CN109463086B - Fertilizing device and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizing device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109463086B CN109463086B CN201811383216.5A CN201811383216A CN109463086B CN 109463086 B CN109463086 B CN 109463086B CN 201811383216 A CN201811383216 A CN 201811383216A CN 109463086 B CN109463086 B CN 109463086B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/12—Fertiliser distributors with movable parts of the receptacle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D13/00—Control of linear speed; Control of angular speed; Control of acceleration or deceleration, e.g. of a prime mover
- G05D13/62—Control of linear speed; Control of angular speed; Control of acceleration or deceleration, e.g. of a prime mover characterised by the use of electric means, e.g. use of a tachometric dynamo, use of a transducer converting an electric value into a displacement
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, and provides a fertilizing device and a control method thereof, wherein the fertilizing device comprises: the device comprises at least one fertilizer box, a stirring cage mechanism arranged in the fertilizer box, a fertilizer discharging mechanism arranged at a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box and a fertilizer conveying mechanism connected with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharging mechanism; the fertilizer box is arranged behind the rice transplanter and is positioned at the upper part of a seedling claw of the rice transplanter; the stirring cage mechanism is used for stirring the fertilizer in the fertilizer box so as to discharge the fertilizer from a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box to the fertilizer discharging mechanism; the fertilizer discharging mechanism is used for discharging the fertilizer to the fertilizer conveying mechanism so that the fertilizer conveying mechanism conveys the fertilizer into the field. The fertilizing device provided by the invention provides more moving space for the operating personnel of the rice transplanter; meanwhile, the interference between the fertilizing device and the parts of the rice transplanter is effectively avoided. And the stirring cage mechanism is arranged in the fertilizer box, so that the fertilizer caked in the fertilizer box can be smoothly discharged during fertilization, the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box is prevented from being blocked, and the fertilization efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a fertilizing device and a control method thereof.
Background
The traditional fertilizing method has large fertilizing amount and low fertilizer utilization efficiency, causes uneven fertilizer absorption of rice seedlings, causes uneven rice height and large difference of the size of the heading, and directly influences the rice yield. And the traditional paddy field fertilization mode can not position the fertilizer to be applied deeply, the fertilizer loss is large, the surface fertilizer is easily discharged into ditches outside the paddy field in the paddy field, and the ecological environment is seriously influenced. In contrast, a paddy field side body fertilization technology is researched, fertilizer is applied to one side of rice seedlings when rice is transplanted, the fertilizer utilization efficiency is high, and the fertilizing amount can be reduced by 20% -25%.
With the popularization of the side deep fertilization technology, the rice transplanting synchronous fertilizer applicator becomes a new market demand. But at present, the paddy field side deep fertilizer applicator is not widely popularized and has less matched equipment. Most of the prior fertilizer applicators adopt a mechanical driving fertilizer applicator, a transmission shaft which is independently designed on a gearbox of the rice transplanter is used for providing power for the fertilizer applicator, the structure increases the transmission load of the rice transplanter, and if the prior fertilizer applicator is additionally provided with fertilizer applying equipment, the failure rate of the transmission system is increased due to insufficient strength. In addition, the mechanical transmission fertilizer discharging adjusts the fertilizing amount under different advancing speeds of the rice transplanter by matching the rotating speed of the output shaft of the gearbox with the vehicle speed, but the working condition of the paddy field is complex, the wheels of the rice transplanter are easy to slip, and the matching degree of the fertilizer discharging rotating speed and the rice transplanter speed is poor, so that the fertilizing amount of the fertilizer applicator is uneven.
The existing transplanting synchronous fertilizer applicator is mostly arranged on a pedal behind a driving position of the transplanting machine, and the arrangement mode reduces the walking and standing space of an operator, thereby causing troubles to the movement of the operator. The fertilizer applicator is arranged on the pedal, the fertilizer conveying falling distance is long, the fertilizer conveying falling process is easy to block, and the fertilizer application uniformity is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a fertilizing device and a control method thereof, and aims to at least solve one of technical problems in the prior art or the related art.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a fertilizer apparatus, comprising: the device comprises at least one fertilizer box, a stirring cage mechanism arranged in the fertilizer box, a fertilizer discharging mechanism arranged at a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box and a fertilizer conveying mechanism connected with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharging mechanism; the fertilizer box is arranged behind the rice transplanter, is positioned at the upper part of a seedling claw of the rice transplanter and is used for loading fertilizer in the field; the stirring cage mechanism is used for stirring the fertilizer in the fertilizer box so as to discharge the fertilizer from a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box to the fertilizer discharging mechanism; the fertilizer discharging mechanism is used for discharging the fertilizer to the fertilizer conveying mechanism, so that the fertilizer conveying mechanism conveys the fertilizer into a field.
