CN109482167A - 一种光催化剂喷雾及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光催化剂喷雾及其制备方法，将硫酸氧钛与四乙氧基硅烷的混合溶液在氨水和乙二醇单乙醚的作用下经过沉淀、过滤、水洗、煅烧形成成粉体；将粉体均匀分散在分散液中，并加入成膜剂，制成前驱液；前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封制得光催化剂喷雾。本方法工艺简单，反应时间短，生成的纳米球体的组成均匀，二氧化钛均匀分布在二氧化硅纳米球中，该纳米球不仅能在光照下分解有害物质，还能吸附有害物质，提高了二氧化钛的利用率，本方法制成的光催化喷雾对喷涂方式的要求较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及空气净化领域，特别是一种光催化剂喷雾及其制备方法。
背景技术
光催化剂以二氧化钛为代表，二氧化钛在吸收太阳光或照明光源中的紫外线后，能够发生氧化还原反应，表面形成强氧化性的氢氧自由基和超氧阴离子自由基，将空气中游离的有害物质分解成无害的二氧化碳和水，从而达到净化空气目的。并且光催化剂在常温条件下就可以发生氧化还原反应。室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯等含量超过限定标准就会严重危害人体健康，需要采取有效的室内空气净化措施。现有的光催化剂喷雾一般包括光催化剂和成膜剂，使用时喷在释放有害物质的物体上，比如层压板，清漆表面等。现有的光催化及喷雾存在的问题是，如果业主在装修完成后后才使用光催化剂喷雾，那么游离在空气中的有害物质就难以被捕捉到，这部分有害物质就不能被光催化剂分解。并且，喷撒光催化剂喷雾时，对喷洒方法也有较高要求，喷洒要均匀并且几乎完全覆盖释放有害物质的物体表面，如果喷洒量不够或喷洒不均匀，就会有部分有害物质未被光催化剂喷雾催化就挥发到空气中，之所以对喷洒方法要求高，是因为现有的光催化喷雾不具备捕捉有害物质的能力，只能通过喷涂时候完全覆盖在散播有害物质的物体表面，才能阻挡有害物质挥发并且将有害物质分解。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种光催化剂喷雾及其制备方法，具有能够捕捉有害物质的优点。
本发明解决其技术问题的解决方案是：
一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
s1、取硫酸氧钛1～2克溶于稀硫酸制成溶液5～50毫升；
s2、加入2～5毫升四乙氧基硅烷到步骤s1得到的溶液中，搅拌均匀；
s3、缓慢地将5～20毫升的氨水、20～70毫升乙二醇单乙醚同时加入步骤s2得到的溶液中，保持搅拌；
s4、将步骤s3得到的沉淀物过滤，水洗，煅烧成粉体；
s5、将步骤s4得到的粉体均匀分散在分散液中，得到悬浮液；
s6、在步骤s5得到的悬浮液中加入成膜剂，高速搅拌得到分散均匀的前驱液；
s7、按照填充量为10～80％的比例将步骤s7得到的前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封。
现有技术中常用的光催化剂包括纳米二氧化钛、纳米三氧化钨、纳米氧化锌等粉体，三种纳米粉体都可以采用均匀沉淀法制备，其中纳米二氧化钛的制备条件最温和，纳米三氧化钨需要在强酸中沉淀制得，纳米氧化锌的制备对溶液的PH范围有很高的要求，因为沉淀物氢氧化锌具有两性。为了将光催化剂与硅元素同时沉淀，所以采用沉淀条件接近的纳米二氧化钛作为光催化剂。
用稀硫酸溶解硫酸氧钛可以防止提前析出氢氧化钛，保证硫酸氧钛充分溶解；四乙氧基硅烷溶解于极性溶剂，将硫酸氧钛和四乙氧基硅烷搅拌均匀的目的是使步骤s3制备得到的沉淀中钛元素与硅元素均匀混合，步骤s2中可以采用高速搅拌或适当升温至45度左右，使得步骤s2值得的溶液更加均匀；步骤s3中加入氨水和乙二醇单乙醚，搅拌时，生成相互包裹的混合物晶体；由于乙二醇单乙醚的作用，煅烧后生成的混合物粉体是多孔状的纳米球；可以采用高速沙磨机将步骤s4得到的粉体均匀分散在分散液中。
本方法工艺简单，反应时间短，生成的纳米球体的组成均匀，二氧化钛均匀分布在二氧化硅纳米球中，该纳米球不仅能在光照下分解有害物质，还能吸附有害物质，提高了二氧化钛的利用率，本方法制成的光催化喷雾对喷涂方式的要求较低。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述稀硫酸的PH值为5.5～6.5。用弱酸性的溶液防止氢氧化钛被析出，提高其溶解度，但又不至于消耗太多氨水，以至于后续和氨水反应释放过多热量，引起乙二醇单乙醚挥发。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，加入乙二醇单乙醚的速率是30～70毫升每分钟，乙二醇单乙醚加完后，再继续加氨水5～15秒。缓慢加入避免产生大量热，并且，给予充分的时间来搅拌，使得混合物晶体分散更加均匀。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述分散液为1～5％多聚钛酸胶体与95～99％的去离子水的混合物，或为1～5％多聚钛酸胶体与95～99％的乙醇的混合物。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述成膜剂为纳米二氧化钛溶胶。
