CN109484432B - Derailing detection device triggered by fusion of electronic and mechanical sensors - Google Patents
Derailing detection device triggered by fusion of electronic and mechanical sensors Download PDFInfo
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- CN109484432B CN109484432B CN201811573676.4A CN201811573676A CN109484432B CN 109484432 B CN109484432 B CN 109484432B CN 201811573676 A CN201811573676 A CN 201811573676A CN 109484432 B CN109484432 B CN 109484432B
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F9/00—Rail vehicles characterised by means for preventing derailing, e.g. by use of guide wheels
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Abstract
The invention relates to a safety protection device of a railway vehicle, in particular to an derailment detection device triggered by fusion of an electronic sensor and a mechanical sensor; the derailment detection device triggered by the fusion of the electronic sensor and the mechanical sensor comprises a pressure stabilizing valve, a derailment detector and a derailment analysis unit, wherein the pressure stabilizing valve, the derailment detector and the derailment analysis unit are installed on a connecting plate, the connecting plate is installed at the bottom of a vehicle, and the derailment detector is connected with an air supply pipe of the vehicle through the pressure stabilizing valve. The invention provides a novel derailment detection device triggered by the fusion of an electronic sensor and a mechanical sensor, which has the advantages that the mechanical sensor and the electronic sensor are triggered by the fusion, the operation is stable, the reliability is high, derailment signals are transmitted to a cab, a driver performs emergency braking, the original braking system of a train is fully utilized, and the requirement on additional space is low; the device has better stability and closure, simple structure, convenient and fast assembly and low price, and can quickly and accurately judge whether the train vehicle derails.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a safety protection device of a railway vehicle, in particular to an derailment detection device triggered by fusion of an electronic sensor and a mechanical sensor.
Background
Since the speed of a railway is increased in China, the safe operation of a train is very important. Due to the influence of a plurality of factors such as external environment change, poor vehicle or line state, vehicle unbalance loading, train marshalling or improper locomotive operation and the like, derailment becomes one of the main dangerous sources of railway transportation safety, and the proportion of the derailment in major accidents is up to 70 percent; and if the workers do not find the derailment in time, the train continues to run, so that more vehicles are sequentially derailed or overturned, the accident is enlarged, the vehicles, goods, sleepers, roadbeds and roadside equipment are seriously damaged, even the train collides with an adjacent train, the transportation is interrupted if the accident is serious, the vehicles are damaged and people are killed if the accident is serious, the economic loss is huge, and the social influence is severe.
The rescue and recovery work after the train derails is the first important task, the scene is relatively disordered, and the real reason of the accident is difficult to be comprehensively and systematically analyzed. In the aspect of derailment prediction research at home and abroad, due to the influences of factors such as inaccurate prediction models, inaccurate control of test parameters, difficulty in realizing extreme working condition tests and the like, a judgment algorithm and a criterion cannot accurately reflect derailment tendency, the false alarm rate is high, and the practicability is low.
Therefore, the derailment detection device is additionally arranged on the train, and emergency braking is carried out immediately after derailment occurs by detecting abnormal dynamic state and symptoms in the running process, so that the method is a suitable method for preventing secondary damage.
At present, several derailment detection devices are developed at home and abroad, and play a certain role in reducing the derailment loss and the interference of derailment accidents to railway transportation. However, with the change of the vehicle type and the running condition, the method has some defects:
1. it is expensive. The existing derailment protection device for railway transportation in China has high manufacturing cost, the manufacturing cost of each vehicle of the existing purely mechanical derailment protection device is about 8 ten thousand yuan, and the common freight vehicle is not additionally installed in consideration of price factors. The derailment detection apparatus developed abroad requires many sensors with high price and high accuracy, and is not realistic from the viewpoint of cost. Therefore, in the debugging or test running process of a newly built railway, due to the fact that the line condition is not ideal, derailment accidents happen occasionally, a construction party cannot modify the train, the safe running condition of the train is generally monitored at the tail of the train through manual visual observation, and the reliability and the real-time performance are poor.
