CN109469114A - A kind of method for the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing that can eliminate superstructure influence - Google Patents
A kind of method for the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing that can eliminate superstructure influence Download PDFInfo
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- CN109469114A CN109469114A CN201811409411.0A CN201811409411A CN109469114A CN 109469114 A CN109469114 A CN 109469114A CN 201811409411 A CN201811409411 A CN 201811409411A CN 109469114 A CN109469114 A CN 109469114A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method that the present invention proposes existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing that can eliminate superstructure influence.This method is using superstructure in the case where meeting some requirements, it is affixed that superstructure may be considered as approximate stake top, the influence of upper part structure is approximately to compare to have certain time-delay and contrary secondary excitation effect with initial excitation, analytical calculation is carried out according to theory of stress wave, the secondary exciting that superstructure is formed is completely eliminated.This method principle is concise, easy to operate, and relative to other low-strain measurement methods, sensor installation number is one or two, and acquisition equipment is simple, as a result accurately and reliably, there is stronger engineer application and promotion prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering detecting field more particularly to a kind of detection methods of existing foundation pile integrity.
Background technique
Existing foundation pile integrity detection, has great significance for the identification of the safety, quality of existing building, works as needs
When understanding pile quality, need to carry out foundation pile integrity (defect) detection.Due to existing foundation pile be partly or entirely embedded in ground it
Under, detection is influenced by superstructure and basis, and the defects detection of foundation pile is more difficult.
At present foundation pile integrity detection use method the most universal be low strain dynamic method, by with hand hammer or power stick to stake
It pushes up exciting, operating speed or acceleration transducer actual measurement pile body speed or mechanical admittance curves lacks pile body with the wave theory of bar
It is trapped into row discriminance analysis, the operation of low strain integrity testing method is relatively simple, and it is as a result more reliable, it is pushed away by building and traffic industry standard
The standard method for pile integrity detection is recommended, universal application has in industry been obtained.
However, low strain dynamic method is for detecting existing foundation pile, due to influences of superstructure cause the analysis of signal in the presence of compared with
Big difficulty, is mainly reflected in: 1) influence of the superstructure to exciting, and the exciting pulse of conventional low strain dynamic is bell-shaped pulse,
Reflexive property to defect be it is simple and be it is known, influenced by superstructure, no matter on pile body or stake top top
Structure exciting, exciting is no longer bell-shaped pulse for pile body, and phase wave amplitude of pulse etc. may have occurred large change, therefore
Corresponding defect reflection is also more complicated and changeable and is difficult to identify；2) superstructure and defect cause the differentiation of reflection.Without top
When structure, only pile body generalized impedance, which changes, can generate reflection, and existing foundation pile superstructure can also generate it is downward anti-
It penetrates, the reflection of superstructure and defect reflection are superimposed, and are difficult to distinguish.
The country also carries out some explorations and research in this respect at present, mainly there is " general frequency response function method detection in terms of patent
The method of Vertical spots integrality under existing construction of structures " (patent publication No.: CN103774700A).This method is for existing
Vertical spots under construction of structures, this method expose earth's surface using Vertical spots, are symmetrically installed 2 strains and 2 using in stake side
Acceleration sensor measures pile strain and speed responsive, traveling wave up and down is isolated with frequency response function, finally according to separation
Upgoing wave judges that the defect of stake and stake are long.
It is partially solved both using " method that general frequency response function method detects Vertical spots integrality under existing construction of structures "
There is the difficulty that pile detection encounters, there is certain positive effect, but does not completely eliminate influence of the superstructure to exciting, top
Influence of the structure to exciting still has, still difficult to the identification of defect reflection.When detecting simultaneously, need to be symmetrically installed
2 bearing pressures and with 2 velocity sensors.Sensor installation number is more, and equipment is complex, to data collection system require compared with
Height, the cumbersome time-consuming of execute-in-place.
China is a capital construction big country, foundation pile with extremely widespread, engineering structure build up after due to various reasons, need
Understand the quality of foundation pile, detect that existing foundation pile effect is undesirable, and flaw indication is difficult to differentiate using low strain dynamic method at present, equipment compared with
For complexity, the cumbersome time-consuming of execute-in-place, there is an urgent need to invent a kind of new method.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, can eliminate superstructure the present invention provides one kind influences both
There is a foundation pile integrity detection method, this method can eliminate influence when existing to the low strain integrity testing foundation pile of superstructure, acquisition
Equipment is simple, as a result accurately and reliably, there is stronger engineer application and promotion prospect.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. the method that one kind can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence, feature exist
In including the following steps:
1) foundation pile is handled；
2) equipment is installed: exciting block is installed on foundation pile, in exciting block lower part installation speed sensor；
3) exciting is carried out to exciting block, obtains suitable pulse；
4) data for acquiring velocity sensor, are eliminated superstructure to the data of acquisition by way of data processing
Speed wave profile after influence；
5) the speed wave profile obtained according to step 4) determines the place of existing pile existing defects.
