CN102545412A - High-efficiency and large-torque disk type switching magnetoresistive motor - Google Patents
High-efficiency and large-torque disk type switching magnetoresistive motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102545412A CN102545412A CN2011104250110A CN201110425011A CN102545412A CN 102545412 A CN102545412 A CN 102545412A CN 2011104250110 A CN2011104250110 A CN 2011104250110A CN 201110425011 A CN201110425011 A CN 201110425011A CN 102545412 A CN102545412 A CN 102545412A
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency and large-torque disk type switching magnetoresistive motor. The motor comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein both the stator and the rotor are in the shape of a yoke type round disk and comprise round disks and iron cores formed on the round disks; an integrated stator winding is wound on the iron core of the stator; and narrow magnetism isolating grooves which are arranged at intervals are radially formed in the iron core of the stator. The motor is simple in structure, high in efficiency and flexible in control method, can realize high-efficiency stepless speed regulation, and is very applicable to the application occasion requiring a short shaft, thin mounting, or low speed and large torque.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to machine field, relate to switched reluctance machines, particularly a kind of high efficiency, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines.
Background technology
Switched reluctance machines is called for short SR (Switched Reluctance; Switching magnetic-resistance) motor or SRM (Switched Reluctance Motor; Switched reluctance machines), document record the earliest can be traced back to 1838.Scotland scholar Davidson had made one in order to advance the drive system of battery locomotive at that time, because employing at that time is mechanical switch, its operation characteristic, reliability and energy converting between mechanical rate all are very low, are difficult to cause people's attention.1920's, Britain scholar C.L.Walker invention also obtains the patent of stepping motor, first tool many characteristics of modern VR stepping motor and switched reluctance machines.After the sixties, abroad begin the SR motor is carried out deep research and demonstration.About the seventies, Britain's leeds university stepping motor and reluctance motor group have initiated the blank of a modern switched reluctance machines, and have carried out experimental study, have delivered many papers.Professor Harris had done detailed comparison with SR motor and asynchronous motor in 1989, and conclusion shows, the SR motor all is winners at efficient, unit volume aspect such as exert oneself.Since 1984, the many units of China successively launched the research work of SR motor, and the application and the theoretical research of attending China SRD on the basis of using for reference external experience have obtained bigger progress.Because premium properties such as it is simple in structure, efficient is high, speed-regulating range width, flexible, the efficient stepless speed regulation of control method, system reliability height receive the concern of electric drive circle over past ten years.But as a kind of novel governing system; Because research history is shorter; And its technology relates to numerous ambits such as Electrical Motor, microelectronics, power electronics, control theory, and therefore complicated in addition nonlinear characteristic causes the research difficulty; Also all not mature enough perfect at aspects such as electric machine theory, performance evaluation and designs, still need a large amount of work.
The SR motor is made up of the rotor of stator that excitation winding is housed and no winding, is generally the biconvex electrode structure, and its stator and rotor are overrided to form by the ordinary silicon steel disc.Both do not had winding on the rotor and also do not had permanent magnet, stator tooth is wound with concentrated winding on extremely, two radially relative windings can serial or parallel connection together, constitute " phase ".The SR motor can be designed to the structure of single-phase, two-phase, three-phase, the four equal different numbers of phases, and the number of poles of stator and rotor has multiple different collocation.But single-phase SR motor does not have the self-starting ability, though conventional two phase SR motor within the specific limits can self-starting, yet has bigger starting " dead band ".When the number of phases increases,, can cause shortcomings such as complex structure, main switching device are many, cost up though help reducing torque ripple.Therefore at present using more is three-phase 6/4 electrode structure and four 8/6 electrode structures mutually.
Conventional threephase switch magnetic resistance 6/4 electrode structure motor is shown in accompanying drawing 1, and three phase electric machine is the conventional structure SR motor that possesses the minimum number of phases of both forward and reverse directions self-startup ability.Except common 6/4 electrode structure, also have three-phase 6/2 utmost point, 6/8 utmost point, 12/8 utmost point structures such as (shown in accompanying drawings 2).Three-phase 12/8 utmost point motor is actually a kind of double 6/4 utmost point motor.In the accompanying drawing 2, heavy line is the main flux path, compares with the two poles of the earth excitation situation, and the magnetic field of this 4 utmost points is short magnetic circuit structural.