2. The structure is complicated, the machining precision is high, and the assembly difficulty is big. For example, a derailment detector developed by a foreign company has 4 pairs of valve seats and working chambers which are matched with each other, the mounting precision between the valve seats and the working chambers is very high, and the derailment detector has strict requirements on the dimensional precision, the flatness and the form and position precision, and is very difficult to process and assemble.
3. There is a lag in response time. In the designed derailment detection device, the mass blocks for detecting the vibration acceleration are all positioned below the valve seat; when actual derailment occurs, the working chamber always sinks firstly, and a derailment signal is not sent until the vehicle body is grounded, so that the system reaction is delayed, and the emergency braking and the repair time are delayed.
4. The reliability is not high, and misoperation is easy to occur. For a purely mechanical derailment protection device, faults such as branch pipe leakage, pull ring deformation, loss, damage and the like frequently occur, so that the derailment brake device fails, and hidden dangers are buried for driving safety. In addition, factors such as short-time suspension running of a vehicle, small-amplitude unevenness and disturbance on the surface of a steel rail and the like can cause the electronic derailment detection device to generate false alarm, and the safety and the comfort of train running are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a novel derailment detection device triggered by the fusion of an electronic sensor and a mechanical sensor, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly and low price, and can quickly and accurately judge whether a train vehicle derails.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a derailment detection device triggered by fusion of an electronic sensor and a mechanical sensor, which comprises a pressure stabilizing valve, a derailment detector and a derailment analysis unit, wherein the pressure stabilizing valve, the derailment detector and the derailment analysis unit are arranged on a connecting plate, the connecting plate is arranged at the bottom of a vehicle, the derailment detector is connected with an air supply pipe of the vehicle through the pressure stabilizing valve, the derailment detector is connected with the derailment analysis unit through a travel switch signal line and an acceleration signal line, and the derailment analysis unit is connected with a driver cab through an emergency braking signal line.
The derailment detector comprises a base, a shell arranged on the base, a self-resetting travel switch arranged in the shell, a trigger reed, a pre-tightening spring, a mass block, a positioning gas column and a sealing gasket, wherein the positioning gas column and the sealing gasket are arranged in the base; be equipped with on the base with the inside recess of intercommunication of casing and with the working chamber of recess intercommunication, the upper portion of quality piece is located in the casing, and the lower part is located in the recess, and with recess sliding connection, the quality piece is located the length of part in the casing is greater than the length of recess, the bottom of working chamber is through inlet channel connection surge damping valve, the location gas post is arranged in the quality piece below is just located the working chamber with inlet channel's junction, sealed pad is located the location gas post with just fix between the quality piece the bottom of quality piece.
In a further improvement, two self-resetting travel switches are arranged and are symmetrically positioned on two sides of the trigger reed, and two travel switch signal lines are arranged and are respectively connected with the two self-resetting travel switches; and two pre-tightening springs are arranged and are respectively arranged on two sides of the trigger reed, and the two pre-tightening springs are both positioned between the two self-resetting travel switches.
In a further improvement, the derailment detector further comprises an exhaust passage and a throttling air cushion, wherein one end of the exhaust passage is communicated with the working cavity, the other end of the exhaust passage is communicated with the inside of the shell, and the throttling air cushion is arranged at an outlet of the exhaust passage.
In a further improvement, an acceleration sensor is arranged on the side wall of the base and connected with the acceleration signal line.
In a further improvement, the fixing assembly comprises an adjusting bolt and a locking nut, the adjusting bolt penetrates through the top of the shell and is connected to the middle position of the trigger reed, and the locking nut is arranged outside the shell and screwed on the adjusting bolt.
Further improvement, exhaust port department is equipped with the outlet valve, the outlet valve includes the push rod and the pin of vertical setting and locates valve rod between push rod and the pin, exhaust port department is provided with two disk seats relatively from top to bottom, two distance between the disk seat is greater than the pole footpath of valve rod is less than the push rod with the height of pin, the push rod is located in the casing, the pin is located outside the casing, just push rod and two all be equipped with the spring between the disk seat, two the one end of spring all with the push rod is connected, and the other end respectively with two the disk seat is connected, and two parallel arrangement between the spring.
