine is difficult to accomplish.
4. the voltage waveform during from generator operation.The quality of generator voltage waveform has a significant impact the power supply quality of electrical network, thus national standard there are strict requirements, to large synchronous generator, require the sinusoidal sex distortion rate of voltage waveform＜5%, telephone harmonic form factor＜1.5%.According to inventor's research, the existence of damping cage is the main root that the synchronous generator voltage waveform degenerates on the rotor.Do not adorn the damping cage on the synchronous electric motor rotor that the present invention proposes, so its voltage waveform good more than the synchronous machine that the damping cage is housed of routine.
Be described as follows about the reason that can not adorn the damping cage on the rotating pole-piece.The front points out that two shunt excitation windings of each salient pole of synchronous machine that the present invention proposes constitute closed electric loop.So, when motor speed departs from synchronous speed and vibrates, certainly will in above-mentioned closed-loop path, produce electric current, correspondingly produce an asynchronous torque, damped oscillation, make rotor keep rotation synchronously, so the excitation winding of particular design has the effect of damping cage concurrently, and do not need to adorn the damping cage on the salient pole pole shoe.
Consider again when making generator operation that rotor magnetic pole is to be made of regular utmost point shape, symmetry, equally distributed salient pole, created fine condition for obtaining good voltage waveform.
5. from the overvoltage problem of excitation winding.The excitation winding of conventional synchronous machine is a multiturn series connection winding, and there is not closed electric loop in its inside, therefore when the motor stator switch trips suddenly or break exciting current suddenly, often high voltage occurs and punctures insulation, burns rotor, causes the accident.The synchronous machine that the present invention proposes because all there is closed electric loop in the excitation winding inside of each salient pole, therefore can not produce high voltage, does not exist overvoltage problem and conventional synchronous generator relatively, has improved the reliability of unit operation greatly.
6. from the possibility of asynchronous operation.Conventional synchronous machine can only utilize the damping cage to do asynchronous operation when field power supply breaks down.As is generally known it is the damping cage is an incomplete polyphase system, very little as be bound to poor performance, capacity of asynchronous operation with it.The synchronous machine that the present invention proposes, its rotor-exciting winding constitute symmetrical, a complete fully polyphase system after cutting off dc excitation power, be very suitable for doing asynchronous operation, and performance during its asynchronous operation and capacity will be higher than conventional synchronous machine.
Comprehensively the above can get conclusion: synchronous generator-motor that the large-scale pumped storage power power station adopts the present invention to propose, with adopt contemporary most popular single speed synchronous generator-motor relatively, will obtain huge economic benefit and social benefit: at first be to purchase jumbo and employ the static frequency-conversion device and save a considerable investment owing to saving; Next is owing to unit efficiency improves 2-6% the power station energy consumption to be descended, and saves a large amount of electric energy, thereby reduces the operating cost in power station greatly; The 3rd is that the starting of doing the motor time spent is of high quality, and therefore the accumulation of energy in power station and the technical performance of generating is significantly improved because the dynamic stability of unit improves, to make the voltage waveform of generator time spent fine; The 4th is owing to do not exist the capacity of overvoltage of exciter rotor winding problem and asynchronous operation very big, thereby reduces stopping accident, improves the power station reliability of operation greatly.
Aforesaid motor stator winding structure can produce the rotating magnetic field of F, D, three kinds of numbers of poles of Q, can realize self-starting unloaded and heavy duty, but the stator winding outlet is nine, needs three switches.If unit is in the no-load condition starting, and the moment of inertia of rotor axial system is not very big, then only need the rotating magnetic field of F, two kinds of numbers of poles of D, just only can realize the self-starting of unit with the fundamental wave magnetic field of D the utmost point.At this moment stator winding has only six roots of sensation outlet, only need two switches, so stator winding structure is simplified greatly.