Conventional four phases, 8/6 pole switching reluctance structural electromotor is shown in accompanying drawing 3, and revolution has 24 step pitches, and step angle is 15 °.In addition, also has four phases, 8/10 utmost point SR motor.But 8/10 electrode structure motor inductance rate is extremely lower than 8/6, and energy conversion rate is not high, little usually the employing.Compare with three phase electric machine, the startability of four phase motors is far better, and torque ripple is little, but the Electric Machine Control cost increases to some extent.
Adopt the switched reluctance machines of five phases or more heterogeneous number generally all to adopt short-circuit structure; Can obtain more level and smooth electromagnetic torque like this, reduce torque ripple, thereby obtain stable operate in open loop state state; But shortcoming is also fairly obvious, and control cost and the complexity of motor improve greatly.
Mostly the switched reluctance machines of conventional structure is pole structure, and its working method is the radial magnetic field working method, and the volume of radial magnetic field working method motor is subject to the restriction of installing space; Also have tooth root narrow " bottleneck effect " simultaneously, the rotor heat radiation is bad, and iron core utilization is not high; Can only reach 70%-75%; This is little to installing space, needs place capacious, and problem is just more outstanding.
Except conventional structure, also have asc switch reluctance motors such as tray type structure (shown in accompanying drawing 4) and orthoscopic.Compare with conventional structure, tray type structure have moment of inertia than high, axial length is short, volume is little and advantage such as in light weight, can obtain with the identical electric property of power radial magnetic field motor, tray type structure is divided into radial magnetic field and axial magnetic field formula structure again.Axial magnetic field switched reluctance machines (shown in accompanying drawing 5), this motor has the performance advantage of the structural advantage and the switched reluctance machines of disc type electric machine concurrently, is fit to very much be applied to the application scenario that requires minor axis, slim installation or low speed, big torque.
Yet traditional switched reluctance machines therefore have intrinsic torque pulsation shortcoming, and torque pulsation is the main cause that causes the switched reluctance machines noise problem owing to adopt biconvex level structure and switch form power supply.Problems such as traditional axial magnetic field dial switch reluctance motor has that torque pulsation is big, vibration and noise height; Simultaneously because the rotor interelectrode magnetic leakage is serious; And then increased winding inductance, make the Current Control corresponding speed slow, particularly during high speed; Winding commutation difficulty makes electric current be difficult to reach desired value.
Summary of the invention
Original intention of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art; The dial switch reluctance motor of a kind of high efficiency, big torque is provided, and it can increase air gap flux density, minimizing rotor interelectrode magnetic leakage, the electromagnetic torque when improving the motor high-speed cruising, noise and vibration when reducing the motor operation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of high efficiency, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines; Comprise through rotating shaft fixing stator and rotor; Said stator and said rotor are yoke formula disk ring-type; Said stator and said rotor all comprise disk and are formed at the iron core on this disk, are wound with centralized stator winding on the iron core of said stator, radially have the narrow groove of separated magnetic at interval in the iron core of said stator.
Further, also can radially have the narrow groove of separated magnetic at interval in the iron core of said rotor.
Further, can also be embedded with metallic plate in the narrow groove of separated magnetic in the said stator core, preferred copper coin; Also can be placed with metallic plate in the narrow groove of separated magnetic in the said rotor core, also preferred copper coin.
Further, in one embodiment, it is wide to cooperating the said noise that reduces motor at a distance from the narrow groove of magnetic that the thickness of the disk of said stator is wanted.
Further, in another embodiment, it is wide to cooperating said noise at a distance from narrow groove of magnetic and said copper coin reduction motor that the thickness of the disk of said stator is wanted.
Further, said high efficiency, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines can adopt 12/8 electrode structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention radially offers the narrow groove of separated magnetic at interval on magnetic pole of the stator, can reduce interelectrode magnetic leakage and winding inductance.On rotor magnetic pole, radially offer the narrow groove of separated magnetic at interval, can reduce the material temperature rise further through the adding of the narrow groove of air-gap at interval; Reduce loss, improve electric efficiency, effectively reduce interelectrode magnetic leakage and winding inductance; Magnetic flux is evenly distributed on stator or rotor; Avoid local saturated, keeping winding inductance is constant with the rate of change of rotor position angle, increases the structural damping of motor; Therefore electromagnetic torque when improving high-speed cruising can reduce the noise and the vibration of torque pulsation, reduction motor.
