CN109470839A - Simulate the physical test device and method of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults - Google Patents
Simulate the physical test device and method of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of simulation deep-seated faults to be formed, the physical test device of fault activation and inrush through faults, and the bottom of two side plates is each attached on fixed boundary, and is in close contact with top plate and bottom plate；Water tank bottom surface is fixed on fixed boundary, and the both ends of water tank are rigidly connected with two side plates；Top plate both ends and side plate are in close contact, and what is penetrated through on top plate offers multiple rectangle connecting holes and cutting seam；Bottom plate both ends and side plate are in close contact, and what is penetrated through on bottom plate offers multiple rectangle connecting holes and cutting seam；Oil cylinder A and oil cylinder B is respectively arranged at the left and right both ends of top plate；Bottom plate bottom surface is connect with water tank top surface by rigidity spring, and symmetrical screw hole is offered on two forward and backward edges of side plate, and organic glass will be fixedly connected by screw with side plate；Also disclose simulation experiment method.Apparatus structure in the present invention is novel in design, easy to assembly, and simulation test procedure is easy to operate, and visualization is high, can disposably complete a variety of visual Simulation test processes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal mine underground exploitation physical simulation experiment technical field more particularly to a kind of simulation deep-seated fault shapes
At, the physical test device and method of fault activation and inrush through faults.
Background technique
As China's pit mining develops to deep, dynamic disaster caused by deep-seated fault activates is more and more frequent, and 80%
Water Inrush accident it is related with tomography.However, the geological conditions of coal mine underground exploitation has complexity, and by current scientific research skill
The limitation of art, the mechanism of study of fault activation gushing water under the conditions of being difficult at the scene.Therefore, gushing water is activated in order to disclose deep-seated fault
Mechanism activates the prediction of gushing water, forecast and evaluation for the practical exploitation interrupting layer in coal seam and makes reference, and develops one kind and meets reality and can
The indoor physical test device of simulation deep-seated fault activation gushing water is particularly important.
Currently, the indoor physical simulation equipment about Water Inrush is existing very much, but the simulation about fault activation gushing water
Equipment is then less.
It to the simulation test of fault activation is spread by artificial staggered floor mostly at present in order to which study of fault activates mechanism of water inrush
If this has more with actual conditions is not inconsistent come what is realized.Firstly, its mechanical mechanism for having violated practical fault development, the shape of tomography
It is the dynamic process under a mechanical function at being that interlayer dislocation has occurred under crustal stress effect, is not by analog material mistake
The static(al) state that layer is laid with；Secondly, the physical analogy of fault throw, inclination angle is also to be laid with certain height by artificial staggered floor at present
What difference and tilt angle were realized, the mechanical mechanism that this does not meet practical fault throw yet, inclination angle is formed；Finally, fault activation is prominent
Water is that unstability, sliding occur under mining influence for a tomography, and then the process in water-bearing layer is connected, and physical simulation experiment should be simultaneously
Meet the requirement of hydraulic pressure, mine pressure synergy, and can realize the dynamic analog process of fault activation, live fault activation is difficult to see
It surveys, to disclose fault activation process, simulated test facility should have the visualization and digitization of monitoring.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention discloses a kind of simulation deep-seated faults to be formed, fault activation and tomography are prominent
The physical test device and method of water.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: the formation of simulation deep-seated fault, fault activation and tomography
The physical test device of gushing water, comprising:
Two side plates, the bottom of two side plates are each attached on fixed boundary, and are closely connect with top plate and bottom plate
Touching；
Water tank, bottom surface are fixed on fixed boundary, and the both ends of water tank are rigidly connected with two side plates；
Top plate is composition board type structure, and both ends and side plate are in close contact, and what is penetrated through on the top plate offers multiple squares
Shape connecting hole and cutting seam；
Bottom plate is composition board type structure, and both ends and side plate are in close contact, and what is penetrated through on the bottom plate offers multiple squares
Shape connecting hole and cutting seam；
Oil cylinder A and oil cylinder B, is respectively arranged at the left and right both ends of top plate, and oil cylinder A and oil cylinder B are scalable；
Organic glass, symmetrical screw hole is offered on two forward and backward edges of side plate, and organic glass will be with side by screw
Plate is fixedly connected.