In a further improvement, the top of the shell is provided with an upper cover fixedly connected with the shell, the self-resetting travel switch is arranged on the bottom end face of the upper cover, and the adjusting bolt penetrates through the upper cover to be connected with the trigger reed.
In a further refinement, the derailment analysis unit comprises:
the signal receiving unit is used for receiving a trigger signal sent by the self-reset travel switch and a vertical vibration signal sent by the acceleration sensor;
the signal judgment module is used for judging whether a trigger signal sent by the self-reset travel switch is received or not, and if so, sending an instruction to the signal identification module;
the signal identification module is used for identifying the received vertical vibration signal, respectively calculating the mean value, the pulsation value and the action time of vibration, and drawing a reaction spectrum of the vibration;
the signal processing module is used for respectively comparing the average value, the pulsation value and the acting time of the vibration with corresponding threshold values and judging whether the average value, the pulsation value and the acting time are all larger than the threshold values, if so, an instruction is sent to the signal management module;
and the signal management module is used for calculating the vibration effect of the vehicle according to the response spectrum, judging whether the calculation result is greater than a threshold value or not, and if so, sending a derailment signal to the cab through the emergency braking signal line.
In a further improvement, the signal management module calculates the vibration effect P of the vehicle according to the following formula:
P＝αW
wherein alpha is a vibration influence coefficient,
w is the weight where the vehicle is provided with the web.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a novel derailment detection device triggered by the fusion of an electronic sensor and a mechanical sensor, which has the advantages that the mechanical sensor and the electronic sensor are triggered by the fusion, the operation is stable, the reliability is high, derailment signals are transmitted to a cab, a driver performs emergency braking, the original braking system of a train is fully utilized, and the requirement on additional space is low; the device has better stability and closure, simple structure, convenient and fast assembly and low price, and can quickly and accurately judge whether the train vehicle derails.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the junction of the derailment detection apparatus triggered by the fusion of the electronic and mechanical sensors in example 1
A schematic diagram;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the derailment detector of embodiment 2;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the derailment detector of embodiment 3;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the derailment detector of embodiment 4;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the derailment detector of embodiment 5;
FIG. 6 is a cross-section of the derailment detector of embodiment 6;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the derailment detector of embodiment 7;
fig. 8 is a block diagram showing the structure of a derailment analysis unit according to embodiment 8.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a derailment detection device triggered by fusion of an electronic sensor and a mechanical sensor, which comprises a pressure stabilizing valve 2, a derailment detector 3 and a derailment analysis unit 4, wherein the pressure stabilizing valve 2, the derailment detector 3 and the derailment analysis unit 4 are installed on a connecting plate 1, the connecting plate 1 is installed at the bottom of a vehicle, the derailment detector 3 is connected with an air supply pipe 5 of the vehicle through the pressure stabilizing valve 2, the derailment detector 3 and the derailment analysis unit 4 are connected through a travel switch signal line 6 and an acceleration signal line 7, and the derailment analysis unit 4 is connected with a cab through an emergency braking signal line 8. In the embodiment, the whole device adopts a closed structure and is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the carriage.
The invention provides a novel derailment detection device triggered by the fusion of an electronic sensor and a mechanical sensor, which has the advantages that the mechanical sensor and the electronic sensor are triggered by the fusion, the operation is stable, the reliability is high, derailment signals are transmitted to a cab, a driver performs emergency braking, the original braking system of a train is fully utilized, and the requirement on additional space is low; the device has better stability and closure, simple structure, convenient and fast assembly and low price, and can quickly and accurately judge whether the train vehicle derails.