The invention also provides a control method of the fertilizing device, which comprises the following steps: when the transplanter is in a working state, acquiring a target rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism and acquiring a real-time rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism according to the target fertilizing amount and the position information of the transplanter; and adjusting the rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism based on the target rotating speed and the real-time rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the fertilizer applying device and the control method thereof provided by the invention, the whole fertilizer applying device is arranged on the body of the rice transplanter above the seedling claw, so that the fertilizer applying device is prevented from being arranged on a pedal of the rice transplanter, and more moving space is provided for operators of the rice transplanter; meanwhile, the interference between the fertilizing device and the parts of the rice transplanter is effectively avoided. And the stirring cage mechanism is arranged in the fertilizer box, so that the fertilizer caked in the fertilizer box can be smoothly discharged during fertilization, the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box is prevented from being blocked, and the fertilization efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the positional relationship of a fertilizing apparatus and a rice transplanter provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a fertilizing apparatus as shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the stirring cage mechanism provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the position relationship between the stirring cage mechanism and the fertilizer discharging mechanism provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of a fertilizer discharging mechanism provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the positional relationship between the fertilizer discharging mechanism and the fertilizer discharging mechanism provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a GPS control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a rice transplanter according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a block flow diagram of a control method of a fertilizing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block flow diagram of another preferred embodiment of a method for controlling a fertilizing apparatus according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1-a rice transplanter; 2-a pedal; 3-a fertilizing device; 4-fertilizer box; 5-a first scaffold; 6-a stirring cage mechanism; 601-a spring stirring cage; 602-a first stir bar; 603-a stirring shaft; 604-a second stir bar; 605-driven wheel; 606-a synchronous belt; 607-driving wheel; 7-a fertilizer discharging mechanism; 701-a fertilizer discharging shaft; 702-a flow blocking brush; 703-an upper shell; 704-a sliding sleeve; 705-fertilizer wheel; 706-a lower housing; 707-clutch pulley; 708-a second stop feature; 709-an elastic member; 710-a retaining ring; 711-a first stop member; 8-blast pipe; 9-fixing the whole machine; 10-a trenching plate; 11-fertilizer conveying port; 12-a first mount; 13-a fertilizer conveying pipe; 14-a second support; 15-a mixing chamber; 1601-unloading the fertilizer plate; 1602-fertilizer unloading slide; 17-a fan; 18-a fertilization control structure; 19-seedling claws; 20-a GPS antenna; 21-a fertilizer position sensor; 22-a motor; 23-job status sensor.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the fertilizing apparatus 3 according to the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fertilizing apparatus 3 comprising: the device comprises at least one fertilizer box 4, a stirring cage mechanism 6 arranged in the fertilizer box 4, a fertilizer discharging mechanism 7 arranged at a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4 and a fertilizer conveying mechanism connected with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7; the fertilizer box 4 is arranged behind the rice transplanter 1 and on the upper part of a seedling claw 19 of the rice transplanter 1 and is used for loading fertilizer in the field; the stirring cage mechanism 6 is used for stirring the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 4 so as to discharge the fertilizer from a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4 to the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7; the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7 is used for discharging fertilizer to the fertilizer conveying mechanism, so that the fertilizer conveying mechanism conveys the fertilizer into the field.
Specifically, the fertilizing device 3 can be used synchronously with the rice transplanter 1, for example, the fertilizer box 4 is fixed on the whole machine fixing plate 9 through the first bracket 5, and the whole machine fixing plate 9 is connected with the rear side of the body of the rice transplanter 1; that is, the fertilizer box 4 is fixed to the body of the rice transplanter 1 above the seedling claw 19 by the first bracket 5. For example, the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7 is fixed on the whole machine fixing plate 9 through a second bracket 14; for example, the fertilizer feeding mechanism is fixed on the whole fixing plate 9 by the first fixing frame 12, so that the whole fertilizer applying device 3 can be fixed on the whole fixing plate 9. When the rice transplanting and fertilizing are needed, fertilizer can be loaded into the fertilizer box 4, and the caked fertilizer is broken through the stirring cage mechanism 6 in the fertilizer box 4, so that the fertilizer can be smoothly discharged into the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7 from the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4. Then, the fertilizer is discharged into the fertilizer conveying mechanism through the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7; and then, the fertilizer conveying mechanism conveys the fertilizer into soil in the field.
In the embodiment, the whole fertilizing device 3 is arranged on the body of the rice transplanter 1 above the seedling claw 19, so that the fertilizing device 3 is prevented from being arranged on the pedal 2 of the rice transplanter 1, and more moving space is provided for the operator of the rice transplanter 1; meanwhile, the interference between the fertilizing device 3 and the parts of the rice transplanter 1 is effectively avoided. And set up in fertile case 4 and stir cage mechanism 6 for the fertilizer of caking also can be more smooth and easy discharge in fertile case 4 during the fertilization, has avoided fertile mouthful of play of fertile case 4 to take place to block up, has also improved fertilization efficiency simultaneously.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the stirring cage mechanism 6 includes: a stirring cage shaft, a spring stirring cage 601 and a stirring rod; the stirring shaft 603 is rotatably arranged above the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4; the spring stirring cage 601 is sleeved on the stirring shaft 603, and two ends of the spring stirring cage 601 are respectively connected with the action end of the stirring rod; the connecting end of the stirring rod is connected with the stirring shaft 603. For example, the stirring cage shaft is rotated by the motor 22; for example, one end of the stirring cage shaft extending out of the fertilizer box 4 is connected with the driven wheel 605, the output shaft of the motor 22 is connected with the driving wheel 607, and the synchronous belt 606 is wound on the driven wheel 605 and the driving wheel 607; when the motor 22 operates, the driving wheel 607 is driven to operate, and the driven wheel 605 is driven to operate synchronously by the driving wheel 607, so that the driven wheel 605 drives the stirring shaft 603 to rotate.