一种光催化剂喷雾，由以上任一项的光催化剂喷雾的制备方法制得。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的方法制备的光催化喷雾，主要成分是多孔二氧化硅包裹二氧化钛的纳米球体，光催化分解有害物质的同时还能够吸附有害物质，提高二氧化钛的利用率，降低光催化喷雾的有效喷洒的难度。
具体实施方式
实施例一：
取硫酸氧钛2克、四乙氧基硅烷5毫升，溶于PH值为6的稀硫酸30毫升，搅拌均匀；将15毫升的氨水、50毫升乙二醇单乙醚分别装入两个分液漏斗备用，其中，氨水的PH值为9，同时将两个分液漏斗打开，加入前一步得到的溶液中，保持搅拌，乙二醇单乙醚滴完后，保持搅拌，氨水再继续滴加10秒，剩余的氨水舍去，舍去的氨水为3.3毫升；将上一步得到的沉淀物过滤，水洗，在500摄氏度煅烧5小时制得纳米粉体；按重量份称取5份纳米粉体、2份多聚钛酸胶体与93份去离子水充分混合，得到悬浮液；按重量比称取悬浮液85份、纳米二氧化钛溶胶15份，高速搅拌得到分散均匀的前驱液；按照填充量为70％的比例将前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封。
实施例二：
取硫酸氧钛3克、四乙氧基硅烷5毫升，溶于PH值为6的稀硫酸30毫升，搅拌均匀；将15毫升的氨水、50毫升乙二醇单乙醚分别装入两个分液漏斗备用，其中，氨水的PH值为9，同时将两个分液漏斗打开，加入前一步得到的溶液中，保持搅拌，乙二醇单乙醚滴完后，保持搅拌，氨水再继续滴加10秒，剩余的氨水舍去，舍去的氨水为3.5毫升；将上一步得到的沉淀物过滤，水洗，在500摄氏度煅烧5小时制得纳米粉体；按重量份称取5份纳米粉体、2份多聚钛酸胶体与93份去离子水充分混合，得到悬浮液；按重量比称取悬浮液85份、纳米二氧化钛溶胶15份，高速搅拌得到分散均匀的前驱液；按照填充量为70％的比例将前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封。
实施例三：
取硫酸氧钛4克、四乙氧基硅烷5毫升，溶于PH值为6的稀硫酸30毫升，搅拌均匀；将15毫升的氨水、50毫升乙二醇单乙醚分别装入两个分液漏斗备用，其中，氨水的PH值为9，同时将两个分液漏斗打开，加入前一步得到的溶液中，保持搅拌，乙二醇单乙醚滴完后，保持搅拌，氨水再继续滴加10秒，剩余的氨水舍去，舍去的氨水为3.5毫升；将上一步得到的沉淀物过滤，水洗，在500摄氏度煅烧5小时制得纳米粉体；按重量份称取5份纳米粉体、2份多聚钛酸胶体与93份去离子水充分混合，得到悬浮液；按重量比称取悬浮液85份、纳米二氧化钛溶胶15份，高速搅拌得到分散均匀的前驱液；按照填充量为70％的比例将前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封。
参考《QB/T2761-2006室内空气净化产品净化效果测定方法》测定，具体测试报告如表1所示，被测污染物是甲醛，测试持续时间24小时。
表1
| 试验舱浓度(mg/m<sup>3</sup>) | 去除率(％) | |
| 实施例一 | 22 | 77.8％ |
| 实施例二 | 14 | 85.9％ |
| 实施例三 | 12 | 87.9％ |
| 空白组 | 99.5 | 0 |
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳实施例而已，故不能以此限定本发明实施的范围，即依本发明申请专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰，皆应仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
s1、取硫酸氧钛1～2克溶于稀硫酸制成溶液5～50毫升；
s2、加入2～5毫升四乙氧基硅烷到步骤s1得到的溶液中，搅拌均匀；
s3、缓慢地将5～20毫升的氨水、20～70毫升乙二醇单乙醚同时加入步骤s2得到的溶液中，保持搅拌；
s4、将步骤s3得到的沉淀物过滤，水洗，煅烧成粉体；
s5、将步骤s4得到的粉体均匀分散在分散液中，得到悬浮液；
s6、在步骤s5得到的悬浮液中加入成膜剂，高速搅拌得到分散均匀的前驱液；
s7、按照填充量为10～80％的比例将步骤s7得到的前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，其特征在于：所述稀硫酸的PH值为5.5～6.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，其特征在于：加入乙二醇单乙醚的速率是30～70毫升每分钟，乙二醇单乙醚加完后，再继续加氨水5～15秒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，其特征在于：所述分散液为1～5％多聚钛酸胶体与95～99％的去离子水的混合物，或为1～5％多聚钛酸胶体与95～99％的乙醇的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，其特征在于：所述成膜剂为纳米二氧化钛溶胶。
6.一种光催化剂喷雾，其特征在于：由权利要求1～5中任一项的光催化剂喷雾的制备方法制得。
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