Example 2
An electronic and mechanical sensor fused triggered derailment detection device is shown in fig. 2, which is different from the embodiment 1: the derailment detector 3 comprises a base 301, a shell 302 arranged on the base 301, a self-resetting travel switch 303 arranged in the shell 302, a trigger reed 304, a pre-tightening spring 305, a mass block 306, a positioning gas column 307 and a sealing gasket 308 arranged in the base 301, wherein an exhaust port 309 is arranged on the side wall of the shell 302, the self-resetting travel switch 303 is arranged at the top in the shell 302, the trigger reed 304 is fixed on the shell 302 through a fixing component, one end of the pre-tightening spring 305 is connected with the mass block 306, and the other end of the pre-tightening spring 305 is connected with the trigger reed 304; the base 301 is provided with a groove 310 communicated with the interior of the shell 302 and a working cavity 311 communicated with the groove 310, the upper part of the mass block 306 is arranged in the shell 302, the lower part of the mass block is arranged in the groove 310 and is in sliding connection with the groove 310, the length of the part of the mass block 306 arranged in the shell 302 is greater than that of the groove 310, the bottom of the working cavity 311 is connected with the pressure stabilizing valve 2 through an air inlet channel 312, the positioning air column 307 is arranged below the mass block 306 and is arranged at the joint of the working cavity 311 and the air inlet channel 312, and the sealing gasket 308 is arranged between the positioning air column 307 and the mass block 306 and is fixed at the bottom of the mass block 306.
In this embodiment, two self-resetting travel switches 303 are provided, and are symmetrically located on two sides of the trigger reed 304, and two travel switch signal lines 6 are provided and are respectively connected with the two self-resetting travel switches 303; and two pre-tightening springs 305 are respectively arranged on two sides of the trigger reed 304, and the two pre-tightening springs 305 are both positioned between the two self-resetting travel switches 303. In the embodiment, two self-reset travel switches are arranged to reduce the influence of the installation rear direction error and the position error of the trigger reed and the pre-tightening spring and improve the reliability of derailment detection; the trigger signal of the self-reset travel switch is related to the amplitude and action time of downward acceleration motion of the vehicle, and the derailing signal is sent out only when the set target value is reached, so that false alarm is avoided.
The whole mechanical device of the derailment detector in the embodiment is only provided with 1 working cavity and 1 pair of matching surfaces, has simple structure and easy assembly, can adjust the sensitivity of signals according to vehicle types and running states, and has strong adaptability and low cost; the mass block for detecting the gravity acceleration is positioned above the working cavity, and the pressure stabilizing valve can immediately input high-pressure air into the working cavity after derailment occurs, so that a derailment signal is sent out, the response is rapid, and secondary damage is reduced; the whole device adopts a closed structure, has long service life, and avoids the influence of deformation and loss of parts on the working performance.
The working principle is as follows:
when the vehicle derails, the carriage will sink violently, and other components except the mass block will sink rapidly along with the carriage; the mass block instantaneously keeps the original position under the action of inertia force, the mass block and the positioning air column are separated, and high-pressure air enters the working cavity after passing through the pressure stabilizing valve to push the mass block to move upwards; meanwhile, the relative interval between the trigger reed and the mass block is reduced, and the pre-tightening spring is compressed to push the mass block to move downwards; under the comprehensive action of inertia force, upward thrust of high-pressure air and downward thrust of a pre-tightening spring, the mass block moves upwards relatively to cause the trigger reed to tilt upwards, and when the tilting amplitude reaches a certain degree, the self-resetting travel switch is triggered to send a trigger signal of vehicle derailment to the derailment analysis unit.
Example 3
An electronic and mechanical sensor fused triggered derailment detection device is shown in fig. 3, which is different from the embodiment 2: the derailment detector 3 further comprises an exhaust channel 313 and a throttling air cushion 314, wherein one end of the exhaust channel 313 is communicated with the working cavity 311, the other end of the exhaust channel 313 is communicated with the inside of the shell 302, and the throttling air cushion 314 is arranged at an outlet of the exhaust channel 313.