The stirring shaft 603 is rotatably arranged above the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4; sleeving the spring stirring cage 601 on the stirring shaft 603, wherein the end part of the spring stirring cage 601 is connected with the action end of the stirring rod, namely the spring stirring cage 601 is arranged between the stirring rods; the connecting end of the stirring rod is connected with the stirring cage shaft, for example, the connecting relationship is a fixed connection or a detachable connection, and the like. When fertilizer is exported from fertile case 4, rotatable (mixing) shaft 603 drives the spring and stirs cage 601 and stirring portion and rotate together, can smash the fertilizer of unloading from the play fertile mouth of fertile case 4, and then make fertilizer spill the soil the inside more evenly. The utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the pitch and the diameter of the spring stirring cage 601 are gradually increased along the axis of the stirring shaft 603 toward the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4; and/or the stirring rods are cross-shaped stirring rods, and the cross-shaped stirring rods positioned at the two ends of the spring stirring cage 601 are staggered by 30-50 degrees along the radial direction of the stirring shaft 603. For example, the stirring shaft 603 is arranged horizontally; the pitch and the diameter of the spring stirring cage 601 can be gradually increased along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 603, the end with the larger pitch and the larger diameter of the spring stirring cage 601 is positioned above the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4, and the end with the smaller pitch and the smaller diameter is close to the side wall of the fertilizer box 4. And, setting the stirring rod as a cross-shaped stirring rod, the cross-shaped stirring rod connected to the end of the spring stirring cage 601 having the smaller pitch and diameter may be set relatively smaller (i.e., the first stirring rod 602), and the cross-shaped stirring rod connected to the end of the spring stirring cage 601 having the larger pitch and diameter may be set relatively larger (i.e., the second stirring rod 604). The first stirring rod 602 and the second stirring rod 604 are staggered with a certain angle along the radial direction of the stirring shaft 603, so that the first stirring rod 602 and the second stirring rod 604 can uniformly stir the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 4, for example, the first stirring rod 602 and the second stirring rod 604 are staggered with 45 degrees along the radial direction of the fertilizer box 4.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7 includes: a fertilizer discharging shell, a flow blocking brush 702, a fertilizer discharging shaft 701 and a fertilizer discharging wheel 705; the fertilizer discharging shell is positioned at the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4, and the fertilizer inlet of the fertilizer discharging shell is communicated with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4; the fertilizer discharging shaft 701 penetrates through the fertilizer discharging shell; the fertilizer wheel 705 is positioned in the fertilizer shell and can be rotatably sleeved on the fertilizer shaft 701; the flow-resisting brush 702 is arranged at the upper part in the fertilizer discharging shell, and the action end of the flow-resisting brush 702 is contacted with the fertilizer discharging wheel 705.
For example, the fertilizer discharging casing is mounted at the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4 through a connector (e.g., a bolt and a nut). For example, the fertilizer discharge housing may be opened; for example, the fertilizer discharging housing comprises an upper housing 703 and a lower housing 706 which are symmetrically arranged, and the upper housing 703 and the lower housing 706 are detachably connected. And the fertilizer inlet of the fertilizer discharging shell is communicated with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4, and the opening on the upper shell 703 is communicated with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4. For example, the choked flow brush 702 is a brush such as a brush that brushes up the fertilizer on the fertilizer wheel 705; for example, the flow blocking brushes 702 may slide into the upper housing 703 through grooved tracks on both sidewalls of the upper housing 703. For example, the fertilizer shaft 701 is a hexagonal shaft or the like; for example, the fertilizer shaft 701 is disposed between the upper housing 703 and the lower housing 706; for example, a set of sliding bushings 704 may be disposed at the shoulders of the two sides of the fertilizer wheel 705, and the outer circles of the sliding bushings 704 are respectively engaged with the upper housing 703 and the lower housing 706. For example, the fertilizing wheel 705 may have two rows of fertilizing slots on its circular surface; and the fertilizer wheel 705 is rotatably sleeved on the fertilizer shaft 701 even if the fertilizer shaft 701 passes through a central circular hole of the fertilizer wheel 705. For example, the fertilizer shaft 701 may be arranged parallel to the blender shaft.