(2) in the narrow groove of magnetic, placing metallic plate; Especially copper coin; Can reduce interelectrode magnetic leakage and winding inductance, magnetic flux is evenly distributed on stator or rotor, avoid local saturated; Thereby can keep winding inductance is constant with the rate of change of rotor position angle, reduces the noise and the vibration of torque pulsation, reduction motor with this; In addition, because the conductivity of copper greater than the conductivity of ferromagnetic material, therefore adds copper coin in the narrow groove that motor leaves; Not only can reduce leakage field, and make the resistance of stator reduce, resistivity reduces greatly; The loss of electric machine reduces, and the energy that is converted into heat energy reduces, and temperature rise is less; Motor operation torque improves, and electric efficiency improves.
(3) electromagnetic noise is the chief component of switched reluctance machines noise, and radially the harmonic frequency of magnetic attraction and stator natural frequency one regularly will produce severe noise and vibration.And the radially magnetic attraction in motor windings when energising is the Reeb of a pulsation, and minimum when tooth slot position is relative, tooth is maximum to the tooth position, makes the stator of shell structure inevitably form compression, extensional vibration, vibrates and outwards sends noise through casing.The present invention is set to certain thickness through the stator disk of dial switch reluctance motor, and it can be increased the structural damping of motor, thereby reduce noise and vibration effectively through cooperating at a distance from the narrow groove of magnetic, further complexed metal copper coin again.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of existing a kind of three-phase 6/4 pole switching reluctance motor.
Accompanying drawing 2 is structural representations of existing a kind of three-phase 12/8 pole switching reluctance motor.
Accompanying drawing 3 is structural representations of existing a kind of four phases, 8/6 pole switching reluctance motor.
Accompanying drawing 4 is structural representations of existing a kind of dial switch reluctance motor.
Accompanying drawing 5 is structural representations of existing a kind of axial magnetic field dial switch reluctance motor.
Accompanying drawing 6 is structural representations of high efficiency of the present invention, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines.
Accompanying drawing 7 is perspective view of the stator of high efficiency of the present invention, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines.
Accompanying drawing 8 is front elevational schematic of the stator of high efficiency of the present invention, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines.
The Reference numeral that relates among the figure is as follows:
10. stator 11. stator disks
12. stator winding 13. stator tooth iron cores
14. at a distance from narrow groove 20. rotors of magnetic
21. rotating shaft 22. rotor tooth iron cores
23. rotor discs.
Embodiment
Following the present invention is example with 12/8 pole axis to magnetic field dial switch reluctance motor, provides a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to accompanying drawing 6; A kind of high efficiency, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines; Comprise the stator 10 and rotor 20 fixed through rotating shaft 21, promptly the internal structure of motor is the structure that same steel axle is provided with single stator and single rotor, and said stator 10 is yoke formula disk ring-type with said rotor 20; All comprise disk and be formed at the iron core on this disk; That is to say that said stator 10 comprises stator disk 11 and is formed at the stator tooth iron core 13 on this disk 11, said rotor 20 comprises rotor discs 23 and is formed at the rotor tooth iron core 13 on this rotor discs 22.Be wound with stator winding 12 on the iron core 13 of said stator 20.Can radially have the narrow groove 14 of separated magnetic at interval in the iron core 13 of said stator 10 simultaneously referring to accompanying drawing 7 and accompanying drawing 8.
During practical implementation, stator 10 and rotor 20 can all be to dress up one by the disk and the square shaped teeth iron core group of ring-type yoke formula, and wherein ring-type yoke formula disk can be dashed on automatic Punching and rolling machine by banded silicon steel sheet and roll into, or builds up with the sheet permeability magnetic material of punch forming.The square shaped teeth iron core can be wound into strip material, or builds up with the flaky material of punching out processing.Stator 10 can be adhered to several square iron cores 13 on card by stator disk 11 to be formed, and also can directly be processed into an integral body, on square iron core 13, constitutes excitation pole around stator winding 12 then.The shape of the lamination of rotor 20 is the same with the rotor shapes of general switched reluctance machines.
Can continue referring to accompanying drawing 6, the square shaped teeth iron core 13 that installs of 12 equal equidistance can be arranged on the disk plane of said stator 10, the square shaped teeth iron core 22 that installs of 8 equal equidistance can be arranged on the plane of said rotor 20.Referring to accompanying drawing 7, stator winding 12 can be the skeleton coiling with square stator tooth iron core 13, but utilize stator tooth iron core 13 branches such as grade to form the stator slot of embedding winding for concentrating winding, solved the difficulty of slot type setting-in excitation winding in the past.