Further, the rectangle connecting hole and cutting seam quantity being arranged on the bottom plate connect more than the rectangle being arranged on top plate
Connect hole and cutting seam quantity.
Further, it can be inserted into rectangle steel bar in the rectangle connecting hole.
Further, combination connection, and every piece are realized by rectangle steel bar between two blocks of compoboards adjacent on bottom plate
Stiffness spring is equipped on the bottom surface of compoboard.
Further, multiple water outlet screw holes closed and opened, rows of rigidity spring are additionally provided on the top surface of water tank
Bottom be fixedly connected with water tank top surface.
Further, the bottom plate is equipped with apopore, and the water in water tank can flow into the rock laid by apopore
Layer.
Further, the upper surface of the bottom plate is additionally provided with the water pressure sensor of monitoring aquifer water pressure.
The simulation experiment method for simulating deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults, using above-mentioned experimental rig, mould
Quasi- process includes:
(1) it is laid with rock stratum
Multiple rock stratum are successively laid on the bottom plate of simulator stand, rectangle steel bar is inserted into the connecting hole of bottom plate and top plate
In, strain gauge is laid between the rock stratum of laying, surface transverse direction and the vertical routing in rock stratum；In addition, before being laid with rock stratum, in advance
Water outlet screw hole on water tank is opened, and is laid with a plastic wire in the upper surface of bottom plate, certain thickness is laid on plastic wire
Blinding, after the completion of laying, testing stand forward and backward side install organic glass, complete rock stratum process of deployment；
(2) simulation applies initial field stress
After the completion of rock stratum is laid with, crustal stress is applied to the rock stratum of laying, oil cylinder A and oil are controlled by Bit andits control or pressure
The synchronous load carried out in vertical direction of cylinder B, stiffness spring are in compressive state, realize the application of initial field stress；
(3) tomography of different drops, different angle is simulated
After the completion of applying initial field stress, top plate and bottom plate are extracted in the requirement according to modeling scheme to co-hade respectively
Each one of rectangle steel bar in connecting hole, bottom plate, top plate are divided into left and right two parts；It controls oil cylinder A, B and carries out asynchronous load, paving
If rock stratum will along top plate and bottom plate open connecting hole line formed tomography, realize the mould of different drop Fault Formations
It is quasi-；
By extracting the rectangle steel bar pushed up, in the connecting hole of bottom plate difference relative position, different angle fault development mistake is realized
The simulation of journey；
(4) aquifer water pressure is simulated
It after fault development, keeps the state of oil cylinder A, B constant, is handed in the corresponding organic glass of floor strata and water-bearing layer
Sealant is smeared at boundary, prevents water from oozing out from the intersection of organic glass；Then, water is applied inside water tank by control system
Pressure, water body will pass sequentially through the apopore on the water outlet screw hole, rigidity spring, bottom plate of water tank, spread into rock stratum bottommost
If metalling in, the water-bearing layer of fluid structurecoupling is collectively formed with rubble body；The water pressure loaded in water tank is controlled, so that hydraulic pressure
The hydraulic pressure that force snesor is shown is equal to aquifer water pressure, completes aquifer water pressure and applies simulation process；
(5) gushing water is adopted in simulation
After applying aquifer water pressure, the corresponding organic glass progress in disk coal seam or lower wall coal seam is gradually opened in coal seam in opening
It digs, after the completion of excavating once, in time loads onto organic glass, make to be observed in three dimensional closure state；The process is repeated, into
It excavates in row coal seam.
Further, during step (2) applies initial field stress, water is not added in water tank.