In this embodiment, when the train is in the operation in-process because the rail is not in the same direction as the production instantaneous vertical acceleration, can lead to appearing short-term separation between quality piece and the location gas column, instantaneous separation does not lift the separation with quality piece large displacement ground, only the lifting of quality piece small displacement leads to micro-air admission working chamber, the throttle air cushion plays the primary role this moment, with high-pressure gas exhaust atmosphere, can not lead to working chamber and high-pressure gas passageway to link up comprehensively, and does not trigger travel switch yet, consequently, can not report to the police.
Example 4
An electronic and mechanical sensor fused triggered derailment detection device is shown in fig. 4, which is different from the embodiment 1: an acceleration sensor 315 is arranged on the side wall of the base 301, and the acceleration sensor 315 is connected with the acceleration signal line 7.
In the embodiment, the acceleration sensor transmits redundant information detected by a mechanical device and an electronic element to the derailment analysis unit, and whether a train derails or not is automatically judged by analyzing the mean value, the pulsation value, the reaction spectrum and the action time of vibration, so that the reliability is improved; the acceleration sensor can select different types of sensitive units such as piezoelectric type, piezoresistive type and capacitive type to detect vibration signals in the vertical direction.
Example 5
An electronic and mechanical sensor fused triggered derailment detection device is shown in fig. 5, which is different from the embodiment 1: the fixing component comprises an adjusting bolt 316 and a locking nut 317, the adjusting bolt 316 penetrates through the top of the shell 302 and is connected to the middle position of the trigger reed 304, and the locking nut 317 is arranged outside the shell 302 and is screwed on the adjusting bolt 316.
The adjusting bolt and the locking nut can adjust the compression amount of the pre-tightening spring in the embodiment, so that the mass block can output different displacements under the same vibration condition, and the mass block is suitable for different types of vehicles and convenient for simulation test and verification.
Example 6
An electronic and mechanical sensor fused triggered derailment detection device is shown in fig. 6, which is different from the embodiment 1: exhaust port 309 department is equipped with the outlet valve, the outlet valve includes the push rod 318 and the pin 319 of vertical setting and locates valve rod 320 between push rod 318 and the pin 319, exhaust port 309 department is provided with two valve seats 321, two relatively from top to bottom between the valve seat 321 distance is greater than the pole footpath of valve rod 320, be less than the push rod 318 with the height of pin 319, the push rod 318 is located in the casing 302, the pin 319 is located outside the casing 302, just push rod 318 and two all be equipped with spring 322, two between the valve seat 321 the one end of spring 322 all with the push rod 318 is connected, and the other end respectively with two the valve seat 321 is connected, and two parallel arrangement between the spring 322.
The outlet valve is arranged in the embodiment to avoid that gas in the atmosphere enters the derailment detector from the air outlet so as to influence the detection precision and the service life of the derailment detector; taking fig. 6 as an example, when the exhaust is needed, the high-pressure air pushes the push rod to move rightwards, so as to drive the stop lever to move rightwards, at this time, the stop lever is separated from the valve seat, the high-pressure gas is discharged, and after the high-pressure gas is discharged, the push rod moves leftwards under the pushing of the action force of the spring, so that the stop lever returns to the original position, the stop lever is tightly attached to the valve seat, the exhaust port is sealed, and the external gas is prevented from entering.
Example 7
An electronic and mechanical sensor fused triggered derailment detection device is shown in fig. 7, which is different from the embodiment 1: an upper cover 323 fixedly connected with the housing 302 is arranged at the top of the housing 302, the self-resetting travel switch 303 is arranged on the bottom end surface of the upper cover 323, and the adjusting bolt 316 penetrates through the upper cover 323 to be connected with the trigger reed 304.
The upper cover is arranged in the embodiment, so that the installation and maintenance of parts in the shell and the base are convenient, and the parts in the shell and the base can be overhauled only by opening the upper cover due to the simple arrangement of the parts in the derailing detector; the upper cover and the housing are fixed by bolts or the like.