When fertilizer is output from the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4, the fertilizer enters the fertilizer discharging shell from the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4 and falls into the fertilizer discharging groove of the fertilizer discharging wheel 705; because the action end of the flow-resisting brush 702 is contacted with the surface of the fertilizer-discharging wheel 705, the flow-resisting brush 702 can brush up the fertilizer in the fertilizer-discharging groove by rotating the fertilizer-discharging wheel 705, and the fertilizer falls into the fertilizer-conveying mechanism from the fertilizer-discharging opening of the fertilizer-discharging shell. And then, the fertilizer conveying mechanism conveys the fertilizer into soil in the field.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7 further includes: a clutch wheel 707, an elastic member 709, a retainer ring 710, and a first stopper member 711; the clutch wheel 707, the elastic component 709 and the retainer ring 710 are sequentially sleeved at the end part of the fertilizer shaft 701 extending out of the fertilizer shell; one end face of the clutch wheel 707 far away from the elastic component 709 is meshed with one end face of the fertilizer discharging wheel 705; the retainer ring 710 is fixedly arranged on the fertilizer discharging shaft 701; one end of the elastic component 709 is connected with one side of the retainer ring 710, and the other end is connected with one end of the clutch wheel 707 far away from the fertilizer wheel 705; the clutch wheel 707 can slide along the axial direction of the fertilizer discharging shaft 701; the first stopper 711 restricts the movement of the clutch pulley 707 with respect to the fertilizer shaft 701.
Specifically, the clutch wheel 707, the elastic component 709 and the retaining ring 710 are sequentially sleeved at the end part of the fertilizer shaft 701 extending out of the fertilizer discharging shell, and the clutch wheel 707, the elastic component 709 and the retaining ring 710 are sequentially connected; for example, the elastic member 709 is a spring or the like. The clutch wheel 707 can be pushed to slide along the fertilizer shaft 701 towards the fertilizer wheel 705 under the elastic action of the spring; when the clutch wheel 707 and the fertilizer wheel 705 are separated from each other, the position of the clutch wheel 707 can be fixed by the first stopper 711, so that the clutch wheel 707 and the fertilizer wheel 705 are separated from each other, and the elastic member 709 is compressed. When the fertilizer is not needed to be applied, the position of the clutch wheel 707 can be fixed through the first limiting component 711, and the clutch wheel 707 is further enabled to be in non-contact with the fertilizer discharging wheel 705, and the clutch wheel 707 is located at the limit position at the moment. When fertilization is needed, the first limiting component 711 is loosened, at the moment, the elastic component 709 pushes the clutch wheel 707 to slide along the axial direction of the fertilizer shaft 701 towards the direction pointing to the fertilizer wheel 705, so that the clutch wheel 707 is meshed with the fertilizer wheel 705; at this time, the fertilizer shaft 701 is rotated, so that the fertilizer shaft 701 drives the clutch wheel 707 to rotate, and further the fertilizer wheel 705 engaged with the clutch wheel 707 generates a rotation motion, thereby realizing a fertilizer discharging process.
When the clutch wheel 707 is adopted to drive the fertilizer wheel 705 to rotate, the diameter of a central circular hole of the fertilizer wheel 705 can be set to be larger than that of the fertilizer shaft 701, so that the fertilizer wheel 705 is not in contact with the fertilizer wheel 705; in the process of the rotation of the fertilizer wheel 705, no frictional resistance is generated between the fertilizer shaft 701 and the fertilizer wheel 705, so that the rotation speed of the fertilizer wheel 705 is increased, the fertilizer speed of the fertilizer wheel 705 is increased, and the fertilizer efficiency of the whole fertilizer applying device 3 is increased.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the end surface of the fertilizer discharging wheel 705 close to the clutch wheel 707 is provided with first concave-convex teeth, and the end surface of the clutch wheel 707 close to the fertilizer discharging wheel 705 is provided with second concave-convex teeth; the first concave-convex teeth are meshed with the second concave-convex teeth; one end of the fertilizer discharging shaft 701, which is far away from the retainer 710, is connected with the motor 22, and the motor 22 is used for driving the fertilizer discharging shaft 701 to rotate. The fertilizer discharging wheel 705 is meshed with the clutch wheel 707 in a concave-convex tooth mode, so that the clutch wheel 707 is reliably meshed with the fertilizer discharging wheel 705, and the reliability of the whole fertilizer applying device 3 is improved. And the motor 22 is adopted to drive the fertilizer discharging shaft 701 to rotate, so that the fertilizer discharging shaft 701 drives the clutch wheel 707 to rotate, when the clutch wheel 707 is meshed with the fertilizer discharging wheel 705, the clutch wheel 707 can drive the fertilizer discharging wheel 705 to rotate, and the fertilizer discharging process is realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, a first through hole is formed on a wheel surface of the clutch wheel 707, and a blind hole is formed at a corresponding position on the fertilizer discharging shaft 701; the first limiting component 711 is inserted into the first through hole and the blind hole in sequence to limit the clutch wheel 707 to move relative to the fertilizer discharging shaft 701; and/or; a second through hole is formed in the fertilizer shaft 701 at a side, away from the elastic component 709, of the retainer ring 710, and the second limiting component 708 penetrates through the second through hole to fix the position of the retainer ring 710. For example, a blind hole is arranged on the fertilizer discharging shaft 701 corresponding to the limit position of the clutch wheel 707; for example, the first stopper 711 is a cotter pin; the clutch wheel 707 can be limited at its extreme position by inserting the cotter pin into the first through hole and the blind hole in sequence, so that the clutch wheel 707 and the fertilizer wheel 705 are in a separated state, and the spring is in a compressed state. The cotter pin on the clutch wheel 707 is pulled out, so that the spring pushes the clutch wheel 707 to move along the fertilizer shaft 701 towards the fertilizer wheel 705, and the second concave-convex teeth on the clutch wheel 707 are meshed with the first concave-convex teeth on the fertilizer wheel 705.
