CN111042215A - Existing building foundation pile quality detection method and device - Google Patents
Existing building foundation pile quality detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111042215A CN111042215A CN201811218383.4A CN201811218383A CN111042215A CN 111042215 A CN111042215 A CN 111042215A CN 201811218383 A CN201811218383 A CN 201811218383A CN 111042215 A CN111042215 A CN 111042215A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the quality of foundation piles of existing buildings, which comprises the steps of utilizing an excitation hole filled with water in a bearing platform as a discharge space of a pulse discharge electrode to carry out pulse discharge, directly transmitting excitation force generated by discharge to a lower pile body of the foundation pile without passing through the bearing platform through a water medium, then utilizing a reflected wave pressure waveform acquired by a hydrophone in the excitation hole and a reflected wave vibration waveform acquired by a acceleration sensor in a waterless acquisition hole, and judging whether the pile body has defects, specific positions, types and sizes of the defects by analyzing the time domain and the frequency domain of the reflected wave pressure waveform and the reflected wave vibration waveform; and the hole bottoms of the excitation hole and the collection hole are the tops of the foundation piles, so that the phenomenon that longitudinal wave energy is too much attenuated due to the fact that the bearing platform is too thick is avoided. The invention also discloses a detection device applying the existing building foundation pile quality detection method. The detection method and the detection device can accurately judge the quality of the foundation pile, and have the advantages of high efficiency and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nondestructive testing of building foundation piles, in particular to a method and a device for testing the quality of an existing building foundation pile.
Background
The excellent quality of the existing building foundation pile which is used as a bearing foundation of a building directly determines the safety and the durability of an upper building structure; for houses which are affected by heavy natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, landslides and the like or bridges which are impacted by vehicles, ships and floods, the quality detection of foundation piles of the houses and the bridges becomes very important; in addition, for the phenomena of inclination, deformation, sedimentation and cracking of the upper building caused by foundation problems or construction quality problems, quality detection needs to be carried out on foundation piles of the corresponding building; when the old building is maintained, reinforced, loaded and modified in a storey-adding way, the integrity and the bearing capacity of the foundation pile of the original building must be known in advance, so that a corresponding reinforcing and modifying scheme is made; therefore, the quality of the foundation pile of the existing building is detected by an accurate, efficient and low-cost detection method, and the method has very important significance for knowing the bearing capacity of the foundation pile and ensuring the safety of the upper building.
Different from newly-built foundation piles with free pile ends, the upper pile end of the foundation pile of the existing building is quite hidden, the detection environment is complex, the detection result is greatly obstructed and interfered by a bearing platform and an upper building structure, the common methods in the existing foundation pile detection, such as a core drilling method, a static load test method, a traditional high-low strain method and the like, are not suitable, and like a sound wave transmission method, the sound tube is required to be arranged in the pile in advance, so that the method is obviously not suitable for the foundation pile detection of the existing building; for foundation pile detection, a traditional low-strain reflection method is a reliable foundation pile integrity detection method, but in the foundation pile detection process of the existing building, because the hammering position and the sensor position are blocked by a bearing platform and a building structure, the pile end is difficult to directly contact, and the bearing capacity of the foundation pile cannot be obtained by the method; the traditional hydroelectric effect method is characterized in that a bucket device is arranged at the pile end, a high-voltage discharge electrode is arranged in the bucket device, pressure pulses are generated through high-voltage pulse discharge to excite the top end of a foundation pile, then a pressure sensor arranged in the bucket receives dynamic response of a pile soil system under the action of the pressure pulses, the vibration characteristics of the pile soil system are analyzed in the time domain and the frequency domain respectively, the nature, the size and the position of the defect of the pile body are deduced, and the allowable bearing capacity of the foundation pile is calculated. Patent CN85104819 introduces a method for testing integrity of foundation pile by using hydroelectric effect, in which a bucket is placed on the top of a pile to generate exciting force, and a speed sensor is placed on the pile top or the pile side, which mainly adopts a self-power spectrum to judge quality of the foundation pile, and the installation mode of the acquisition equipment is still not suitable for foundation pile detection of existing buildings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for detecting the quality of a foundation pile of an existing building, which can accurately judge the quality of the foundation pile and calculate the allowable bearing capacity of the foundation pile, and are efficient and low in cost.