Further, in the digging process of step (5) coal seam, the hydraulic pressure in water tank is controlled, guarantees that plate upper surface pressure passes
The value of sensor is consistent with aquifer water pressure value.
The invention has the advantages that device is novel in design, operation is convenient, visualization is high, and disposable completion is following
A variety of visual Simulation tests:
(1) visual Simulation of practical fault development overall process can be achieved；
(2) visual Simulation of different drops, different angle fault development overall process can be achieved；
(3) can be achieved different depth under the conditions of initial field stress simulation test；
(4) visual Simulation of fault activation overall process can be achieved；
(5) it can be achieved to adopt the visual Simulation of fault activation gushing water overall process；
(6) different water cut layer hydraulic condition lower plate gushing water (containing tomography or being free of tomography) visual Simulation can be achieved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic structural view of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the top board structure schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the rectangle steel bar structural schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the cisten mechanism schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural diagram of base plate in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that rock stratum of the present invention is laid with completion structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is that the present invention applies initial field stress structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is fault development structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is that the present invention applies aquifer water pressure structural schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is that completion structural schematic diagram is excavated in coal seam of the present invention；
Wherein, 1- side plate；2- top plate；3- bottom plate；4- water tank；5- fixed boundary；6- stiffness spring；7- connecting hole；8- spiral shell
Nail；9- organic glass；10- oil cylinder A；11- oil cylinder B；12- rectangle steel bar；13- cutting seam；14- is discharged screw hole；15- apopore；
16- water pressure sensor；17- roof strata；18- working seam；19- floor strata；The water-bearing layer 20-；The upper disk coal seam 21-；22-
Lower wall coal seam.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
Embodiment in invention, every other reality obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example is applied, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, simulation deep-seated fault is formed, the physical test device of fault activation and inrush through faults, comprising:
Two side plates 1, the bottom of two side plates 1 are each attached on fixed boundary 5, and are closely connect with top plate 2, bottom plate 3
Touching；
Water tank 4, bottom surface are fixed on fixed boundary 5, and the both ends of water tank 4 are rigidly connected with two side plates 1, in water tank 4
Portion applies hydraulic pressure；
Top plate 2 is as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 composition board type structure, and both ends and side plate 1 are in close contact, penetrate through on top plate 2
Open up there are five rectangle connecting hole 7 and cutting seam 13, realize top plate 2 integrated connection and part disconnect, achieve that in this way
Top plate 2 cooperates the extension and contraction control of oil cylinder A10, oil cylinder B11, carries out Plumb load to the rock stratum of laying to realize, such as displacement or
Integral synchronous load or left and right two parts under pressure control individually load；
Bottom plate 3 is as shown in figs. 3 and 5 composition board type structure, and both ends and side plate 1 are in close contact, penetrate through on bottom plate 3
Offer seven rectangle connecting holes 7 and cutting seam 13,；
Oil cylinder A10 and oil cylinder B11 is respectively arranged at the left and right both ends of top plate 2, and oil cylinder A10 and oil cylinder B11 are scalable,
The flexible of oil cylinder A10 and oil cylinder B11 can realize Integral synchronous load and single load by control system in the prior art,
Control mode includes that Bit andits control and pressure control two kinds；
Organic glass 9 offers symmetrical screw hole on two forward and backward edges of side plate 1, and organic glass 9 passes through screw 8 will
It is fixedly connected with side plate 1, realizes the closing in simulated experiment front and rear direction, triaxiality condition is created, due to using saturating
Bright organic glass 9, therefore can realize the visualization in entire simulation test procedure.
Particularly, the rectangle connecting hole 7 and cutting 13 quantity of seam being arranged on bottom plate 3 connect more than the rectangle being arranged on top plate 2
Hole 7 and cutting 13 quantity of seam are connect, can be used for simulating the forming process of different angle tomography.
Particularly, it can be inserted into rectangle steel bar 12 in rectangle connecting hole 7, to realize the combination connection of bottom plate 3, top plate 2.