Rotor of the present invention is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, and no permanent magnet can work in high rotating speed; Stator coil embeds easily for concentrating winding, and the end is short and firmly, and reliable operation can be applicable to various abominable, high temperature even strong vibration environment.
Further, can be referring to accompanying drawing 8, radially have the narrow groove 14 of separated magnetic at interval on the magnetic pole that the stator 10 of salient pole iron core of the present invention is formed by iron core 13, this 14 can place metallic plate in the narrow groove of magnetic, preferably copper coin.The narrow groove of separated magnetic at interval can reduce interelectrode magnetic leakage and winding inductance, and embedding of bond copper coin can improve conductivity of electrolyte materials, reduces temperature rise; Reduce the loss of motor, leakage field is had inhibition, magnetic flux is evenly distributed on stator or rotor; Avoid local saturated; Can keep winding inductance is constant with the rate of change of rotor position angle, improves electric efficiency, and the structural damping that can increase motor; Therefore electromagnetic torque when improving high-speed cruising can reduce the noise and the vibration of torque pulsation, reduction motor.Said rotor 20 also can adopt this structure simultaneously.Further; In one embodiment; The narrow groove of separated magnetic that the thickness of the disk of said stator can be wide all has on the narrow groove of separated magnetic or the stator core and the rotor core that can cooperate on the stator core; Reduce the noise of motor, if these are at a distance from the interior metallic plate in addition of the narrow groove of magnetic, it is wide to cooperating said noise at a distance from narrow groove of magnetic and said copper coin reduction motor that the thickness of the disk of said stator is wanted.
Continuation is referring to accompanying drawing 6, and the present invention follows the magnetic resistance minimum principle and carries out work, and promptly magnetic flux is always closed along the minimum path of magnetic resistance.When stator 10 certain phase winding energising; Because the quantity of stator core 13 and rotor core 23 does not wait; Therefore can produce radially magnetic circuit and the tangential magnetic circuit that does not wait, the magnetic field that is produced attempts to make close rotor pole to rotate to the position of its axis and this stator poles axial alignment owing to magnetic line of force distortion produces the tangential magnetic pull; It is the magnetic resistance minimum position; Form the state that rotor 20 and stator 10 are chased mutually, this state of chasing mutually and the magnetic circuit that does not wait have formed the salient pole torque, rotate thereby promote rotor 20.Further, the present invention is owing to adopt axial excitation, and its magnetic circuit has particularity.Magnetic field forms the loop between two stator cores and rotor disk, the direction of motion of magnetic flux plane and rotor is perpendicular, comprises 2 air gaps in the flux circuit.When rotor pole is in excitation pole non-alignment position, the tangential distortion will take place in flux circuit on the air gap section, can produce the tangential magnetic pull between the rotor, thereby form effective electromagnetic torque of machine operation.
Except that above-mentioned embodiment, this motor can also be designed to single stator, dual-rotor structure, or is two stators, single rotor structure, or be a plurality of rotors such as double-stator and double-rotor, or the multistage disjunctor motor of a plurality of stator composition.Also can as required design of electrical motor be become single-phase, two-phase, three-phase 6/4 utmost point, 12/8 utmost point, four phases, 8/2 utmost point, 8/6 utmost point, 12/8 utmost point etc. with this motor according to different circuits control technology control different stage, make rotor obtain different torque and rotating speed.
Detent torque of the present invention is big, and low-speed performance is good, and torque ripple is little, and inherited the advantage of regular tap reluctance motor: rotor does not have permanent magnet, can allow higher temperature rise, and reliable operation can be applicable to various abominable, high temperature even strong vibration environment.Loss mainly is created in stator, and motor is easy to cooling; Electric machine speed regulation wide ranges, control are easy to realize the torque-speed characteristics of various specific (special) requirements flexibly, have higher power; The ability four quadrant running has stronger regenerative braking ability.