In order to solve the technical problem, one aspect of the present invention provides a method for detecting quality of an existing building foundation pile, including the following steps:
(1) determining the arrangement positions and the drilling depths of an excitation hole for placing a pulse discharge electrode and an acquisition hole for placing an acceleration sensor according to the position relation among a foundation pile, a bearing platform and an upper building, and drilling by adopting a core drilling machine, wherein the hole bottoms of the excitation hole and the acquisition hole are the tops of the foundation pile;
(2) filling clear water into the excitation hole, placing the pulse discharge electrode and the hydrophone in the excitation hole after the excitation hole is filled with the clear water, and placing the acceleration sensor in the acquisition hole;
(3) the method comprises the steps that a power supply of pulse discharge seismic source equipment is turned on and is charged, and after a hydrophone, an acceleration sensor and a data analysis system all enter an acquisition state, a pulse discharge electrode of the pulse discharge seismic source equipment is subjected to discharge operation;
(4) the data analysis system performs time domain and frequency domain analysis on the reflected wave pressure waveform acquired by the hydrophone and the reflected wave vibration waveform acquired by the acceleration sensor, and judges whether the pile body has defects, including information such as defect types, positions, sizes and the like; and Fourier transformation is carried out on the reflected wave pressure waveform and the reflected wave vibration waveform, and judgment on the integrity of the pile body is further verified through the frequency spectrum curve characteristics.
As a preferable aspect of the method for detecting quality of foundation piles of an existing building of the present invention, in the step (4), the method further includes a step of calculating an allowable bearing capacity of a static load of a foundation pile: and calculating the dynamic stiffness value of the vibration of the foundation pile according to the curve of the pressure waveform of the reflected wave of the foundation pile acquired by the hydrophone, and obtaining the static load allowable bearing capacity of the foundation pile according to the basic principle of a dynamic measurement method.
According to the preferable scheme of the existing building foundation pile quality detection method, after the acquisition hole is drilled, rapid hardening mortar is adopted to level the bottom of the acquisition hole, an iron plate is placed on the upper portion of the rapid hardening mortar, the plane of the iron plate is parallel to the horizontal plane of the end portion of the foundation pile, and the acceleration sensor is firmly adsorbed on the iron plate through a magnetic adsorption device.
As a preferable aspect of the method for detecting the quality of the existing building foundation pile, in the step (1), the excitation hole is arranged at the center of the foundation pile, the collection hole is arranged at a position two-thirds of the radius away from the center of the foundation pile, and scum at the bottom of the hole is cleaned after the hole is drilled by a core drill.
As a preferable scheme of the method for detecting quality of foundation piles of an existing building, in the step (2), the hydrophone is located at a position lower than the middle of the excitation hole, and a pressure sensing surface of the hydrophone is parallel to a hole bottom plane of the excitation hole.
According to the preferable scheme of the existing building foundation pile quality detection method, the adjustment of the exciting force is realized by adjusting the discharge voltage of the pulse discharge seismic source equipment according to the size parameters of the foundation pile, the step (3) and the step (4) are repeated, and the comparison of multiple groups of data is carried out.
In addition, the invention also provides a quality detection device for the existing building foundation pile, which comprises a hydrophone, an acceleration sensor, pulse discharge seismic source equipment and a data analysis system; the pulse discharge seismic source equipment is provided with a pulse discharge electrode, an excitation hole and a collection hole are formed in a bearing platform at the top of a foundation pile, the hole bottom of the excitation hole and the hole bottom of the collection hole are both the top of the foundation pile, clear water is filled in the excitation hole, the pulse discharge electrode and the hydrophone are both placed in the excitation hole, the acceleration sensor is placed at the hole bottom of the collection hole, and the hydrophone and the acceleration sensor are respectively connected with the data analysis system.
As a preferable aspect of the existing building foundation pile quality detection apparatus of the present invention, the excitation hole is disposed at a central position of the foundation pile, and the collection hole is disposed at a radial position two thirds away from the center of the foundation pile.
As a preferable scheme of the existing building foundation pile quality detection device, the hydrophone is located at a position lower than the middle of the excitation hole, and a pressure sensing surface of the hydrophone is parallel to a hole bottom plane of the excitation hole.
As a preferable aspect of the existing building foundation pile quality detection apparatus according to the present invention, the existing building foundation pile quality detection apparatus further includes an amplifier, and the hydrophone and the acceleration sensor are respectively connected to the data analysis system through the amplifier.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for detecting the quality of the existing building foundation pile have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention takes the impact of the pulse discharge electrode in the exciting hole for water injection of the bearing platform as the exciting force, the exciting force generated by the discharge of the pulse discharge electrode is directly transmitted to the lower pile body of the transfer foundation pile by the water medium, the reflected wave pressure waveform and the reflected wave vibration waveform of the foundation pile under the action of the pulse discharge impact are collected by the hydrophone and the acceleration sensor which are arranged in the exciting hole and the collecting hole, the quality of the foundation pile can be accurately judged by analyzing the collected data, and whether the pile body has defects is judged, such as: the specific location, type, size, etc. of the defect; in addition, the design of the excitation holes and the collection holes avoids overlarge longitudinal wave energy attenuation caused by the fact that the bearing platform is too thick. Therefore, the method can accurately judge the quality of the foundation pile, and has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost.
(2) The method can realize the nondestructive detection of the quality of the foundation pile of the existing building, and uses pulse discharge impact in a water injection drilling hole (namely an excitation hole) as an excitation force, so that the problem that the excitation is difficult to be implemented by using a heavy hammer in narrow spaces such as a house basement and the like can be solved, and meanwhile, the interference of buildings such as a bearing platform at the upper part of the foundation pile, a raft, a shear wall and the like on the detection process is avoided.
(3) The invention adopts the water medium to conduct the exciting force, and can greatly reduce the interference of transverse waves and surface waves to detection by utilizing the characteristic that water cannot transfer shear strain.
(4) Compared with the traditional hydroelectric effect method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the integrity of the foundation pile is synchronously analyzed by adopting the reflected wave pressure waveform curve and the reflected wave vibration waveform curve, and the detection precision of the foundation pile can be greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method and a device for detecting the quality of an existing building foundation pile provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, one aspect of the present invention provides a preferred embodiment of a method for detecting quality of existing building foundation piles, which includes the following steps:
(1) according to the position relation among the foundation pile 1, the bearing platform 2 and the upper building, determining the arrangement positions and the drilling depths of an excitation hole for placing the pulse discharge electrode 3 and an acquisition hole for placing the acceleration sensor, and drilling by adopting a core drilling machine, wherein the hole bottoms of the excitation hole and the acquisition hole are the top of the foundation pile 1;
(2) filling clear water into the excitation hole, placing the pulse discharge electrode 3 and the hydrophone in the excitation hole 7 after the excitation hole is filled with the clear water, and placing the acceleration sensor in the acquisition hole 6;
(3) turning on a power supply of the pulse discharge seismic source equipment 8, charging the power supply, and discharging the pulse discharge electrode 3 of the pulse discharge seismic source equipment 8 after the hydrophone 4, the acceleration sensor 5 and the data analysis system all enter an acquisition state;
(4) the data analysis system performs time domain and frequency domain analysis on the reflected wave pressure waveform acquired by the hydrophone 4 and the reflected wave vibration waveform acquired by the acceleration sensor 5, and judges whether the pile body has defects, including information such as defect types, positions, sizes and the like; and Fourier transformation is carried out on the reflected wave pressure waveform and the reflected wave vibration waveform, and judgment on the integrity of the pile body is further verified through the frequency spectrum curve characteristics.
It should be further noted that, in the step (4), the method further includes a step of calculating the allowable bearing capacity of the foundation pile under static load: and calculating the dynamic stiffness of the foundation pile vibration according to the reflected wave pressure waveform curve of the foundation pile 1 acquired by the hydrophones 4, and obtaining the static load allowable bearing capacity of the foundation pile according to the basic principle of a dynamic measurement method.
Therefore, the invention takes the pulse discharge impact in the excitation hole 7 filled with water by the bearing platform 2 as the excitation force, the excitation force generated by the discharge of the pulse discharge electrode 3 is directly transmitted to the lower pile body of the transfer foundation pile 1 by the aqueous medium, the reflected wave pressure waveform and the reflected wave vibration waveform of the foundation pile 1 under the action of the pulse discharge impact are collected by the hydrophone 4 and the acceleration sensor 5 respectively arranged in the excitation hole 7 and the collection hole 6, the quality of the foundation pile 1 can be accurately judged by analyzing the collected data, the bearing capacity of the foundation pile 1 is estimated based on the principle of a dynamic measurement method, and whether the pile body has defects is judged, such as: the specific location, type, size, etc. of the defect; in addition, the design of the excitation holes 7 and the collection holes 6 avoids overlarge attenuation of longitudinal wave energy caused by the fact that the bearing platform 2 is too thick. Therefore, the method can accurately judge the mass of the foundation pile 1 and calculate the allowable bearing capacity of the foundation pile 1, and has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost.
The method can also realize the nondestructive detection of the quality of the existing building foundation pile, compared with the traditional low-strain reflection method, the method takes the pulse discharge impact in the water injection drilling hole as the excitation force, and can solve the problem that the excitation is difficult to be implemented by using a heavy hammer in narrow spaces such as a house basement and the like; meanwhile, the interference of buildings such as a bearing platform, a raft plate, a shear wall and the like on the upper part of the foundation pile on the detection process is avoided; in addition, the invention adopts the water medium to conduct the exciting force, and utilizes the characteristic that water can not transfer shear strain, thereby greatly reducing the interference of transverse waves and surface waves on detection; in addition, compared with the traditional hydroelectric effect method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the integrity of the foundation pile is synchronously analyzed by adopting the reflected wave pressure waveform curve and the reflected wave vibration waveform curve, and the detection precision of the foundation pile can be greatly improved.
Illustratively, after the acquisition hole 6 is drilled, rapid hardening mortar is adopted to level the bottom of the acquisition hole 6, an iron plate is placed on the upper portion of the rapid hardening mortar, the plane of the iron plate is parallel to the horizontal plane of the end portion of the foundation pile 1, the acceleration sensor 5 is firmly adsorbed on the iron plate through a magnetic adsorption device, a layer of rapid hardening mortar is coated on a mounting surface, the connection reliability of the uneven mounting surface can be improved, the acceleration sensor 5 can be firmly fixed through the iron plate, and the accuracy of the detection result of the acceleration sensor 5 is ensured.
In the step (1), the excitation hole 7 is arranged in the center of the foundation pile 1, the collection hole 6 is arranged at a position away from the center two-thirds of the radius of the foundation pile 1, and scum at the bottom of the hole is cleaned after the hole is drilled by a core drill.
In step (2), for example, the hydrophone 4 is located at a position lower than the middle of the excitation hole 7, and the pressure sensing surface of the hydrophone 4 is parallel to the hole bottom plane of the excitation hole 7, so as to ensure the accuracy of the detection result of the hydrophone 4.
Illustratively, according to the size parameters of the foundation pile 1, the discharge voltage of the pulse discharge seismic source device 8 is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the exciting force, and the step (3) and the step (4) are repeated, so that the detection precision is improved through multiple groups of data.
As shown in fig. 1, another aspect of the present invention provides a preferred embodiment of an existing building foundation pile quality detection apparatus, which includes hydrophones 4, acceleration sensors 5, pulse discharge seismic source equipment 8 and a data analysis system 10; the pulse discharge seismic source equipment 8 is provided with a pulse discharge electrode 3, an excitation hole 7 and a collection hole 6 are formed in a bearing platform 2 at the top of a foundation pile 1, the excitation hole 7 and the hole bottom of the collection hole 6 are the top of the foundation pile 1, clear water is filled in the excitation hole 7, the pulse discharge electrode 3 and the hydrophone 4 are all placed in the excitation hole 7, the acceleration sensor 5 is placed at the hole bottom of the collection hole 6, and the hydrophone 4 and the acceleration sensor 5 are respectively connected with the data analysis system 10.
Therefore, the invention takes the pulse discharge impact in the excitation hole 7 filled with water by the bearing platform 2 as the excitation force, the excitation force generated by the discharge of the pulse discharge electrode 3 is directly transmitted to the lower pile body of the transfer foundation pile 1 by the aqueous medium, the reflected wave pressure waveform and the reflected wave vibration waveform of the foundation pile 1 under the action of the pulse discharge impact are collected by the hydrophone 4 and the acceleration sensor 5 respectively arranged in the excitation hole 7 and the collection hole 6, the quality of the foundation pile 1 can be accurately judged by analyzing the collected data, the bearing capacity of the foundation pile 1 is estimated based on the principle of a dynamic measurement method, and whether the pile body has defects is judged, such as: the specific location, type, size, etc. of the defect; in addition, the design of the excitation holes 7 and the collection holes 6 avoids overlarge attenuation of longitudinal wave energy caused by the fact that the bearing platform 2 is too thick. Therefore, the method can accurately judge the mass of the foundation pile 1 and calculate the allowable bearing capacity of the foundation pile 1, and has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost.
The method can realize the nondestructive detection of the quality of the foundation pile of the existing building, compared with the traditional low-strain reflection method, the method takes the pulse discharge impact in the water injection drilling hole as the excitation force, and can solve the problem that the excitation is difficult to be implemented by using a heavy hammer in narrow spaces such as a house basement and the like; meanwhile, the interference of buildings such as a bearing platform, a raft plate, a shear wall and the like on the upper part of the foundation pile on the detection process is avoided; meanwhile, the invention adopts the water medium to conduct the exciting force, and utilizes the characteristic that water can not transfer shear strain, thereby greatly reducing the interference of transverse waves and surface waves on detection; in addition, compared with the traditional hydroelectric effect method, the method provided by the invention adopts the reflected wave pressure waveform curve and the reflected wave vibration waveform curve to synchronously analyze the integrity of the foundation pile, and can greatly improve the detection precision of the foundation pile.
Illustratively, to ensure the detection effect of the hydroelectric effect method, the excitation hole 7 is located at the center of the foundation pile 1, and the collection hole 6 is arranged at a radius position two thirds away from the center of the foundation pile 1.
Illustratively, the hydrophone 4 is located at a position lower than the middle part of the excitation hole 7, and the pressure sensing surface of the hydrophone 4 is parallel to the hole bottom plane of the excitation hole 7, so as to ensure the accuracy of the detection result of the hydrophone 4.
Illustratively, the quality detection device for the existing building foundation pile 1 according to the embodiment of the invention further includes an amplifier 9, the hydrophone 4 and the acceleration sensor 5 are respectively connected to the data analysis system 10 through the amplifier 9, and the amplifier 9 can perform power amplification on the acquired signal.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A quality detection method for existing building foundation piles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the arrangement positions and the drilling depths of an excitation hole for placing a pulse discharge electrode and an acquisition hole for placing an acceleration sensor according to the position relation among a foundation pile, a bearing platform and an upper building, and drilling by adopting a core drilling machine, wherein the hole bottoms of the excitation hole and the acquisition hole are the tops of the foundation pile;
(2) filling clear water into the excitation hole, placing the pulse discharge electrode and the hydrophone in the excitation hole after the excitation hole is filled with the clear water, and placing the acceleration sensor in the acquisition hole;
(3) the method comprises the steps that a power supply of pulse discharge seismic source equipment is turned on and is charged, and after a hydrophone, an acceleration sensor and a data analysis system all enter an acquisition state, a pulse discharge electrode of the pulse discharge seismic source equipment is subjected to discharge operation;
(4) the data analysis system performs time domain and frequency domain analysis on the reflected wave pressure waveform acquired by the hydrophone and the reflected wave vibration waveform acquired by the acceleration sensor, and judges whether the pile body has defects, including information such as defect types, positions, sizes and the like; and Fourier transformation is carried out on the reflected wave pressure waveform and the reflected wave vibration waveform, and judgment on the integrity of the pile body is further verified through the frequency spectrum curve characteristics.