Particularly, combination connection, and every piece are realized by rectangle steel bar 12 between two blocks of compoboards adjacent on bottom plate 3
Stiffness spring 6 is equipped on the bottom surface of compoboard, therefore, the part connected or disconnected by rectangle steel bar 12, so that it may with rigidity
The compression of spring 6 occurs to move up and down in whole or in part with diastole.
Particularly, multiple water outlet screw holes 14 closed and opened, rows of rigidity spring are additionally provided on the top surface of water tank 4
6 bottom is fixedly connected with the top surface of water tank 4.
Particularly, bottom plate 3 is equipped with apopore 15, and the water in water tank 4 can flow into the rock laid by apopore 15
Layer, as shown in Figure 5.
Particularly, the upper surface of bottom plate 3 is additionally provided with the water pressure sensor 16 of monitoring 20 hydraulic pressure of water-bearing layer, as shown in Figure 5.
A kind of simulation experiment method for simulating deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults, simulation process include:
(1) it is laid with rock stratum
Before test, be successively laid with multiple rock stratum on the bottom plate 3 of simulator stand, including water-bearing layer 20, floor strata 19,
Working seam 18, roof strata 17；Rectangle steel bar 12 is inserted into the connecting hole 7 of bottom plate 3 and top plate 2, cloth between the rock stratum of laying
If strain gauge, monitoring fault development, activation, the variation of stress during gushing water, rock stratum surface laterally with it is perpendicular
To routing, pass through the change in displacement of different location in total station observation loading procedure；In addition, before being laid with rock stratum, in advance by water tank 4
On water outlet screw hole 14 open, and the upper surface of bottom plate 3 be laid with a plastic wire, prevent formation material by bottom plate 3 go out
Water hole 15 enters spring and water tank 4, and certain thickness blinding is laid on plastic wire, adds after water to simulate water-bearing layer 20；
After the completion of laying, organic glass 9 is installed in the forward and backward side of testing stand, the displacement constraint and fault development, work before and after implementation model
Change, the effect of visualization of gushing water, completes rock stratum process of deployment, as shown in Figure 6.
(2) simulation applies initial field stress
After the completion of rock stratum is laid with, crustal stress is applied to the rock stratum of laying, by Bit andits control or pressure control oil cylinder A10 and
The synchronous load carried out in vertical direction of oil cylinder B11, stiffness spring 6 are in compressive state, realize the application of initial field stress, phase
Between water is not added in water tank 4, by the load of control load, the initial field stress under the conditions of different depth can be realized and simulated
Journey, as shown in Figure 7.
(3) tomography of different drops, different angle is simulated
After the completion of applying initial field stress, simulation test is carried out to the formation of different angle, drop tomography, is formed and scene
The tomography that mechanical mechanism more meets；Requirement according to modeling scheme to co-hade extracts connect in top plate 2 and bottom plate 3 respectively
Rectangle steel bar 12 each one in hole 7 are met, the corresponding organic glass 9 of connecting hole 7 that will first extract rectangle steel bar 12 is laid down, and is pulled out
It is loaded on after complete, bottom plate 3, top plate 2 divide for left and right two parts；It controls oil cylinder A10, oil cylinder B11 and carries out asynchronous load, laying
Rock stratum will open the line of connecting hole 7 along top plate 2, bottom plate 3, form tomography, during which, the elongation of oil cylinder A10, oil cylinder B11
It differs, the decrement for being connected the spring below the separated left and right two parts of bottom plate 3 in hole 7 also differs, and material is thus formed tomographies
Drop, by control oil cylinder A10, oil cylinder B11 load residual quantity (load, displacement, loading speed) can realize that difference is fallen
The simulation of poor Fault Formation.
The tomography formed by the above process is to be formed under the conditions of Mechanical loading, and unartificial staggered floor is laid with to be formed
, the tomography after formation has certain mechanical environment.