And a second through hole is arranged on the fertilizer shaft 701 at the side of the retainer ring 710 far away from the elastic part 709, and the second limiting part 708 is inserted through the second through hole, for example, the second limiting part 708 is also a split pin; the position of the retainer 710 can be fixed by the split pin on the fertilizer shaft 701, so that the retainer 710 can be stably fixed on the fertilizer shaft 701 in the sliding process of the clutch wheel 707, and conditions are provided for the sliding process of the clutch wheel 707.
Further, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the fertilizer applying apparatus 3 further includes: a fertilizer unloading mechanism; the fertilizer unloading mechanism comprises a fertilizer unloading plate 1601 and a fertilizer unloading slideway 1602; the lower part of the fertilizer discharging shell is provided with a fertilizer discharging opening; a groove is arranged at the edge of the fertilizer unloading opening and is parallel to the fertilizer discharging shaft 701; the fertilizer discharging plate 1601 can slide along the groove to close or open the fertilizer discharging opening; the fertilizer unloading slide 1602 is connected with the fertilizer unloading opening and is used for sliding out the fertilizer. For example, a fertilizer discharge opening on the fertilizer discharge housing is arranged on the lower housing 706; and grooves are provided at opposite side edges of the discharging port, for example, the grooves are provided in parallel to the discharging shaft 701, for example, groove U-shaped grooves. When the fertilizer discharging plate 1601 slides into the lower housing 706 through the groove, the fertilizer discharging plate 1601 closes the fertilizer discharging opening, and fertilizer particles in the fertilizer discharging groove are discharged after entering the fertilizer conveying mechanism through the brush by rotating the fertilizer discharging wheel 705. When the fertilizer unloading plate 1601 slides out of the lower shell 706, the fertilizer unloading opening is in an open state, and fertilizer particles in the fertilizer box 4 pass through the fertilizer inlet and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharging shell in sequence under the action of self gravity and are discharged through the fertilizer unloading slideway 1602 connected with the fertilizer unloading opening.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, 5 and 6, the fertilizer delivery mechanism includes: a mixing cavity 15, a fertilizer conveying pipe 13, a fertilizer conveying opening 11 and a ditching plate 10; the mixing cavity 15 is arranged below the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7, a fertilizer inlet of the mixing cavity 15 is communicated with a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7, and a fertilizer outlet of the mixing cavity 15 is connected with one end of the fertilizer conveying pipe 13; and one side of the mixing cavity 15 is communicated with the blast pipe 8; the other end of the fertilizer conveying pipe 13 is connected with the fertilizer conveying opening 11; the side wall of the fertilizer conveying opening 11 is connected with one side of the ditching plate 10; the ditching plate 10 is fixed on the body of the rice transplanter 1 and is used for ditching soil in the field.
For example, the mixing chamber 15 is disposed below the lower housing 706 of the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7; for example, the mixing chamber 15 is secured below the lower housing 706 by fasteners. A fertilizer inlet of the mixing cavity 15 is communicated with a fertilizer outlet on the lower shell 706, and a fertilizer outlet of the mixing cavity 15 is connected with one end of the fertilizer conveying pipe 13; for example, the connection relationship is a fixed connection or a detachable connection. And one side of the mixing cavity 15 is communicated with the blast pipe 8, for example, the blast pipe 8 is connected with the fan 17, so that the fan 17 leads gas into the mixing cavity 15 through the blast pipe 8, gas is led into the mixing cavity 15, and the gas is mixed with the fertilizer, thereby improving the loose degree of the fertilizer. Thereby loosening the fertilizer output to the fertilizer conveying pipe 13 through the fertilizer outlet of the mixing cavity 15.
For example, the trenching plate 10 is fixed on the whole machine fixing plate 9 through the first fixing frame 12, and one side of the trenching plate 10 is connected with the fertilizer conveying port 11, so that after soil is grooved by the trenching plate 10, fertilizer conveyed to the fertilizer conveying port 11 through the fertilizer conveying pipe 13 can be conveyed into the groove through the fertilizer conveying port 11, thereby preventing the soil from being exposed on the soil surface and being lost, and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
Furthermore, the shape of the ditching plate 10 is triangular, one side edge of the ditching plate 10 is connected with the fertilizer outlet, the height of the connecting position of the top edge and the body of the rice transplanter 1 is adjustable, and the included angle of the bottom edge and the horizontal plane is 25-35 degrees. For example, the top edge of the trenching plate 10 is fixed on the whole machine fixing plate 9 through the first fixing frame 12 and the bolt, and the whole machine fixing plate 9 is arranged on the transplanting device of the transplanter 1; for example, 3 groups of through holes with different heights are reserved on the whole machine fixing plate 9, the first fixing frame 12 can be fixed on any one of the three groups of through holes, and each group of through holes corresponds to different ditching depths and fertilizing depths. The heights of the fertilizer conveying opening 11 and the ditching plate 10 are adjusted by adjusting the height of the first fixing frame 12, so that the soil penetration depth of the ditching plate 10 is adjusted, and the fertilizer application depth value of the fertilizer conveying opening 11 is adjusted. Setting the included angle between the bottom plate of the trenching plate 10 and the horizontal plane to be 25-35 degrees, so that the trenching plate 10 can be used for forming a trench with proper depth; for example, the included angle between the ditching plate 10 and the horizontal plane is set to be 30 degrees, soil can enter 5cm in the operation process of the ditching plate 10, new soil is continuously scraped out of a groove by the bottom edge of the ditching plate 10 along with the forward running of the rice transplanter 1, and then fertilizer output by the fertilizer output port 11 enters the groove.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 7, one side of the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 4 is an inclined surface, and the included angle between the inclined surface and the horizontal plane is larger than the fertilizer repose angle. For example, the angle of repose of the fertilizer is 25 ° to 35 °, and the angle between the inclined surface of the fertilizer box 4 and the horizontal plane may be set to 45 ° to 65 °. Establish to the inclined plane through the one side with fertile case 4, and the contained angle between this inclined plane and the horizontal plane is greater than fertilizer angle of repose, is favorable to the fertilizer whereabouts for fertilizer can be faster be discharged from the play fertile mouth of fertile case 4.