For simplifying rotor structure improving its anufacturability, and in order to improve starting characteristic, F regular magnetic pole arranged on the rotor of aforementioned motor, evenly distribute, each field structure is identical.If but the harmonic field that produces by rotor excitation current when weakening unit and doing the motor operation, also can adopt informal magnetic pole, not be equally spaced, the big or small utmost point, not wait special constructions such as the excitation winding number of turn, crooked pole shoe.
More than double speed salient pole synchronous generator-motor of using at hydroenergy storage station.Obviously, described electric machine structure and self-starting method also are applicable to the double speed salient pole synchronous generator-motor of other purposes.Say that at large as long as possess a condition, promptly the unit rotating speed of doing motor when operation is higher than the rotating speed when making generator operation, just can use the self-starting of the present invention when realizing making motor easily.
The above-mentioned self-starting method that proposes at salient pole type synchronous generator-motor also is applicable to double speed hidden pole type synchronous generator-motor.Different is, the excitation winding concentrated area of the every utmost point of salient pole type synchronous motor rotor is enclosed within on the salient pole iron core, and the excitation winding of the every utmost point of hidden pole type synchronous machine then is embedded in the several trough that distributes along rotor circumference.At this moment,, adopt following method for designing, design earlier the excitation winding of F hidden pole type magnetic pole routinely, be called " former excitation winding " in order to realize self-starting; The cover number of turn and " the former excitation winding " that on " the former excitation winding " of every utmost point, superpose again then different, be embedded in " stack excitation winding " in " former excitation winding " institute caulking groove; At last, every two kinds of excitation winding under are extremely linked together in parallel, two windings are connected in parallel from one and a little center on pole center and another direction that detours that is connected in parallel a little that arrives is identical.
Accompanying drawing 1: stator winding connection method schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 2: the rotor winding is arranged schematic diagram.
Lift an example explanation below.Known required double speed salient pole synchronous generator-motor is 6 utmost points when making generator operation, operates to 4 utmost points as motor.Stator winding has a variety of different designs schemes, now adopts folded formula winding that simplex winding, bilayer, levels do not wait circle as an example.Getting number of stator slots is 72 grooves.Whole stator winding is divided into nine sections, presses the 3Y/3Y shown in the accompanying drawing 1 and connect.The stator outlet is nine, connects three switch S 1, S2, S3.By the different operating of switch, can obtain the rotating magnetic field that three kinds of situations appear in single 6 utmost points, single 4 utmost points, 4 utmost points and 2 utmost points simultaneously.Eight coils of every section series connection of nine sections windings wherein have four to be multiturn coil, and all the other four are few circle coil, and multiturn is 2: 1 with the turn ratio of few circle.These nine sections coil numbers of being connected (be the embedded groove in limit, coil upper strata number) are as follows:
1）1，2，3′，4′，5′，6′，-19，-20;
2）-21，-22，-23′，-24′，37′，38′，39，40;
3）41，42，-55′，-56′，-57′，-58′，-59，-60;
4）49，50，51′，52′，53′，54′，-67，-68;
5）13′，14′，15，16，-69，-70，-71′，-72′;
6）17，18，-31′，-32′，-33′，-34′，-35，-36;
7）25，26，27′，28′，29′，30′，-43，-44;
8）-45，-46，-47′，-48′，61′，62′，63，64;
9）-7′，-8′，-9′，-10′，-11，-12，65，66。
What wherein band was cast aside be that multiturn is counted coil, and the front is that reversal connection is connected when the series connection of "-" number is arranged.Coil span y=12(is 1-13), the copper factor of every groove is identical.