In addition, by extracting the rectangle steel bar 12 in the different relative position connecting holes 7 of top plate 2, bottom plate 3, and then realize not
With the simulation of inclination angle Fault Formation, as shown in Figure 8.
(4) aquifer water pressure is simulated
It after fault development, keeps oil cylinder A10, the state of oil cylinder B11 constant, adopts fault activation gushing water for simulation,
Coal seam needs to apply 20 hydraulic pressure of water-bearing layer before excavating, and water-bearing layer 20 is made to meet the original state before excavating；Firstly, in 3 rock stratum of bottom plate
Sealant is smeared with corresponding 9 intersection of organic glass in water-bearing layer 20, prevents water from oozing out from the intersection of organic glass 9；Then,
Apply water pressure inside water tank 4 by control system, water body will pass sequentially through the water outlet screw hole 14 of water tank 4, rigidity spring,
The aqueous of fluid structurecoupling is collectively formed with rubble body into the metalling of rock stratum bottommost laying in apopore 15 on bottom plate 3
Layer 20；Finally, passing through the hydraulic pressure for judging to be laid in 3 upper surface of bottom plate to meet requirement of the simulation test to 20 hydraulic pressure of water-bearing layer
Whether the water pressure that force snesor 16 is shown is equal to 20 hydraulic pressure of water-bearing layer, and then controls the water pressure loaded in water tank 4, so that
The hydraulic pressure that water pressure sensor 16 is shown is equal to 20 hydraulic pressure of water-bearing layer, completes 20 hydraulic pressure of water-bearing layer and applies simulation process, such as Fig. 9 institute
Show.
(5) gushing water is adopted in simulation
After applying 20 hydraulic pressure of water-bearing layer, according to the requirement of simulation test scheme, disk coal seam 21 or lower wall coal seam 22 in opening
Corresponding organic glass 9 carries out gradually coal seam and excavates, and after the completion of excavating once, in time loads onto organic glass 9, makes in three
Dimension closed state is observed；Excavation plan according to design, which repeats the above steps, carries out coal seam excavation；In coal seam digging process
In, whether the value that should observe 3 upper surface pressure sensor of bottom plate constantly consistent with 20 hydraulic pressure value of water-bearing layer, if inconsistent, answer and
When control water tank 4 in hydraulic pressure, be consistent it, as shown in Figure 10.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention also should belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. simulating the physical test device of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults characterized by comprising
Two side plates, the bottom of two side plates are each attached on fixed boundary, and are in close contact with top plate and bottom plate；
Water tank, bottom surface are fixed on fixed boundary, and the both ends of water tank are rigidly connected with two side plates；
Top plate is composition board type structure, and both ends and side plate are in close contact, and the multiple rectangles that offer penetrated through on the top plate connect
Connect hole and cutting seam；
Bottom plate is composition board type structure, and both ends and side plate are in close contact, and the multiple rectangles that offer penetrated through on the bottom plate connect
Connect hole and cutting seam；
Oil cylinder A and oil cylinder B, is respectively arranged at the left and right both ends of top plate, and oil cylinder A and oil cylinder B are scalable；
Organic glass offers symmetrical screw hole on two forward and backward edges of side plate, and organic glass will be consolidated by screw with side plate
Fixed connection.
2. the physical test device of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults is simulated as described in claim 1, it is special
Sign is that the rectangle connecting hole being arranged on the bottom plate and cutting seam quantity are more than the rectangle connecting hole and cutting being arranged on top plate
Stitch quantity.
3. the physical test device of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults is simulated as claimed in claim 2, it is special
Sign is, can be inserted into rectangle steel bar in the rectangle connecting hole.
4. the physical test device of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults is simulated as claimed in claim 2, it is special
Sign is, realizes combination connection, and the bottom of every block of compoboard by rectangle steel bar between two blocks of adjacent compoboards on bottom plate
Stiffness spring is equipped on face.