For example, a through hole penetrating through the fertilizer box 4 along the direction of the fertilizer discharging shaft 701 is arranged above the fertilizer outlet, and the through hole on the fertilizer box 4 is used for fixing a bearing of the stirring cage shaft; that is, the stirring cage shaft may be fixedly mounted through a bearing and a bearing seat. For example, two fertilizer outlets can be arranged on one fertilizer box 4, and two sides of the bottom of the fertilizer box 4 are inclined planes; for example, the bottom of the fertilizer box 4 may be formed in an inverted V-shape, as shown in FIG. 1. And each fertilizer outlet is provided with a stirring cage mechanism 6 and a fertilizer discharging mechanism 7. In addition, a fertilizer injection unit 3 can include a plurality of fertile casees 4, for example, a fertilizer injection unit 3 includes three fertile casees 4, and every fertile case 4 is equipped with two fertilizer outlets, then can six azimuths simultaneously fertilize the operation, improves fertilization efficiency.
And each fertilizer box 4 corresponds to a first bracket 5, for example, the bottom of the fertilizer box 4 is fixed on the first bracket 5, and the first bracket 5 is fixed on the whole machine fixing plate 9 through bolts. For example, the plurality of fertilizer boxes 4 are arranged in a direction parallel to the fertilizer shaft 701, for example, the fertilizer shaft 701 is arranged horizontally; the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7 used in cooperation with each fertilizer box 4 is also horizontally arranged, and accordingly, the second support 14 fixing each fertilizer discharging mechanism 7 is also horizontally arranged and is connected to the corresponding first support 5. For example, the lower casing 706 of the fertilizer discharging casing is provided with a through hole, and the fertilizer discharging mechanism 7 is fixed on the second bracket 14 by a bolt passing through the through hole.
In addition, a fertilizer position sensor 21 may be provided on one side surface inside the fertilizer box 4, and when the fertilizer position inside the fertilizer box 4 is lower than the installation position of the fertilizer position sensor 21, an operator may be prompted to add fertilizer by making a sound.
Further, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the fertilizer applying apparatus 3 further includes: a GPS control system; the GPS control system comprises a GPS antenna 20 arranged on the fertilizer box 4, a fertilizing control structure 18 connected with a motor 22, and an operation state sensor 23 connected with a seedling tray of the rice transplanter 1; the GPS antenna 20 is used for acquiring the position information of the fertilizing device 3; the operation state sensor 23 is used for acquiring whether the transplanter 1 is in a working state; if the rice transplanter 1 is in the operating state, the fertilization control structure 18 acquires the speed information of the fertilization device 3 based on the position information, and adjusts the rotation speed of the motor 22 based on the rotation speed of the motor 22 acquired in real time and the target rotation speed of the motor 22 acquired based on the speed information of the fertilization device 3.
Specifically, the GPS control system is mounted on the fertilizer application device 3, for example, the GPS antenna 20 is mounted at the middle of the fertilizer box 4, and when the fertilizer application device 3 includes a plurality of fertilizer boxes 4, the GPS antenna 20 may be mounted on the middle fertilizer box 4. The operation state sensor 23 can be arranged on a lifting frame of a seedling tray of the rice transplanter 1, and can detect whether the seedling tray is in a lifting state or a dropping state; the raised state is a non-operating state of the rice transplanter 1, and the lowered state is an operating state of the rice transplanter 1. The fertilization control structure 18 is respectively connected with a GPS antenna 20, an operation state sensor 23 and a motor 22; when the working state sensor 23 detects that the seedling tray is in a put-down state, the fertilization control structure 18 acquires speed information of the fertilization device 3 according to the position information of the rice transplanter 1 provided by the GPS antenna 20, and analyzes a target rotating speed of the motor 22, namely a target rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging shaft 701 according to the acquired speed information; meanwhile, the fertilization control structure 18 also obtains the actual rotating speed of the motor 22 in real time, and adjusts the rotating speed of the motor 22 according to the obtained actual rotating speed of the motor 22 and the target rotating speed of the motor 22, that is, adjusts the rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging shaft 701, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the rotating speed in real time, thereby achieving the purpose of quantitative fertilization.