The present invention through improving the structure of rotor, has proposed a kind of high efficiency, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines on the basis of existing dial switch reluctance motor; It can reduce interelectrode magnetic leakage and winding inductance; Electromagnetic torque when improving high-speed cruising reduces the loss of electric machine, improves electric efficiency; Increase the structural damping of motor, reduce noise and vibration.Specifically, the present invention is through adding on the stator and rotor magnetic pole of dial switch reluctance motor at a distance from the narrow groove of magnetic and metallic plate, especially copper coin; Reduce the material temperature rise, reduce loss, improve electric efficiency; Effectively reduced interelectrode magnetic leakage and winding inductance, magnetic flux is evenly distributed on stator or rotor, avoided local saturated; Can keep winding inductance is constant with the rate of change of rotor position angle; Increased the structural damping of motor, therefore the electromagnetic torque when improving high-speed cruising can reduce the noise and the vibration of torque pulsation, reduction motor.Further adopt the tray type structure of axial excitation, can make motor have minor axis, slim external physical characteristic and higher moment of inertia ratio, the application scenario that is fit to very much low speed, big torque or requires minor axis to install.
The present invention is the dial switch reluctance motor, has had the performance advantage of the structural advantage and the switched reluctance machines of disc type electric machine concurrently.Have moment of inertia than high, axial length is short, volume is little and advantage such as in light weight, can obtain with the identical electric property of power radial magnetic field motor.And it is simple in structure, efficient is high, control method is flexible, can realize efficient stepless time adjustment, is fit to very much be applied to the application scenario that requires minor axis, slim installation or low speed, big torque.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention, should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, can also make some changes, improvement or retouching and also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a high efficiency, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines; Comprise through rotating shaft fixing stator and rotor; Said stator and said rotor are yoke formula disk ring-type; Said stator and said rotor all comprise disk and are formed at the iron core on this disk, are wound with centralized stator winding on the iron core of said stator, it is characterized in that: radially have the narrow groove of separated magnetic at interval in the iron core of said stator.
2. high efficiency according to claim 1, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines is characterized in that, also radially have the narrow groove of separated magnetic at interval in the iron core of said rotor.
3. high efficiency according to claim 1 and 2, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines is characterized in that, the said separated narrow groove of magnetic is embedded with metallic plate.
4. high efficiency according to claim 3, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines is characterized in that said metallic plate is a copper coin.
5. high efficiency according to claim 1, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines is characterized in that, it is wide to cooperating the said noise that reduces motor at a distance from the narrow groove of magnetic that the thickness of the disk of said stator is wanted.
6. high efficiency according to claim 3, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines is characterized in that, it is wide to cooperating said noise at a distance from narrow groove of magnetic and said metallic plate reduction motor that the thickness of the disk of said stator is wanted.
7. high efficiency according to claim 1, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines is characterized in that, said high efficiency, big torque disc type switched reluctance machines adopt 12/8 electrode structure.
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| CN103078420A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-05-01 | 济宁小松电气科技有限公司 | Shaft radial field tapered switch reluctance disc type electric machine |
| CN103208881A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2013-07-17 | 浙江富迅科技有限公司 | Axial switch reluctance gearless traction machine |
| CN104319913A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-01-28 | 华中科技大学 | Stator and rotor mechanism of axial magnetic flow switch reluctance motor |
| CN105790501A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-07-20 | 山东理工大学 | Permanent magnet generator with heater |
| CN106998105A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-01 | 朱灏珩 | New Type of Reluctance Machines |
| CN107317447A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2017-11-03 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of reluctance motor of novel transverse magnetic flux structure |
| CN107846123A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-27 | 史立伟 | The reluctance motor of exhaust gas turbine driving |
| CN111148481A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-05-12 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Adjustable vibration absorber for personal care appliance |
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| CN103208881A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2013-07-17 | 浙江富迅科技有限公司 | Axial switch reluctance gearless traction machine |
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| CN105790501A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-07-20 | 山东理工大学 | Permanent magnet generator with heater |
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| CN107317447A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2017-11-03 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of reluctance motor of novel transverse magnetic flux structure |
| CN106998105A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-01 | 朱灏珩 | New Type of Reluctance Machines |
| CN111148481A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-05-12 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Adjustable vibration absorber for personal care appliance |
| US11454294B2 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2022-09-27 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Adjustable vibration absorber for a personal care device |
| CN111148481B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2022-11-18 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Adjustable vibration absorber for personal care appliance |
| CN107846123A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-27 | 史立伟 | The reluctance motor of exhaust gas turbine driving |
| CN107846123B (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-12-06 | 南京秦淮紫云创益企业服务有限公司 | Exhaust turbine driven reluctance machine |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |