CN109459310B - Fiber reinforced concrete uniaxial tensile property test specimen and test method thereof - Google Patents
Fiber reinforced concrete uniaxial tensile property test specimen and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109459310B CN109459310B CN201811533188.0A CN201811533188A CN109459310B CN 109459310 B CN109459310 B CN 109459310B CN 201811533188 A CN201811533188 A CN 201811533188A CN 109459310 B CN109459310 B CN 109459310B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
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Abstract
The invention provides a fiber reinforced concrete uniaxial tensile property test specimen and a test method thereof, wherein the test specimen is in a bone shape and comprises a clamping section at two ends, a testing section at the middle part and a force transmission section, the clamping section is in a streamline shape, the test method comprises the steps of test specimen molding, mold stripping, tensile test preparation and experimental data recording, the test specimen is poured in a molding cavity defined by two side plates, clamping molds at two ends and a molding template at the bottom, the test specimen and the clamping molds are taken down during mold stripping, and the clamping molds are connected with test equipment; the test method provided by the invention has the advantages that the clamping mould and the test specimen are integrally formed, the contact embedding degree of the test specimen and the clamping fixture is good, the stress concentration phenomenon is not easy to generate, the force transmission is uniform, and the test specimen can be directly installed on test equipment, so that the test specimen can be quickly and effectively tested; the test specimen of the invention is in a bone shape, each section is in smooth transition, the stress and the force transmission are uniform, the phenomenon that the fracture occurs at a position outside the test section is reduced, and the success rate of the test is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete performance tests, and particularly relates to a fiber reinforced concrete uniaxial tensile performance test piece and a test method thereof.
Background
Tensile properties are important mechanical properties of various materials, and the tensile properties of materials can be obtained by uniaxial tensile tests. In uniaxial tensile testing, the shape and clamping manner of the test piece are critical to the success rate and accuracy of the test. Concrete materials, including most fiber reinforced concrete, are brittle materials, and in uniaxial tensile tests, if the shape and clamping manner of the test piece are not proper, the final fracture is easy to occur at the clamping end part of the test piece instead of the predetermined breaking section in the middle, thereby causing the test to be invalid; the method for installing the test piece for the common concrete material in the prior art comprises the following steps: according to the method for manufacturing the test piece in the pre-embedded mode, for a non-homogeneous concrete material, the pre-embedded structure is often a cause of internal cracks in the initial stage, and the success rate of the test is uncertain; the end part of the test piece is provided with a hole type structure, and during the test process, the condition that the fracture surface and the ultimate stress cannot react with the actual condition of the material due to unbalance loading caused by stress concentration occurs in the hole pulling; for a friction or bonding mode to connect a test piece, the condition of insufficient friction force or bonding force often occurs; the fiber reinforced concrete material has brittleness similar to that of common concrete material and has great tensile property and ductility difference, the size and the structure of the tensile test specimen in the prior art are not the most suitable choices for tensile test of the fiber reinforced concrete material, the size and the structure of the tensile test specimen in the prior art are not the most suitable choices for tensile test of the fiber reinforced concrete material, a reliable specimen clamping mode capable of adapting to the fiber reinforced concrete material and a corresponding specimen shape need to be designed, and the fiber reinforced concrete material tensile test fixture has great significance for successfully realizing the fiber reinforced concrete uniaxial tensile property test.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly and effectively measuring the uniaxial tensile property of fiber reinforced concrete, and a forming die of a test piece is used as a test fixture, so that the uniaxial tensile property of the fiber reinforced concrete can be quickly, reliably and effectively measured.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a fibre reinforced concrete unipolar tensile properties test piece, it is the even bone plate of thickness everywhere, the test piece includes the centre gripping section at both ends, the test section at middle part and the biography power section of connecting centre gripping section and test section, the test section is the cuboid structure, the biography power section is the structure that the cross section size gently changes, the upper end plane of centre gripping section is the arc curved surface, the both sides face of centre gripping section is the pulling force working face, it is a plurality of continuous arc curved surfaces, pulling force working face upper end is tangent with the upper end plane, lower extreme and biography power section side are tangent.
Preferably, the ratio of the total length of the test specimen to the length A0 of the test section is 7: 3, the length A2 of the clamping section is (0.35-0.4) A0, and the length A1 of the force transmission section is (2/3A 0-A2).