Rotor is pressed the generator operating mode, installs 6 regular, as to be equally spaced salient poles, the unequal and excitation winding that is connected in parallel of two numbers of turn of each magnetic pole cover.Their deployment scenarios spatially are diversified, and accompanying drawing 2 is the example of some arrangements.Among the figure a) to c) with the hard winding of lenticular wire, "+" and "-" represents two kinds of windings respectively, figure d) with circle line mush winding, filled circles and open circles are represented two kinds of windings respectively, earlier both and together and around, use again single (open circles) solely around.Adjust the turn ratio and the spatial placement situation of this two winding, can change unit and make the 4 pole motors starting characteristic in when operation.Connection between the excitation winding of 6 salient poles is synchronous electric motor rotor pole-changing method routinely, is connected into two kinds of forms by two double-pole switchs: first kind of form is that 6 salient poles all pass through the DC excitation electric current, is used for the generator operating mode; Second kind of form is only to allow 4 salient poles by exciting current, and other 2 salient poles (differing from 180 ° of layouts) are excitation not, is used for motor working condition.
When unit is made generator operation, switch S 3 closures on the stator, S2 disconnects, the closed electrical network that inserts of S1, rotor is then by 6 utmost point excitations.At this moment stator winding is that 3Y connects, and produces 6 a very strong utmost point rotating magnetic fields, other harmonic contents seldom, amplitude is very little.When switch S 3 closures, S1 disconnects, and when switch S 2 combined floodgates were dropped into electrical network, stator winding changed another kind of 3Y into and connects, and produces 4 a very strong utmost point rotating magnetic fields, makes startup of unit.At this moment the harmonic wave beyond 4 utmost point first-harmonics is also very weak, and the strongest same harmonic wave that turns to is 10 utmost points, and its magnetic potential amplitude is 4.69% of a first-harmonic, and is little to the starting influence.In the case, if starting under no load and unit rotor moment of inertia are not very big, then unit is rapid raising speed, when its during near 1500 rev/mins of 4 utmost point synchronous speeds, dropping into 4 utmost point excitations can pull in.If the bringing onto load starting, or the unit rotor moment of inertia is very big, then the stable operation of unit possibility is in big revolutional slip, and drop into 4 utmost point excitations this moment, is difficult to pull in.In order to solve this contingent difficult problem, the present invention specially sets up a switch S 3 at stator.Under normal circumstances, S3 is always closed, keeping stator winding to press 3Y connects, but when occurring aforesaidly being difficult to pull in during phenomenon, as long as cut-off switch S3, stator is promptly from 3Y connection becoming delta connection, and at this moment stator winding also produces one with the 2 very strong utmost point harmonic waves (its magnetic potential amplitude is 89.58%) that turn to except that producing 4 utmost point first-harmonics (its magnetic potential amplitude is as 100%).So under the synergy of 4 utmost point first-harmonics and 2 utmost point harmonic waves, pulling in not to have difficulty.
Claims (7)
1, the number of poles D of a kind of number of poles F when making generator operation when doing the motor operation, nine outlets of stator winding, be connected with three switches (three " three-phase contactor ") respectively, the regular utmost point shape of a rotor arrangement F identical in structure, equally distributed salient pole, can realize two kinds of different bind modes by five slip rings with two switches between the excitation winding of F salient pole, first kind all has the DC excitation electric current to pass through for F salient pole, thereby F magnetic pole that is symmetrically distributed of generation, second kind is to have only D salient pole to have the DC excitation electric current to pass through in F salient pole, other (F-D) individual salient poles do not have the DC excitation electric current to pass through, at this moment produce the change pole double speed salient pole synchronous generator-motor of D magnetic pole of substantial symmetry distribution, it is characterized in that, stator winding can obtain three kinds of rotating magnetic fields by being switched on or switched off of control three " three-phase contactors ", it is single F utmost point rotating magnetic field, single D utmost point rotating magnetic field, with the F utmost point that turns to and the Q utmost point (the simultaneous dual rotary of Q＜F) magnetic field, all overlapping two unequal excitation winding that are connected in parallel of the number of turn on each salient pole of rotor, said two windings are connected in parallel a little around pole core and another direction that detours that is connected in parallel a little that arrives is identical from one, these features can directly add full voltage starting when making unit do the motor operation, need not to utilize the damping cage or other additional converter plants and the starting of other the whole bag of tricks that are loaded on the rotating pole-piece, thereby realized the self-starting of synchronous motor.