2. The existing building foundation pile quality detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the method further comprises a step of calculating the static load allowable bearing capacity of the foundation pile: and calculating the dynamic stiffness value of the vibration of the foundation pile according to the curve of the pressure waveform of the reflected wave of the foundation pile acquired by the hydrophone, and obtaining the static load allowable bearing capacity of the foundation pile according to the basic principle of a dynamic measurement method.
3. The method for detecting the quality of the existing building foundation pile according to claim 1, wherein after the collection hole is drilled, rapid hardening mortar is used for leveling the bottom of the collection hole, an iron plate is placed on the upper portion of the rapid hardening mortar, the plane of the iron plate is parallel to the horizontal plane of the end portion of the foundation pile, and the acceleration sensor is firmly adsorbed on the iron plate by a magnetic adsorption device.
4. The existing building foundation pile quality detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the excitation hole is arranged at the center of the foundation pile, the collection hole is arranged at a position two-thirds of the radius away from the center of the foundation pile, and scum at the bottom of the hole is cleaned after the hole is drilled by a core drill.
5. The existing building foundation pile quality detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the hydrophone is located at a position lower than the middle of the excitation hole, and the pressure sensing surface of the hydrophone is parallel to the hole bottom plane of the excitation hole.
6. The existing building foundation pile quality detection method of claim 4, wherein the adjustment of the magnitude of the exciting force is realized by adjusting the discharge voltage of the pulse discharge seismic source equipment according to the foundation pile size parameters, and the step (3) and the step (4) are repeated, and the comparison is carried out through multiple groups of data.
7. A quality detection device for existing building foundation piles is characterized by comprising a hydrophone, an acceleration sensor, pulse discharge seismic source equipment and a data analysis system; the pulse discharge seismic source equipment is provided with a pulse discharge electrode, an excitation hole and a collection hole are formed in a bearing platform at the top of a foundation pile, the excitation hole and the hole bottom of the collection hole are the top of the foundation pile, the excitation hole is arranged in the central position of the foundation pile, the collection hole is arranged at a distance from the central two-thirds radius position of the foundation pile, clear water is filled in the excitation hole, the pulse discharge electrode and a hydrophone are placed in the excitation hole, an acceleration sensor is placed at the hole bottom of the collection hole, and the hydrophone and the acceleration sensor are respectively connected with a data analysis system.
8. The existing building foundation pile quality detection device of claim 7, wherein the hydrophone is located below the middle of the excitation hole, and the pressure sensing surface of the hydrophone is parallel to the hole bottom plane of the excitation hole.
9. The existing building foundation pile quality detection apparatus of claim 7, further comprising an amplifier, wherein said hydrophone and said acceleration sensor are respectively connected to said data analysis system through said amplifier.
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| CN201811218383.4A CN111042215A (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2018-10-15 | Existing building foundation pile quality detection method and device |
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| CN201811218383.4A CN111042215A (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2018-10-15 | Existing building foundation pile quality detection method and device |
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| CN112211236A (en) * | 2020-11-15 | 2021-01-12 | 江龙 | Engineering pile body defect detection method |
| CN113295358A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-24 | 河北中核岩土工程有限责任公司 | Constant disturbance dynamic load test system |
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| CN113295358B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-03-14 | 河北中核岩土工程有限责任公司 | Constant disturbance dynamic load test system |
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