Preferably, the width of the test section is B0, the maximum cross-sectional width B2 of the clamping section is (2.2-2.5) B0, and the minimum cross-sectional width B1 is (1.7-1.8) B0.
A fiber reinforced concrete uniaxial tensile property test method is based on the test piece, and comprises the following steps:
step one, molding a test piece, namely enclosing a molding cavity of the test piece by using two side plates, two end clamping molds and a bottom molding template, fully cleaning the inner wall of the molding cavity before casting, smearing a layer of coating convenient for demolding, casting fiber reinforced concrete slurry into the molding cavity, compacting and uniformly rolling the slurry, fully filling the slurry into the seam of the four walls of the molding cavity, scraping the upper plane of the slurry along the upper end plane of the molding cavity, fully condensing the test piece, performing wetting maintenance, and covering the surface with an impermeable film to keep the surface moist;
removing the mold, namely removing the two side plates, and taking the test piece and the clamping molds at the two end parts off the molding template to obtain the test piece;
step three, preparing a tensile test, wherein the clamping dies at the two end parts are respectively connected with the upper mechanical loading end and the lower mechanical loading end of the test equipment through universal connectors, and the test specimen is connected with an LVDT displacement system for acquiring instantaneous strain and total strain generated by the test specimen;
and step four, recording experiments and data, wherein pre-tightening force is applied firstly during the experiments, tensile tests are started in an equal strain or equal stress mode according to needs, tensile stress is loaded until test pieces are broken, the experimental data is recorded and counted, and a stress-strain curve is drawn to obtain the tensile property parameters of the material.
The LVDT displacement system comprises two displacement clamps connected with two ends of the test specimen, two LVDT displacement sensors respectively installed on two sides of one displacement clamp, and two elastic sheets connected with the other displacement clamp and the LVDT displacement sensors, wherein the elastic sheets are of an L-shaped structure, each displacement clamp comprises two clamping plates and a buffer layer in the middle of the two clamping plates, when the displacement clamps are installed, the two clamping plates clamp the test specimen from the front side surface and the rear side surface of the test specimen along the positions of the extension datum lines and fixedly connect the two clamping plates, and the buffer layers are filled and cover the contact surfaces of all the clamping plates and the test specimen.
Compared with the prior art, the test method for uniaxial tensile property of fiber reinforced concrete has the advantages that the clamping mold and the test specimen are integrally formed, the test specimen is well contacted and embedded with the clamping fixture, the stress concentration phenomenon is not easy to generate, the force transmission is uniform, the test specimen can be directly installed on test equipment, and the test specimen can be quickly and effectively tested; the clamping mould is connected with the test equipment through the universal connector, the clamping mould can flexibly and automatically adjust according to the change of the center of the test piece, and the unbalance loading phenomenon in the test process can be prevented;
the test specimen used by the invention is in a bone shape, each section is in smooth transition, the stress and the force transmission are uniform, the phenomena that the fracture occurs at a position outside the test section during stretching and the clamping section deforms and damages during retraction are reduced, the test specimen is suitable for the material property of the fiber reinforced concrete material, and the test success rate is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the mounting of a test specimen of the present invention on a test apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first test piece in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second test piece in fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. the test piece, 11, the centre gripping section, 12, pass power section, 13, test section, 14, extension datum line, 15, pulling force working face, 16, upper end plane, 2, centre gripping mould, 3, LVDT displacement system, 31, displacement anchor clamps, 32, shell fragment, 33, LVDT displacement sensor, 4, universal joint.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the test piece and the test method for uniaxial tensile property of fiber reinforced concrete, the size and the shape of the test piece 1, the manufacture of the test piece 1 and the stress-strain test process refer to and meet relevant regulations in the standard of the test method for mechanical property of common concrete, and the test equipment is a universal mechanical tester;