It is preferable that the velocity sensor is one or install up and down two.
When velocity sensor is one, the mode of data processing are as follows:
V ' is acquired according to formula V=V '+V ' '=V ' (t)-δ V ' (t-2L1/Wc)；
Wherein V is the collected speed wave profile of velocity sensor, and V ' is the pulse tau ' shape propagated downwards that exciting is formed
At speed wave, V ' be eliminate superstructure influence after speed wave profile, V ' ' be exciting formed the pulse upwardly propagated
The speed wave that the down pulse τ ' ' reflected to form through superstructure is formed；δ differs multiple with the amplitude of pulse tau ' ' for pulse tau ',
L1 is distance of the exciting block to stake top, and Wc is pile body velocity of wave.
When velocity sensor is two, the mode of data processing are as follows: traveling wave up and down is separated by two sensors, according to
Elastic rod theory of stress wave solve to obtain speed uplink wave V ↑,
According to formula V ↑=V ' ↑+V ' ' ↑=V ' (t) ↑-δ V ' (t-2L1/Wc) ↑ acquire V ' ↑, wherein V ' ↑ formed for exciting
The pulse tau ' propagated downwards caused by speed uplink wave, V ' ↑ be eliminate superstructure influence after speed wave profile, V ' ' ↑
Speed uplink wave caused by the down pulse τ ' ' reflected to form for the pulse upwardly propagated that exciting is formed through superstructure；δ is
Pulse tau ' differs multiple with the amplitude of pulse tau ' ', and L1 is distance of the exciting block to stake top, and Wc is pile body velocity of wave.
Specific, the foundation pile processing refers to excavates at the top of foundation pile: foundation pile is completely or partially embedded under ground
Foundation pile, the foundation pile periphery soil body need to be excavated, so that foundation pile top 1.5m~2.5m or so hanging.
Specific, exciting block is mounted on the foundation pile side of 1~4 times of stake diameter of stake top or less, and sensor is mounted under exciting block
At about one times of portion stake diameter distance.
It is specific, when the length for the cushion cap or plate being connected with foundation pile and stake diameter ratio are greater than 2, swashed using torsional wave
Vibration, exciting block and sensor angle in 90 °；When the thickness for the cushion cap or plate being connected with foundation pile and stake diameter ratio are greater than 3, thickness with
When exciting wavelength ratio is greater than 2, exciting is carried out using longitudinal wave.
Specific, in step 5), need to carry out low-pass filtering to speed wave.
Specific, the sample frequency of velocity sensor is not less than 100KHz.
Velocity sensor usable acceleration sensor substitution, when using acceleration transducer, by adding to collected
Speed data obtains speed data after being integrated.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: this method can completely eliminate the secondary exciting that superstructure is formed, this method
Principle is concise, easy to operate, and relative to other low-strain measurement methods, sensor installation number is one or two, and acquisition is set
It is standby simple, as a result accurately and reliably, there are stronger engineer application and promotion prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
The following further describes the present invention with reference to the drawings
Fig. 1 is the equipment mounting structure schematic diagram used of the method for the invention；
Fig. 2 is the foundation pile speed wave propagation characteristic line schematic diagram of the method for the invention；
Fig. 3 is the collected velocity wave form figure of two velocity sensors in embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is velocity wave form figure of the speed 1 after eliminating superstructure and influencing in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the speed upgoing wave figure eliminated after superstructure influence in embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment for explanation with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The present invention provides one kind can eliminate superstructure influence the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing method,
Fig. 1 gives equipment mounting structure schematic diagram used by this method, in which: exciting block 1, first sensor 2, second sense
Device 3, foundation pile 4, basic 5, superstructure 6, double channel data acquisition instrument 7, exciting block 1 are mounted on 1~4 times of 4 stake top of foundation pile or less
Stake path position, first sensor 2 are mounted at the stake diameter distance of about one times of 1 lower part of exciting block, when needing to separate traveling wave up and down,
A second sensor 3 is installed in the lower section of first sensor 2 again, and exciting block 1, first sensor 2 and second sensor 3 can pass through
It is mechanically fixed or the mode of gluing is fixed on the side of foundation pile 4.First sensor 2 and second sensor 3 be velocity sensor or
Person's acceleration transducer, when using acceleration transducer, after the integrated processing of data for needing to acquire acceleration transducer
Obtain speed data.