The fertilizing device 3 provided by the invention is integrally arranged at the upper part of the seedling claw 19 at the rear part of the rice transplanter 1, so that the pedal 2 frequently used by an operator is not occupied, convenience is provided for the walking of a seedling replanting person on the pedal 2, and a larger moving space is provided for the seedling replanting person. In addition, if a plurality of persons are needed, other persons can sit on the pedal 2 besides the driver's driving seat, and a more comfortable riding experience is achieved.
The invention also provides a control method of the fertilizing device, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a target rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism according to the target fertilizing amount and the position information of the rice transplanter; acquiring the real-time rotating speed of a fertilizer discharging mechanism when the rice transplanter is in a working state; and adjusting the rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism based on the target rotating speed and the real-time rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism.
Specifically, with reference to fig. 9, the target fertilizing amount of the fertilizing apparatus may be input through the fertilizing control structure, and the GPS antenna acquires the position information of the rice transplanter, for example, the GPS antenna transmits the position information of the rice transplanter to the fertilizing control structure through the bus. When the operation state sensor detects that the rice transplanter is currently in the working state, the fertilization control structure can acquire the speed of the rice transplanter according to the position information, and the fertilization control structure can acquire the target rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism, namely the target rotating speed of the motor according to the target fertilizing amount and the speed of the rice transplanter. Meanwhile, the fertilization control structure can also acquire the real-time rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism, namely the real-time rotating speed of the motor; for example, the real-time rotation speed of the motor is fed back to the fertilization control structure in real time. The fertilizing control structure can adjust the rotating speed of the motor according to the target rotating speed and the real-time rotating speed of the motor, so that the aim of controlling the rotating speed of the motor in real time is fulfilled, and the fertilizing amount is controlled quantitatively.
In addition, the step of detecting whether the rice transplanter is in the working state by the working state sensor can be arranged after the fertilization control structure obtains the target rotating speed of the fertilizer mechanism and before the fertilization control structure obtains the real-time rotating speed of the fertilizer mechanism.
In addition, referring to fig. 10, if the target fertilizing amount is changed, the changed target fertilizing amount may be input accordingly through the fertilizing control structure to update the target fertilizing amount to the latest value. And if the operation state sensor detects that the rice transplanter is in a non-working state, setting the target rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism to zero. In addition, the target rotating speed and the real-time rotating speed of the motor can be displayed, the position information of the rice transplanter, which is acquired by the GPS antenna, is displayed, and the working state information of the rice transplanter, which is acquired by the working state sensor, is displayed; so that the worker can clearly observe the states of the rice transplanter and the fertilizing device.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A fertilizer applicator, comprising: the device comprises at least one fertilizer box, a stirring cage mechanism arranged in the fertilizer box, a fertilizer discharging mechanism arranged at a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box and a fertilizer conveying mechanism connected with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharging mechanism;
the fertilizer box is arranged behind the rice transplanter, is positioned at the upper part of a seedling claw of the rice transplanter and is used for loading fertilizer in the field;
the stirring cage mechanism is used for stirring the fertilizer in the fertilizer box so as to discharge the fertilizer from a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box to the interior of the fertilizer discharging mechanism;
the fertilizer discharging mechanism is used for discharging the fertilizer to the interior of the fertilizer conveying mechanism so that the fertilizer conveying mechanism conveys the fertilizer into a field;
stir cage mechanism includes: the stirring shaft, the spring stirring cage and the stirring rod are arranged in the stirring cage;
the stirring shaft is rotatably arranged above the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box;
the spring stirring cage is sleeved on the stirring shaft, and two ends of the spring stirring cage are respectively connected with the action end of the stirring rod; the connecting end of the stirring rod is connected with the stirring shaft;
the pitch and the diameter of the spring stirring cage are gradually increased along the axis of the stirring shaft towards the direction pointing to the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box; and/or the stirring rods are cross stirring rods, and the cross stirring rods positioned at the two ends of the spring stirring cage are staggered by 30-60 degrees along the radial direction of the stirring shaft;
one side of a fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box is an inclined surface, and an included angle between the inclined surface and the horizontal plane is larger than a fertilizer repose angle;
the fertilizer delivery mechanism comprises: a mixing cavity, a fertilizer conveying pipe, a fertilizer conveying opening and a ditching plate;
the mixing cavity is arranged below the fertilizer discharging mechanism, a fertilizer inlet of the mixing cavity is communicated with a fertilizer discharging port of the fertilizer discharging mechanism, and a fertilizer outlet of the mixing cavity is connected with one end of the fertilizer conveying pipe; one side of the mixing cavity is communicated with the blast pipe;
the other end of the fertilizer conveying pipe is connected with the fertilizer conveying opening; the side wall of the fertilizer conveying opening is connected with one side of the ditching plate; the ditching plate is fixed on the body of the rice transplanter and used for ditching soil in the field out of a ditch.