wherein, based on the brittleness of the fiber reinforced concrete material, the test piece 1 of the invention is designed into a bone shape, the thickness of each part is consistent, the two ends are streamline design, as shown in figures 2 and 3, the test piece comprises a clamping section 11 at the two ends, a test section 13 at the middle part and a force transmission section 12 connecting the clamping section 11 and the test section 13, the force transmission section 12 is a structure with the gradually changed cross section, namely the side surface is an arc surface or an inclined plane, the side surface is a gently transiting and reducing section and evenly transmits the internal stress, the upper end plane 16 of the clamping section 11 is an arc curved surface, the contact area between the upper end plane of the test piece and a mould is increased, the stress concentration can be effectively reduced when the test piece retracts, the phenomenon that the clamping section is damaged or extruded and deformed to be difficult to demould when the test piece retracts is avoided, the two side surfaces of the clamping section 11 are the parts of the test piece 1 under the, the part of the tension force is a boss, and for brittle materials such as fiber concrete, the abrupt cross section often becomes the position of crack generation and fracture, therefore, the tension acting surface 15 is provided with a plurality of continuous arc curved surfaces which can be one or more large arc curved surfaces in the middle, one end is transited to an upper end plane through an upper end arc surface, and the lower end is transited to a force transmission section through a lower end arc surface, such as a test piece I shown in figure 2, the middle part can be a large arc curved surface, such as a test piece II shown in figure 3, and the middle part is two continuous arcs, of course, the processing difficulty of an inner groove of the clamping mould 2 is increased by arranging excessive arcs, the upper end of the tension acting surface 15 is tangent to the upper plane, and the lower end is tangent to the arc surface or the inclined plane of the force; the test section 13 is a cuboid specified according to the test standard, the length A0 of the test section is 150mm which is the length of a national standard test piece, and according to the summary of test experience, the ratio of the total length of the test piece to the length A0 is 7: preferably, the total length of the test specimen is 350mm, which not only has high test success rate and is convenient for manufacturing a mold, but also does not waste materials, wherein the length a2 of the clamping section 11 is (0.35-0.4) a0, the length a1 of the force transmission section 12 is (2/3a0-a2), so that the test specimen 1 has a sufficiently long stress bearing surface, and the provided continuous arc-shaped curved surface can increase the stress action area, meanwhile, the force transmission section 12 has sufficient length to uniformly transmit internal stress, the width of the test section 13 is B0, the maximum cross-sectional width B2 of the clamping section 11 is (2.2-2.5) B0, and the minimum cross-sectional width B1 is (1.7-1.8) B0, so that the excessively small stressed cross-sectional width is B2-B1, which has a sufficient tensile force bearing surface, and the minimum cross-sectional width B1 cannot break before the test section 13;
the invention relates to a method for testing uniaxial tensile property of fiber reinforced concrete, which adopts a test piece designed by the invention and comprises the following steps:
step one, molding the test piece 1, enclosing a molding cavity of the test piece 1 by using two side plates, two end part clamping molds 2 and a molding template at the bottom, arranging a positioning boss on the side plate, contacting the positioning boss with two side surfaces of the clamping molds 2 to position the inner side surfaces of the two side plates, after positioning, the two spring clamping plates can be used for clamping the two side plates from the outer sides of the two side plates to complete the locking of the relative positions of the clamping mould 2 and the two side plates, the inner wall of the forming cavity is fully cleaned before pouring, coating the test piece 1 with a thin layer of mineral oil or a release agent, pouring fiber reinforced concrete slurry into the forming cavity, compacting and uniformly rolling the slurry to fully fill the slurry into seams of the four walls of the forming cavity, scraping the upper plane of the slurry along the upper plane 16 of the forming cavity, fully wetting and maintaining the test piece 1 after forming, and covering the surface with a waterproof film to keep the surface moist;
removing the mold, namely removing the two side plates, and taking the test piece 1 and the clamping molds 2 at the two end parts off the molding template to obtain the test piece 1;
step three, preparing a tensile test, as shown in fig. 1, wherein the clamping dies 2 at two ends are respectively connected with the upper and lower mechanical loading ends of the test equipment through universal connectors, the clamping dies 2 are provided with connecting hinged ends which are connected with the universal connectors through pin shafts, the universal connectors can be universal joints 4 or connectors which can rotate relatively in three dimensions are arranged in connecting structures, so that the test specimen 1 and the clamping dies 2 at two ends can flexibly self-adjust according to the change of the center, the unbalance loading phenomenon in the test process can be prevented, extension datum lines 14 are marked on the front and rear side surfaces of the test specimen 1, and the extension datum lines 14 are the boundary lines of the test section 13 and the force transmission section 12; the LVDT displacement system 3 is arranged on the test specimen 1 and is used for collecting instantaneous strain and total strain quantity generated by the test specimen 1, the LVDT displacement system 3 comprises a two-displacement clamp 31 connected with the test specimen 1, two LVDT displacement sensors 33 respectively arranged on two sides of the one-displacement clamp 31, and two elastic sheets 32 connected with the other displacement clamp 31 and the LVDT displacement sensors 33, the two elastic sheets 32 are respectively and fixedly connected with iron cores of the LVDT displacement sensors 33, in order to prevent the deformation of the elastic sheets 32 from influencing the test, the elastic sheets 32 are arranged in an L shape, the displacement clamp 31 consists of two clamping plates and a buffer layer in the middle thereof and is clamped on an extension datum line 14, the two clamping plates clamp the specimen by the front and the back of the test specimen 1 and are fixedly connected through screws, the buffer layer between the clamping plates can prevent the clamping force of the clamping plates from damaging the surface of the test specimen 1 or, the clamping plate moves along with the deformation of the test specimen 1, and the distance change of the two extension datum lines 14, namely the extension amount, is reflected in real time;