This method comprises the following steps:
1) first to being excavated at the top of foundation pile 4: foundation pile is completely or partially buried with the foundation pile under ground, need to excavate
The foundation pile periphery soil body, so that foundation pile top 1.5m~2.5m or so is hanging.
2) then exciting block 1 is installed in the foundation pile side of 1~4 times of stake path position below stake top；Then in 1 lower part of exciting block
About one times of stake diameter distance installs one or two (need to carry out uplink and downlink wavelength-division from when) speed along vibration measuring direction or acceleration passes
Sensor；
3) multiple exciting is then carried out to exciting block 1 using exciting hammer, obtains the pulse of needs；
4) data of velocity sensor are acquired, sample frequency is not less than 100kHz, passes through data processing to the data of acquisition
Mode be eliminated superstructure influence after speed wave profile；
For there is the existing foundation pile of superstructure, when due to pile body exciting, the velocity pulse that exciting is formed is upward along pile body
With propagate simultaneously downwards, form the pulse tau ' that propagates downwards and upwardly propagate by superstructure reflection and downward pulse
τ ' ', as shown in Fig. 2, pulse tau ' and pulse tau ' ' forms dual exciting to the pile body below of exciting block 1, since pulse tau ' ' passes through
Superstructure reflects to form, therefore with impulse wave τ ' there are phase delay 2L1/Wc, L1 be exciting block 1 apart from stake top away from
From Wc is pile body velocity of wave.According to one dimension rod theory of stress wave, if τ ' is similar with two pulse characters of τ ' ', amplitude in proportion,
So the two pulses cause reflection to be also speed wave proportional, that the speed wave V ' and pulse tau ' ' that pulse tau ' is formed are formed
V ' ' also corresponds to proportional.When superstructure meets condition: when the length and stake diameter ratio of the cushion cap or plate that are connected with foundation pile are greater than 2；
Or the length and stake diameter ratio for the cushion cap or plate being connected with foundation pile are greater than 3, when thickness and exciting wavelength ratio are greater than 3, superstructure can
Affixed to be thought of as approximate stake top, τ ' is contrary with τ ' ' at this time, and amplitude differs δ times, so that
τ ' '=- δ τ ' (1)
V ' '=- δ V ' (2)
When two exciting collective effects, according to elastic superposition principle of wave,
Wherein V is the collected speed wave profile of velocity sensor to V=V '+V ' ' (3)；In view of there are phases by τ ' ' ratio τ '
Position delay 2L1/Wc, therefore have
V=V '+V ' '=V ' (t)-δ V ' (t-2L1/Wc) (4)
V is surveyed by sensor it is known that can obtain V ' by above-mentioned formula (4), and V ' is the speed eliminated after superstructure influence
It writes music line.
When the length for the cushion cap or plate being connected with foundation pile and stake diameter ratio are greater than 2, exciting is carried out using torsional wave, using torsion
When turning wave progress exciting, exciting block and sensor angle in 90 °；When the length and stake diameter for the cushion cap or plate being connected with foundation pile are than big
When 3, thickness and exciting wavelength ratio are greater than 3, exciting is carried out using longitudinal wave；
When installing two sensors, traveling wave up and down is separated.According to elastic rod theory of stress wave, solution obtains uplink and downlink
Wave V ↓ and V ↑.
Equally have:
V ↑=V ' ↑+V ' ' ↑=V ' (t) ↑-δ V ' (t-2L1/Wc) ↑ (5)
According to above-mentioned formula (5) acquire V ' ↑, i.e., elimination superstructure influence after rate curve.
6) determine that defective locations and stake are long: above-mentioned V ' or the V ' ↑ carry out low-pass filtering acquired, according to speed wave V ' or V ' ↑
Determine defective locations.
A specific embodiment is provided below
Embodiment 1
Certain existing foundation pile, foundation pile top plate thickness are 1m, foundation pile diameter 0.5m, a length of 10m of stake, and exciting block is arranged apart from stake
Following 1m is pushed up, it is 1.5m and 2.0m that velocity sensor received bit is set to stake top individually below, after carrying out exciting to exciting block, acquisition
The data of two velocity sensors, obtain waveform diagram as shown in Figure 3, and speed 1 is the waveform of top velocity sensor acquisition, speed
Degree 2 eliminates speed 1 and uplink after superstructure influence using method of the invention for the waveform of lower part velocity sensor acquisition
The waveform of wave is shown in Fig. 4,5, and 1 or less 4.0m of velocity sensor or so has obvious reflection in the same direction as we know from the figure, it is possible to determine that is stake
Body necking down defect.
It will be recognized by those skilled in the art, can be to above-mentioned under the premise of without departing from protection scope of the present invention
Embodiment is carry out various modifications, changes and is combined, and thinks that this modification, variation and combination are the models in originality thought
Within enclosing.