Example 8
An electronic and mechanical sensor fused triggered derailment detection device is shown in fig. 8, which is different from the embodiment 1: the derailment analysis unit 4 includes:
a signal receiving unit 401, configured to receive a trigger signal sent from the reset travel switch 303 and a vertical vibration signal sent from the acceleration sensor 315;
a signal judgment module 402, configured to judge whether a trigger signal sent from the reset travel switch 303 is received, and if yes, send an instruction to the signal identification module 403;
the signal identification module 403 is configured to identify the received vertical vibration signal, calculate a mean value, a pulsation value, and an action time of the vibration, and draw a response spectrum of the vibration;
the signal processing module 404 is configured to compare the average value, the pulsation value, and the acting time of the vibration with corresponding thresholds, and determine whether all the values are greater than the thresholds, and if yes, send an instruction to the signal management module 405;
and the signal management module 405 is configured to calculate a vibration effect of the vehicle according to the response spectrum, and determine whether a calculation result is greater than a threshold value, if so, send a derailment signal to the cab through the emergency braking signal line 8.
In this embodiment, the signal management module 404 calculates the vibration P of the vehicle according to the following formula:
P＝αW
wherein alpha is a vibration influence coefficient,
w for vehicle where connection plate 1 is provided
And (4) weight.
In the embodiment, the derailment analysis unit performs judgment on whether derailment occurs or not by fusing two signals, firstly judges whether a trigger signal sent by a self-reset travel switch is received or not, if so, judges a vertical vibration signal sent by an acceleration sensor, otherwise, does not send a derailment alarm, then judges the mean value, the pulsation value, the reaction spectrum and the action time of vibration through the vertical vibration signal, sends the derailment signal to a cab to alarm only when the mean value, the pulsation value, the reaction spectrum and the action time reach corresponding threshold values, and compositely judges the acceleration signal and the travel switch signal, so that the judgment accuracy can be improved; when the train has a rail climbing and derailing phenomenon, high-pressure gas is continuously introduced into the working cavity to form pressure and gradually increase, and when the pressure exceeds a certain limit value, the large displacement is triggered to push the mass block, the travel switch is triggered, and the reset travel switch and the acceleration sensor simultaneously send signals to the derailing analysis unit.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The derailment detection device triggered by the fusion of the electronic sensor and the mechanical sensor is characterized by comprising a pressure stabilizing valve (2), a derailment detector (3) and a derailment analysis unit (4), wherein the pressure stabilizing valve (2), the derailment detector (3) and the derailment analysis unit (4) are arranged on a connecting plate (1), the connecting plate (1) is arranged at the bottom of a vehicle, the derailment detector (3) is connected with an air supply pipe (5) of the vehicle through the pressure stabilizing valve (2), the derailment detector (3) and the derailment analysis unit (4) are connected through a travel switch signal line (6) and an acceleration signal line (7), and the derailment analysis unit (4) is connected with a driver cab through an emergency braking signal line (8);
the derailment detector (3) comprises a base (301), a shell (302) arranged on the base (301), a self-resetting travel switch (303) arranged in the shell (302), a trigger reed (304), a pre-tightening spring (305), a mass block (306), a positioning gas column (307) and a sealing gasket (308) arranged in the base (301), wherein an exhaust port (309) is formed in the side wall of the shell (302), the self-resetting travel switch (303) is arranged at the top in the shell (302), the trigger reed (304) is fixed on the shell (302) through a fixing component, one end of the pre-tightening spring (305) is connected with the mass block (306), and the other end of the pre-tightening spring (305) is connected with the trigger reed (304); the gas-liquid separation type gas-liquid separation device is characterized in that a groove (310) communicated with the interior of the shell (302) and a working cavity (311) communicated with the groove (310) are formed in the base (301), the upper portion of the mass block (306) is arranged in the shell (302), the lower portion of the mass block (306) is arranged in the groove (310) and is in sliding connection with the groove (310), the length of the portion, arranged in the shell (302), of the mass block (306) is larger than that of the groove (310), the bottom of the working cavity (311) is connected with the pressure stabilizing valve (2) through a gas inlet channel (312), the positioning gas column (307) is arranged below the mass block (306) and is arranged at the joint of the working cavity (311) and the gas inlet channel (312), and the sealing gasket (308) is arranged between the positioning gas column (307) and the mass block (306) and is fixed to the bottom of the mass block.