2, a kind of change pole double speed salient pole synchronous generator-motor according to the described manufacturing of claim 1 is characterized in that stator winding has only six roots of sensation outlet, connects two switches, can obtain the F utmost point or two kinds of rotating magnetic fields of the D utmost point by controlling two switches.
3, a kind of according to claim 1 and 2 change pole double speed synchronous generator-motor of making, it is characterized in that rotor changes hidden pole type into, the magnet exciting coil of F non-salient pole is embedded in along in the several trough of rotor circumference distribution, and the excitation winding of each magnetic pole all is made of two two sub-windings that the number of turn is unequal, the direction that detours is identical, link together in parallel.
4, a kind of according to claim 1,2 and 3 change pole double speed synchronous generator-motor of making, it is characterized in that stator adopts double winding, wherein a cover winding is in order to producing the rotating magnetic field of F the utmost point, and another set of winding is in order to D the utmost point of generation or turn to the identical D utmost point and the Q utmost point (two rotating magnetic fields of Q＜D).
5, a kind of according to claim 1,2 and 3 change pole double speed synchronous generator-motor of making, it is characterized in that stator adopts simplex winding, only, realize obtaining two kinds of the F utmost point, the D utmost points by control switch with a cover winding, or the F utmost point, the D utmost point, the D utmost point and three kinds of rotating magnetic fields of the Q utmost point.
6, a kind of according to claim 1,2 and 3 change pole double speed synchronous generator-motor of making, it is characterized in that stator adopts simplex winding, being connected into 3Y/3Y connects, previous 3Y produces F utmost point rotating magnetic field, the 3Y in back produces D utmost point rotating magnetic field, break at a back 3Y and then to produce the D utmost point and the Q utmost point simultaneously when thereby three branch roads become delta connection, and the dual rotary magnetic field of Q＜D.
7, a kind of according to claim 1,2,4,5,6 change pole double speed salient pole synchronous generator-motor of making, it is characterized in that an epitrochanterian F salient pole is not regular utmost point shape, or not even distribution, and adopt the big or small utmost point, crooked pole shoe, do not wait the informal structure of field ampere-turns etc., move into rotor field waveform so as to improvement as motor, weaken space harmonics magnetic field.
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| CN 93105501 CN1094867A (en) | 1993-05-07 | 1993-05-07 | Capable of self-starting double speed synchronous generator-motor |
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| CN 93105501 CN1094867A (en) | 1993-05-07 | 1993-05-07 | Capable of self-starting double speed synchronous generator-motor |
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| CN (1) | CN1094867A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101707426B (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-09-28 | 山西汾西重工有限责任公司 | AC rotor generator used by reversible running boat |
| CN107179504A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-09-19 | 国家电网公司 | Rotation direction detection means, method and the system of a kind of pump-storage generator |
| CN108306471A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-07-20 | 崔金益 | A kind of threephase asynchronous machine winding construction |
| CN108667182A (en) * | 2018-05-20 | 2018-10-16 | 大连碧蓝节能环保科技有限公司 | Three layers of winding motor stator pole-changing windings method |
-
1993
- 1993-05-07 CN CN 93105501 patent/CN1094867A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101707426B (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-09-28 | 山西汾西重工有限责任公司 | AC rotor generator used by reversible running boat |
| CN107179504A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-09-19 | 国家电网公司 | Rotation direction detection means, method and the system of a kind of pump-storage generator |
| CN107179504B (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2023-11-03 | 国家电网公司 | Rotation direction detection device, method and system of pumped storage unit |
| CN108306471A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-07-20 | 崔金益 | A kind of threephase asynchronous machine winding construction |
| CN108667182A (en) * | 2018-05-20 | 2018-10-16 | 大连碧蓝节能环保科技有限公司 | Three layers of winding motor stator pole-changing windings method |
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