Claims (10)
1. the method that one kind can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
1) foundation pile is handled；
2) equipment is installed: exciting block is installed on foundation pile, in exciting block lower part installation speed sensor；
3) exciting is carried out to exciting block, obtains suitable pulse；
4) acquire velocity sensor data, on the data of acquisition be eliminated by way of data processing superstructure influence
Speed wave profile afterwards；
5) the speed wave profile obtained according to step 4) determines the place of existing pile existing defects.
2. the side that one kind as described in claim 1 can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence
Method, which is characterized in that the velocity sensor is one or install up and down two.
3. the side that one kind as claimed in claim 2 can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence
Method, which is characterized in that when velocity sensor is one, the mode of data processing are as follows:
V ' is acquired according to formula V=V '+V ' '=V ' (t)-δ V ' (t-2L1/Wc)；
Wherein V is the collected speed wave profile of velocity sensor, and V ' is that the pulse tau ' propagated downwards that exciting is formed is formed
Speed wave, V ' are the speed wave profile eliminated after superstructure influence, and V ' ' is the pulse of exciting formation upwardly propagated through upper
The speed wave that the down pulse τ ' ' that portion's structure reflects to form is formed；δ differs multiple with the amplitude of pulse tau ' ' for pulse tau ', and L1 is
For exciting block to the distance of stake top, Wc is pile body velocity of wave.
4. the side that one kind as claimed in claim 2 can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence
Method, which is characterized in that when velocity sensor is two, the mode of data processing are as follows: separate uplink and downlink by two sensors
Wave, according to elastic rod theory of stress wave solve to obtain speed uplink wave V ↑,
According to formula V ↑=V ' ↑+V ' ' ↑=V ' (t) ↑-δ V ' (t-2L1/Wc) ↑ acquire V ' ↑, wherein V ' ↑ for exciting formed to
Speed uplink wave caused by the pulse tau ' of lower propagation, V ' ↑ be eliminate superstructure and influence after speed wave profile, V ' ' ↑ be sharp
Speed uplink wave caused by the down pulse τ ' ' that the pulse upwardly propagated that vibration is formed is reflected to form through superstructure；δ is pulse
τ ' differs multiple with the amplitude of pulse tau ' ', and L1 is distance of the exciting block to stake top, and Wc is pile body velocity of wave.
5. the side that one kind as described in claim 1 can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence
Method, which is characterized in that the foundation pile processing refers to excavates at the top of foundation pile: being completely or partially embedded under ground for foundation pile
Foundation pile need to excavate the foundation pile periphery soil body, so that foundation pile top 1.5m~2.5m or so is hanging.
6. the side that one kind as described in claim 1 can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence
Method, which is characterized in that exciting block is mounted on the foundation pile side of 1~4 times of stake diameter of stake top or less, and sensor is mounted on exciting block lower part
At about 1 times of stake diameter distance.
7. the side that one kind as described in claim 1 can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence
Method, which is characterized in that when the length for the cushion cap or plate being connected with foundation pile and stake diameter ratio are greater than 2, exciting is carried out using torsional wave,
Exciting block and sensor angle in 90 °；When the thickness for the cushion cap or plate being connected with foundation pile and stake diameter ratio are greater than 3, thickness and swash
When the long ratio of vibration wave is greater than 2, exciting is carried out using longitudinal wave.
8. the side that one kind as described in claim 1 can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence
Method, which is characterized in that in step 5), need to carry out low-pass filtering to speed wave.
9. the side that one kind as described in claim 1 can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence
Method, which is characterized in that the sample frequency of velocity sensor is not less than 100KHz.
10. one kind as described in claim 1 can eliminate the existing foundation pile integrity of low strain integrity testing of superstructure influence
Method, which is characterized in that velocity sensor usable acceleration sensor substitution, when using acceleration transducer, by adopting
The acceleration information collected obtains speed data after being integrated.
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| CN201811409411.0A CN109469114B (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Low-strain existing foundation pile integrity detection method capable of eliminating upper structure influence |
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| CN112211236A (en) * | 2020-11-15 | 2021-01-12 | 江龙 | Engineering pile body defect detection method |
| CN112663689A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-16 | 浙江大学 | Multi-measuring-point low-strain detection method for high-bearing-platform pile foundation |
| CN115404920A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-29 | 广东交科检测有限公司 | Foundation pile detection method and system |
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Effective date of registration: 20230811 Address after: 100013, No. 30 East Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee after: China Construction and Research Institute Testing Center Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 30 Beisan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100000 Patentee before: CHINA ACADEMY OF BUILDING RESEARCH Ltd. |