2. The derailment detector with the fused triggering of the electronic and mechanical sensor according to claim 1, wherein there are two self-resetting travel switches (303) symmetrically located on both sides of the triggering reed (304), and there are two travel switch signal lines (6) respectively connected to the two self-resetting travel switches (303); and the two pre-tightening springs (305) are respectively arranged on two sides of the trigger reed (304), and the two pre-tightening springs (305) are both positioned between the two self-resetting travel switches (303).
3. The electronic and mechanical sensor fusion triggered derailment detector according to claim 2, wherein the derailment detector (3) further comprises an exhaust channel (313) and a throttle air cushion (314), the exhaust channel (313) has one end communicating with the working chamber (311) and the other end communicating with the inside of the housing (302), and the throttle air cushion (314) is disposed at the outlet of the exhaust channel (313).
4. The device for detecting derailment triggered by fusion of electronic and mechanical sensors according to claim 3, wherein an acceleration sensor (315) is disposed on a side wall of the base (301), and the acceleration sensor (315) is connected to the acceleration signal line (7).
5. The device for detecting derailment triggered by fusion of electronic and mechanical sensors according to claim 4, wherein the fixing member comprises an adjusting bolt (316) and a locking nut (317), the adjusting bolt (316) passes through the top of the housing (302) and is connected to the middle of the trigger spring (304), and the locking nut (317) is disposed outside the housing (302) and screwed on the adjusting bolt (316).
6. The device for detecting derailment triggered by fusion of electronic and mechanical sensors according to claim 5, wherein an outlet valve is disposed at the exhaust port (309), the outlet valve includes a vertically disposed push rod (318) and a stop lever (319), and a valve rod (320) disposed between the push rod (318) and the stop lever (319), two valve seats (321) are disposed at the exhaust port (309) in an up-down opposite manner, a distance between the two valve seats (321) is greater than a rod diameter of the valve rod (320) and less than heights of the push rod (318) and the stop lever (319), the push rod (318) is disposed in the housing (302), the stop lever (319) is disposed outside the housing (302), a spring (322) is disposed between the push rod (318) and the two valve seats (321), and one end of the two springs (322) is connected to the push rod (318), the other end is respectively connected with the two valve seats (321), and the two springs (322) are arranged in parallel.
7. The device for detecting derailment triggered by fusion of electronic and mechanical sensors according to claim 5, wherein the top of the housing (302) is provided with an upper cover (323) fixedly connected with the housing (302), the self-resetting travel switch (303) is arranged on the bottom end surface of the upper cover (323), and the adjusting bolt (316) passes through the upper cover (323) and is connected with the trigger reed (304).
8. The electronic and mechanical sensor fusion triggered derailment detection device according to claim 4, wherein the derailment analysis unit (4) comprises:
the signal receiving unit (401) is used for receiving a trigger signal sent by the self-reset travel switch (303) and a vertical vibration signal sent by the acceleration sensor (315);
the signal judgment module (402) is used for judging whether a trigger signal sent by the self-reset travel switch (303) is received or not, and if yes, sending an instruction to the signal identification module (403);
the signal identification module (403) is used for identifying the received vertical vibration signal, respectively calculating the average value, the pulsation value and the action time of vibration, and drawing a reaction spectrum of the vibration;
the signal processing module (404) is used for respectively comparing the average value, the pulsation value and the acting time of the vibration with corresponding threshold values, judging whether the average value, the pulsation value and the acting time are all larger than the threshold values, and if so, sending an instruction to the signal management module (405);
and the signal management module (405) is used for calculating the vibration action of the vehicle according to the reaction spectrum, judging whether the calculation result is greater than a threshold value, and if so, sending a derailment signal to the cab through the emergency braking signal line (8).
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