2. The fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer discharge mechanism comprises: a fertilizer discharging shell, a flow choking brush, a fertilizer discharging shaft and a fertilizer discharging wheel;
the fertilizer discharging shell is positioned at the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box, and a fertilizer inlet of the fertilizer discharging shell is communicated with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box;
the fertilizer discharging shaft penetrates through the fertilizer discharging shell; the fertilizer discharging wheel is positioned in the fertilizer discharging shell and is rotatably sleeved on the fertilizer discharging shaft;
the flow resistance brush is arranged at the upper part in the fertilizer discharging shell, and the action end of the flow resistance brush is contacted with the fertilizer discharging wheel.
3. The fertilizer applicator of claim 2, wherein the fertilizer discharge mechanism further comprises: the clutch wheel, the elastic component, the check ring and the first limiting component;
the clutch wheel, the elastic part and the check ring are sequentially sleeved at the end part of the fertilizer discharging shaft extending out of the fertilizer discharging shell; one end face of the clutch wheel, which is far away from the elastic component, is meshed with one end face of the fertilizer discharging wheel;
the check ring is fixedly arranged on the fertilizer discharging shaft; one end of the elastic component is connected with one side of the retainer ring, and the other end of the elastic component is connected with one end of the clutch wheel far away from the fertilizer discharging wheel;
the clutch wheel can slide along the axial direction of the fertilizer discharging shaft; the first limiting component is used for limiting the clutch wheel to move relative to the fertilizer discharging shaft.
4. The fertilizing device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the end surface of the fertilizing wheel close to the clutch wheel is provided with a first concave-convex tooth, and the end surface of the clutch wheel close to the fertilizing wheel is provided with a second concave-convex tooth; the first concave-convex teeth are meshed with the second concave-convex teeth;
the one end that the fertilizer shaft kept away from the retaining ring links to each other with the motor, the motor is used for driving the fertilizer shaft is rotatory.
5. The fertilizing device as claimed in claim 3, wherein a first through hole is arranged on the wheel surface of the clutch wheel, and a blind hole is arranged at the corresponding position on the fertilizer discharging shaft;
the first limiting component is sequentially inserted into the first through hole and the blind hole so as to limit the clutch wheel to move relative to the fertilizer discharging shaft; and/or;
the fertilizer discharging shaft is provided with a second through hole at one side of the check ring far away from the elastic component, and the second limiting component penetrates through the second through hole to fix the position of the check ring.
6. The fertilizer applicator of claim 2, further comprising: a fertilizer unloading mechanism; the fertilizer unloading mechanism comprises a fertilizer unloading plate and a fertilizer unloading slideway;
the lower part of the fertilizer discharging shell is provided with a fertilizer discharging opening; grooves are formed in the edges of two opposite sides of the fertilizer unloading opening;
the fertilizer unloading plate can slide along the groove to close or open the fertilizer unloading opening;
the fertilizer unloading slideway is connected with the fertilizer unloading opening and used for allowing the fertilizer to slide out.
7. The fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ditching plate is triangular, one side of the ditching plate is connected with the fertilizer discharging port, the height of the connecting position of the top side and the transplanter body is adjustable, and the included angle between the bottom side and the horizontal plane is 25-35 degrees.
8. The fertilizer applicator of claim 4, further comprising: a GPS control system; the GPS control system comprises a GPS antenna which is arranged on the fertilizer box and can acquire the position information of the fertilizing device, a fertilizing control structure which is connected with the motor, and an operation state sensor which is connected with a seedling tray of the rice transplanter and can acquire the working state of the rice transplanter;
if the rice transplanter is in a working state, the fertilizing control structure acquires the speed information of the fertilizing device according to the position information, and adjusts the rotating speed of the motor based on the rotating speed of the motor acquired in real time and the target rotating speed of the motor acquired according to the speed information of the fertilizing device.
9. A method of controlling a fertilizing apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that it comprises:
when the transplanter is in a working state, acquiring a target rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism and acquiring a real-time rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism according to the target fertilizing amount and the position information of the transplanter;
and adjusting the rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism based on the target rotating speed and the real-time rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging mechanism.
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| CN201811383216.5A CN109463086B (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Fertilizing device and control method thereof |
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| CN201811383216.5A CN109463086B (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Fertilizing device and control method thereof |
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| CN116671323B (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2023-10-31 | 北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心 | Intelligent fertilizing device and control method thereof |
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| JP3561931B2 (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 2004-09-08 | 井関農機株式会社 | Fertilizer rice transplanter |
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| CN206835626U (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-01-05 | 新疆科神农机装备工程研究中心（有限公司） | The site preparation and fertilization combine that a kind of layer by layer manuring device and the device are formed |
| CN107182395B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2022-08-26 | 湖南龙舟农机股份有限公司 | Rice transplanter |
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| CN203712830U (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-07-16 | 贵州龙里创奇装备制造有限公司 | Extrusion type brick making machine |
| CN206118386U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-04-26 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Dark accurate fertilizer injection unit of air -assisted rice side |
| CN206237793U (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-06-13 | 武际军 | A kind of rear-mounted rice transplanter fertilizing mechanism |
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