5. the physical test device of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults is simulated as claimed in claim 4, it is special
Sign is, multiple water outlet screw holes closed and opened, the bottom of rows of rigidity spring and water are additionally provided on the top surface of water tank
Case top surface is fixedly connected.
6. the physical test device of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults is simulated as claimed in claim 4, it is special
Sign is that the bottom plate is equipped with apopore, and the water in water tank can flow into the rock stratum laid by apopore.
7. the physical test device of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults is simulated as claimed in claim 6, it is special
Sign is that the upper surface of the bottom plate is additionally provided with the water pressure sensor of monitoring aquifer water pressure.
8. the simulation experiment method of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults is simulated, using any institute of claim 1-7
The experimental rig stated, which is characterized in that simulation process includes:
(1) it is laid with rock stratum
Multiple rock stratum are successively laid on the bottom plate of simulator stand, rectangle steel bar is inserted into the connecting hole of bottom plate and top plate,
Strain gauge is laid between the rock stratum of laying, surface transverse direction and the vertical routing in rock stratum；In addition, in advance will before being laid with rock stratum
Water outlet screw hole on water tank is opened, and is laid with a plastic wire in the upper surface of bottom plate, is laid on plastic wire certain thickness
Blinding after the completion of laying, installs organic glass in the forward and backward side of testing stand, completes rock stratum process of deployment；
(2) simulation applies initial field stress
After the completion of rock stratum is laid with, crustal stress is applied to the rock stratum of laying, oil cylinder A and oil cylinder B is controlled by Bit andits control or pressure
The synchronous load carried out in vertical direction, stiffness spring are in compressive state, realize the application of initial field stress；
(3) tomography of different drops, different angle is simulated
After the completion of applying initial field stress, the requirement according to modeling scheme to co-hade is extracted top plate respectively and is connected with bottom plate
Each one of rectangle steel bar in hole, bottom plate, top plate are divided into left and right two parts；It controls oil cylinder A, B and carries out asynchronous load, laying
The line that rock stratum will open connecting hole along top plate and bottom plate forms tomography, realizes the simulation of different drop Fault Formations；
By extracting the rectangle steel bar pushed up, in the connecting hole of bottom plate difference relative position, and then realize different angle fault development mistake
The simulation of journey；
(4) aquifer water pressure is simulated
After fault development, keep the state of oil cylinder A, B constant, in the corresponding organic glass intersection of floor strata and water-bearing layer
Sealant is smeared, prevents water from oozing out from the intersection of organic glass；Then, hydraulic pressure is applied inside water tank by control system
Power, water body will pass sequentially through the apopore on the water outlet screw hole, rigidity spring, bottom plate of water tank, be laid with into rock stratum bottommost
Metalling in, the water-bearing layer of fluid structurecoupling is collectively formed with rubble body；The water pressure loaded in water tank is controlled, so that water pressure
The hydraulic pressure that sensor is shown is equal to aquifer water pressure, completes aquifer water pressure and applies simulation process；
(5) gushing water is adopted in simulation
After applying aquifer water pressure, the corresponding organic glass in disk coal seam or lower wall coal seam carries out gradually coal seam excavation in opening,
After the completion of excavating once, organic glass is loaded onto time, makes to be observed in three dimensional closure state；The process is repeated, is carried out
It excavates in coal seam.
9. the simulation experiment method of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults is simulated as claimed in claim 8, it is special
Sign is, during step (2) applies initial field stress, water is not added in water tank.
10. the simulation experiment method of deep-seated fault formation, fault activation and inrush through faults is simulated as claimed in claim 9,
It is characterized in that, in the digging process of step (5) coal seam, controls the hydraulic pressure in water tank, guarantee the value of plate upper surface pressure sensor
It is consistent with aquifer water pressure value.
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| CN111596031A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-28 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Coal seam floor disaster simulation device and method |
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| CN113702621A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-26 | 太原理工大学 | Experimental device and method for inducing fault activation water inrush of coal seam floor |
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