CN109467369B - Extruded side wall concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Extruded side wall concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109467369B CN109467369B CN201811639380.8A CN201811639380A CN109467369B CN 109467369 B CN109467369 B CN 109467369B CN 201811639380 A CN201811639380 A CN 201811639380A CN 109467369 B CN109467369 B CN 109467369B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00293—Materials impermeable to liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses an extruded side wall concrete and a preparation method thereof; the extruded side wall concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: water: 89-123 parts; cement: 76-105 parts; fine aggregate: 1096 part 1203; coarse aggregate: 798-; additive: 3-8.5 parts; barrier composition: 4.9-13.2 parts; the cement is ordinary Portland cement with the strength grade of 42.5; the additive consists of a pumping agent and an accelerating agent; the anti-permeability composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: water reducing agent, expanding agent, air entraining agent and silica fume. According to the invention, the water aqua, the expanding agent, the air entraining agent and the silica fume are added into the extruded side wall concrete, so that the effects of improving the compactness and impermeability of the extruded side wall concrete are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to concrete, in particular to extruded side wall concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The construction of the upstream slope of the concrete face slab dam is always a key link for controlling the filling progress of the dam and influencing the quality of the dam. The technology of concrete extrusion type side wall slope protection is a new method for constructing the upstream slope surface of a concrete panel rock-fill dam, the extrusion end surface of the side wall is asymmetric trapezoid, the side wall is adaptive to deformation of a cushion area in a hinged mode, a cavity is prevented from being formed at the bottom of the side wall due to rolling failure, and adverse effects on a panel are effectively controlled.
Chinese patent No. CN 205382466U discloses a concrete face rockfill dam, which is suitable for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering; the dam comprises a dam body and a concrete toe board arranged at the upstream end of the dam body, wherein an extrusion side wall is arranged on the slope surface of the dam body between the concrete toe board and the dam top, a concrete panel covers the extrusion side wall, a grouting gallery is arranged in the concrete toe board, a grouting curtain is arranged at the bottom of the grouting gallery, and the downstream of the concrete toe board is connected with a concrete impermeable board positioned below a concrete panel rock-fill dam; a plurality of cutting seams arranged along the slope surface are cut on the extrusion side wall; and a groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the structure seam of the concrete panel, of the extrusion side wall, a cushion material is backfilled in the groove and compacted, and mortar is smeared on the surface of the cushion material.
The need to achieve low strength and low modulus of elasticity for extruded side wall concrete panels means that the amount of cement is greatly reduced, resulting in a reduction in the impermeability of the concrete. It is desirable to provide extruded side wall concrete that has good impermeability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the extruded side wall concrete which has the advantage of improving the anti-permeability effect of the concrete.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the extruded side wall concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight:
water: 89-123 parts;
cement: 76-105 parts;
fine aggregate: 1096 part 1203;
coarse aggregate: 798-;
additive: 3-8.5 parts;
barrier composition: 4.9-13.2 parts;
the cement is ordinary Portland cement with the strength grade of 42.5;
the additive consists of a pumping agent and an accelerator;
the anti-permeability composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: water reducing agent, expanding agent, air entraining agent and silica fume.
By adopting the technical scheme, the workability of the concrete can be improved by adding the pumping agent and the accelerating agent, and the solidification speed of the concrete is accelerated, so that the construction efficiency is improved. The silica fume is also called micro silica powder, and the main components are silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide and the like. The average grain diameter of the silica fume is 0.1-0.3 mu m, the specific surface area is 20-28m/g, the fineness and the specific surface area are about 80-100 times of those of cement, and 50-70 times of fly ash, so that the gaps in the extruded side wall concrete can be effectively filled, and the anti-permeability effect is improved. In addition, the use of the silica fume can reduce the using amount of cement, thereby ensuring the low strength of the extruded side wall concrete.
The air entraining agent can improve the uniformity of the extruded side wall concrete in the mixing process, thereby improving the compactness of the solidified extruded side wall concrete and enhancing the anti-permeability effect.
More preferably: the barrier composition also includes bamboo fibers.
By adopting the technical scheme, the bamboo fiber is cellulose fiber extracted from naturally growing bamboos, and has good air permeability, instant water absorbability and strong wear resistance. The bamboo fiber is added into the extruded side wall concrete, so that the water absorption of the solidified extruded side wall concrete can be improved, the compactness of the extruded side wall concrete is enhanced, and the anti-seepage effect is improved.
More preferably: the pumping agent and the accelerating agent are respectively 0.9-2.3 parts and 2.1-6.2 parts by weight; the anti-permeability composition comprises the following components in parts by weight:
water reducing agent: 0.2-1.1 parts;
swelling agent: 0.1-0.5 part;
air entraining agent: 0.1-0.6 part;
bamboo fiber: 0.3-1.2 parts;
silica fume: 4.2-9.8 parts;
the expanding agent is lime expanding agent, and the air entraining agent is non-rosin air entraining agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, experiments show that the additive and the anti-permeability composition in the proportion have better anti-permeability effect. The degree of fit between the lime-based expanding agent and the cement is relatively high. The expansion of the lime-based expanding agent is divided into two stages: in the first stage, gel-like Ca (OH) is formed in the gaps between cement particle skeletons at the initial stage of cement hydration2(ii) a The second stage, starting from the recrystallization of Ca (OH)2, in the cement hydration reaction until the Ca (OH)2 crystals are all converted into large foreign bodiesThe crystallization is finished after the crystal is shaped into a hexagonal plate. Thereby being capable of continuously improving the compactness and the anti-permeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete.
More preferably: the length of the bamboo fiber is 5-10 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the connectivity of each part of the extruded side wall concrete is improved, so that the generation of cracks is reduced, and the anti-permeability effect is improved. Experiments show that the bamboo fiber with the length can ensure that the extruded side wall concrete has good strength after being solidified and has good anti-permeability effect.
More preferably: the expanding agent is calcium sulphoaluminate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the compaction degree and the anti-permeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete are further improved under the combined action of the cement and the concrete.
More preferably: the water reducing agent is a naphthyl high-efficiency water reducing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the high-efficiency water reducing agent has strong dispersion effect on cement, so that the workability of extruding the side wall concrete is improved while the water consumption is reduced. The water consumption can be greatly reduced, so that the strength of the extruded side wall concrete at each age is obviously improved. When the strength is kept constant, 10% or more of cement can be saved.
More preferably: the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with the particle size of 5-20 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the compactness and the anti-permeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete are improved.
More preferably: and the fine aggregate is river sand with a fineness modulus of medium sand.
By adopting the technical scheme, the river sand has higher density, and the compactness of the extruded side wall concrete can be improved. Secondly, if sea sand is used, the sea sand contains a large amount of chloride ions, which can accelerate the carbonization of the extruded side wall concrete and even cause cracks.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the extruded side wall concrete.
In order to achieve the second purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of extruded side wall concrete comprises the following steps:
s1, taking coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement and water in corresponding weight parts, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture;
and S2, adding the additive and the anti-permeability composition into the first mixture in corresponding parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete final mixture.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hydration effect of cement can be improved, and the integral uniformity and compactness of the extruded side wall concrete can be improved.
More preferably: in the step S2, adding the bamboo fiber, the silica fume, the pumping agent and the expanding agent in corresponding parts by weight into the first mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a second mixture; and then adding the air entraining agent, the accelerator and the water reducing agent in corresponding parts by weight into the second mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete final mixture.
By adopting the technical scheme, the integral uniformity of the extruded side wall concrete is further improved. The air entraining agent, the accelerating agent and the water reducing agent are added at last, so that the compactness of the extruded side wall concrete can be improved, and the effects of the water reducing agent and the accelerating agent are improved.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: by adding the water agent, the expanding agent, the air entraining agent and the silica fume into the extruded side wall concrete, the effects of improving the compactness and impermeability of the extruded side wall concrete are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: an extruded side wall concrete comprising the components and corresponding parts by weight as set forth in table 1 and prepared by the steps of:
s1, taking coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement and water in corresponding weight parts, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture;
s2, adding the bamboo fiber, the silica fume, the pumping agent and the expanding agent in corresponding parts by weight into the first mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a second mixture; and then adding the air entraining agent, the accelerator and the water reducing agent in corresponding parts by weight into the second mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete final mixture.
Wherein the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-20mm grain size in continuous gradation; the fine aggregate is river sand with fineness modulus of medium sand. The expanding agent is calcium sulphoaluminate, the pumping agent is a high-efficiency pumping agent, the water reducing agent is a naphthyl high-efficiency water reducing agent, and the air entraining agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The length of the bamboo fiber is 8 cm.
Examples 2 to 6: the only difference between the extruded side wall concrete and the concrete in example 1 is that the parts by weight of some components are different, and the specific components and the corresponding parts by weight are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Components and their corresponding parts by weight in examples 1-6
Examples 7 to 9: the extruded side wall concrete is different from the concrete in example 1 in the weight parts of the expanding agent and the air entraining agent, and the specific components and the corresponding weight parts are shown in the table 2.
Examples 10 to 11: the extruded side wall concrete is different from the concrete in the embodiment 1 in the weight parts of cement and silica fume, and the specific components and the corresponding weight parts are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 Components from examples 7-11 and their corresponding parts by weight
Example 12: an extruded side wall concrete, the only difference from example 1, did not contain bamboo fibres.
Examples 13 to 14: the only difference between the extruded side wall concrete and the concrete in the example 1 is that the weight parts of the bamboo fiber are 0.3 part and 1.2 parts respectively.
Examples 15 to 16: an extruded side wall concrete differs from example 1 only in that the bamboo fibres are 5cm and 10cm in length respectively.
Example 17: an extruded side wall concrete, which is different from the concrete prepared in example 1 only in that the extruded side wall concrete is prepared by the following steps:
s1, taking coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement and water in corresponding weight parts, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture;
and S2, adding the additive and the anti-permeability composition into the first mixture in corresponding parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete final mixture.
Comparative examples 1 to 5: an extruded side wall concrete, which is different from the concrete of example 1 only in that the parts by weight of some components are different, and the specific components and the corresponding parts by weight are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Components and corresponding parts by weight in comparative examples 1-5
Comparative example 6: an extruded side wall concrete differing from example 1 only in that the bamboo fibres were 15cm in length.
Comparative example 7: an extruded side wall concrete, which is different from the concrete prepared in example 1 only in that it is prepared by the following method: taking coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement, additive and impervious composition in corresponding parts by weight, and uniformly mixing; and then adding water in corresponding parts by weight into the uniformly mixed mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the final concrete mixture.
Experiment one: compressive strength test sample: examples 1, 7-9 and 12-17 were selected as test samples 1-10, and comparative examples 2-3 and 5-7 were selected as control samples 1-5.
The test method comprises the following steps: 15 groups of test samples 1-10 and control samples 1-5 are selected, the extruded side wall concrete is prepared by the method, the extruded side wall concrete is placed into a die for prefabricating concrete test blocks of 200mm multiplied by 200mm, and 3 standard test blocks are poured in each group. And (5) placing the standard test block into a standard curing room for curing, and removing the mold after 7 days. And when the extruded side wall concrete test blocks reach the age of 28 days, performing a compressive strength test on the extruded side wall concrete test blocks of each group, and taking the average value of the compressive strength values of the 3 extruded side wall concrete test blocks as the average compressive strength value of the group.
And (3) test results: the compressive strength ratings for the samples of groups 1-12 are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 average crush strength Table (Mpa) for samples from groups 1-15
| Numbering | Average compressive strength | Numbering | Average compressive strength | Numbering | Average compressive strength |
| Example 1 | 4.8 | Example 13 | 4.0 | Comparative example 2 | 4.1 |
| Example 7 | 4.1 | Example 14 | 5.6 | Comparative example 3 | 6.8 |
| Example 8 | 5.1 | Example 15 | 4.3 | Comparative example 5 | 6.3 |
| Example 9 | 5.3 | Example 16 | 5.5 | Comparative example 6 | 6.1 |
| Example 12 | 4.2 | Example 17 | 4.3 | Comparative example 7 | 3.7 |
As can be seen from the comparison of examples 1, 7-9 and comparative examples 2-3, the addition of the barrier composition improves the compressive strength of the extruded sidewall concrete. Meanwhile, the expanding agent and the air entraining agent have a good contribution effect on the compressive strength of the extruded side wall concrete, and the expanding agent can greatly improve the compressive strength of the extruded side wall concrete. When the amount of the expanding agent is too much, the solidified compactness of the extruded side wall concrete is higher, so that the compressive strength of the extruded side wall concrete exceeds the required range.
As can be seen from the comparison of examples 1, 12 to 16 and comparative examples 5 to 6, the compressive strength of the extruded side wall concrete can be improved by the bamboo fibers, and the compressive strength of the extruded side wall concrete tends to be increased as the content of the bamboo fibers increases. However, when the content of the bamboo fiber is small, the influence on the compressive strength of the extruded side wall concrete is not great. Meanwhile, when the length of the bamboo fiber is short, the improvement of the compressive strength of the extruded side wall concrete is not obvious.
As is apparent from comparison of examples 1, 17 and comparative example 7, the extruded side wall concrete has better compressive strength when the extruded side wall concrete is prepared by the preparation method of example 1. When the method of example 17 was used, the air-entraining agent and the setting accelerator were used in advance, which led to early setting of the extruded side wall concrete, and reduced compressive strength after final setting after the extruded side wall concrete was poured. When the method of comparative example 7 is used, the cement in the raw material cannot be completely hydrated, resulting in a decrease in compressive strength.
Experiment two: experimental sample for impermeability effect: example 1 and examples 4-17 were selected as test samples 1-15, and comparative examples 2-7 were selected as control samples 1-6.
The test method comprises the following steps: selecting 21 groups of test samples 1-15 and control samples 1-6, preparing the extruded side wall concrete by the method, putting the extruded side wall concrete into a prefabricated circular truncated cone-shaped mould with the upper opening diameter of 175mm, the lower opening diameter of 185mm and the height of 150mm, and pouring 3 extruded side wall concrete test blocks in each group. And (5) placing the standard test block into a standard curing room for curing, and removing the mold after 7 days. When the extruded side wall concrete test blocks reach the age of 28 days, carrying out an impermeability test on the extruded side wall concrete test blocks of each group on an impermeability instrument, and obtaining an average value of impermeability coefficients of 3 extruded side wall concrete test blocks through conversion as the impermeability coefficient of the group, wherein the smaller the impermeability coefficient is, the better the impermeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete test blocks is.
And (3) test results: the compressive strength ratings for the samples of groups 1-12 are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 impermeability factor tables (x 10-3cm/s) for samples from groups 1-21
| Numbering | Coefficient of permeability resistance | Numbering | Coefficient of permeability resistance | Numbering | Coefficient of permeability resistance |
| Example 1 | 1.62 | Example 10 | 2.91 | Example 17 | 1.78 |
| Example 4 | 1.56 | Example 11 | 2.01 | Comparative example 2 | 9.65 |
| Example 5 | 3.52 | Example 12 | 3.9 | Comparative example 3 | 3.64 |
| Example 6 | 4.31 | Example 13 | 3.1 | Comparative example 4 | 2.78 |
| Example 7 | 4.51 | Example 14 | 2.6 | Comparative example 5 | 1.9 |
| Example 8 | 1.33 | Example 15 | 2.12 | Comparative example 6 | 2.01 |
| Example 9 | 1.31 | Example 16 | 1.98 | Comparative example 7 | 4.53 |
As can be seen from comparison of examples 1 and 4-6, the addition of the pumping aid, the accelerator and the water reducer is beneficial to improving the anti-permeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete. And, when the contents of the pumping aid, the accelerator and the water reducer are excessive, the anti-permeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete is reduced.
As can be seen from the comparison of examples 1, 7-9 and comparative examples 2-3, the addition of the anti-permeability composition can improve the anti-permeability effect of the extruded sidewall concrete. Meanwhile, the expanding agent and the air entraining agent have good contribution to the anti-permeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete. When the amount of the expanding agent or the air entraining agent is too much, the anti-permeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete is reduced. The air entraining agent can generate dense and fine bubbles in the mixing process of the extrusion side wall concrete, the internal uniformity of the extrusion side wall concrete can be improved, but too much air entraining agent can cause too much bubbles generated in the extrusion side wall concrete to cause the reduction of compactness.
As can be seen from comparison of examples 1, 10 to 11, comparative example 2 and comparative example 4, the addition of silica fume can improve the impermeability of extruded side wall concrete. Meanwhile, when the silica fume content is increased and the cement content is reduced, the anti-permeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete is not remarkably reduced. That is to say, the silica fume can replace cement, when improving the inside closely knit degree of extrusion side wall concrete for the compressive strength of extrusion side wall concrete increases unobviously, thereby makes the compressive strength of extrusion side wall concrete be in the demand within range.
As can be seen from the comparison of examples 1, 12 to 16 and comparative examples 5 to 6, the bamboo fibers are advantageous in improving the impermeability of extruded side wall concrete. However, as the content of the bamboo fiber increases, the anti-permeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete is not remarkably enhanced. Meanwhile, when the length of the bamboo fiber is short, the improvement of the compressive strength of the extruded side wall concrete is not obvious. The extrusion sidewall concrete exhibited the best impermeability when the length of the bamboo fiber was reduced to that of example 1. When the length of the bamboo fiber is longer, the anti-permeability effect of the extruded side wall concrete is in a descending trend.
As is apparent from comparison of examples 1 and 17 with comparative example 7, extruded side wall concrete has a superior anti-permeability effect when the extruded side wall concrete is prepared by the preparation method of example 1. When the preparation method of example 17 is adopted, the effects of the air entraining agent and the accelerator are exerted in advance, so that the initial setting of the extruded side wall concrete is caused in advance, the hydration effect of the cement is reduced, the compactness inside the extruded side wall concrete is reduced, and the anti-permeability effect is reduced. When the method of comparison 7 is adopted, the hydration effect of the cement in the raw materials is poorer, so that the compressive strength is reduced and the anti-permeability effect is not good.
In summary, the compressive strength and barrier coefficient of the extruded sidewall concrete obtained were optimized when the weight parts of the components and the preparation method provided in example 1 were used.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The extruded side wall concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
water: 89-123 parts;
cement: 76-105 parts;
fine aggregate: 1096 part 1203;
coarse aggregate: 798-;
additive: 3-8.5 parts;
barrier composition: 4.9-13.2 parts;
the cement is ordinary Portland cement with the strength grade of 42.5;
the additive consists of a pumping agent and an accelerator;
the anti-permeability composition comprises the following components in parts by weight:
water reducing agent: 0.2-1.1 parts;
swelling agent: 0.1-0.5 part;
air entraining agent: 0.1-0.6 part;
bamboo fiber: 0.3-1.2 parts;
silica fume: 4.2 to 9.8 portions.
2. The extruded sidewall concrete of claim 1, wherein the parts by weight of the pumping aid and the accelerating agent are 0.9-2.3 parts and 2.1-6.2 parts, respectively; the expanding agent is lime expanding agent, and the air entraining agent is non-rosin air entraining agent.
3. An extruded sidewall concrete according to claim 1, wherein the bamboo fibres have a length of 5-10 cm.
4. An extruded sidewall concrete according to claim 1, wherein the expansion agent is calcium sulfoaluminate.
5. The extruded sidewall concrete of claim 1, wherein the water reducer is a naphthalene based superplasticizer.
6. An extruded side wall concrete according to claim 1 wherein said coarse aggregate is selected from crushed stone having a particle size of 5 to 20 mm.
7. An extruded sidewall concrete according to claim 6, wherein the fine aggregate is selected from river sand having a fineness modulus of medium sand.
8. A method of preparing extruded side wall concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, taking coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement and water in corresponding weight parts, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture;
and S2, adding the additive and the anti-permeability composition into the first mixture in corresponding parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete final mixture.
9. The method for preparing extruded side wall concrete according to claim 8, wherein in step S2, the bamboo fiber, the silica fume, the pumping agent and the expanding agent are added into the first mixture in corresponding parts by weight, and mixed uniformly to obtain a second mixture; and then adding the air entraining agent, the accelerator and the water reducing agent in corresponding parts by weight into the second mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concrete final mixture.
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