and step four, recording experiments and data, namely, based on the test specimen 1 provided by the invention, installing the LVDT displacement system 3 designed by the invention on the test specimen 1 to perform a tensile test, applying pretightening force during the test, starting the tensile test in an equal strain or equal stress mode according to needs, loading the tensile stress until the test specimen 1 is broken, recording test data and performing statistics, and drawing a stress-strain curve to obtain a material tensile property parameter.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "side surface", "inner side surface", "front and rear side surfaces", "upper end plane", "cross section", "front and rear surface", and the like are referred to based on the orientation and positional relationship shown in fig. 1 to 3, which are only for convenience of description and understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection of the present invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a fibre reinforced concrete uniaxial tensile property test piece which characterized in that: the test specimen is the even bone form plate of thickness everywhere, and it includes the test section at the centre gripping section at both ends, middle part and connects the power transmission section of centre gripping section and test section, the test section is the cuboid structure, the power transmission section is the structure that the cross section size gently changes, the upper end plane of centre gripping section is the arc curved surface, the both sides face of centre gripping section is the pulling force working face, and it is a plurality of continuous arc curved surfaces, and pulling force working face upper end is tangent with the upper end plane, the lower extreme with power transmission section side is tangent.
2. The fiber reinforced concrete uniaxial tension property test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ratio of the total length of the test specimen to the length A0 of the test section is 7: 3, the length A2 of the clamping section is (0.35-0.4) A0, and the length A1 of the force transmission section is (2/3A 0-A2).
3. The fiber reinforced concrete uniaxial tension property test specimen according to claim 2, characterized in that: the width of the test section is B0, the maximum cross-sectional width B2 of the clamping section is (2.2-2.5) B0, and the minimum cross-sectional width B1 is (1.7-1.8) B0.
4. A fiber reinforced concrete uniaxial tensile property test method based on the test piece according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising:
step one, molding a test piece, namely enclosing a molding cavity of the test piece by using two side plates, two end clamping molds and a bottom molding template, fully cleaning the inner wall of the molding cavity before casting, smearing a layer of coating convenient for demolding, casting fiber reinforced concrete slurry into the molding cavity, compacting and uniformly rolling the slurry, fully filling the slurry into the seam of the four walls of the molding cavity, scraping the upper plane of the slurry along the upper end plane of the molding cavity, fully condensing the test piece, performing wetting maintenance, and covering the surface with an impermeable film to keep the surface moist;
removing the mold, namely removing the two side plates, and taking the test piece and the clamping molds at the two end parts off the molding template to obtain the test piece;
step three, preparing a tensile test, wherein the clamping dies at the two end parts are respectively connected with the upper mechanical loading end and the lower mechanical loading end of the test equipment through universal connectors, and the test specimen is connected with an LVDT displacement system for acquiring instantaneous strain and total strain generated by the test specimen;
and step four, recording experiments and data, wherein pre-tightening force is applied firstly during the experiments, tensile tests are started in an equal strain or equal stress mode according to needs, tensile stress is loaded until test pieces are broken, the experimental data is recorded and counted, and a stress-strain curve is drawn to obtain the tensile property parameters of the material.
5. The method for testing uniaxial tensile properties of fiber reinforced concrete according to claim 4, wherein: the testing device is characterized by further comprising extension datum lines marked on the front side surface and the rear side surface of the testing test piece and installed with the LVDT displacement systems, wherein the extension datum lines are boundary lines of the testing section and the power transmission section, each LVDT displacement system comprises two displacement clamps connected with the two ends of the testing test piece, two LVDT displacement sensors respectively installed on the two sides of one displacement clamp, and two elastic pieces connected with the other displacement clamp and the LVDT displacement sensors, each elastic piece is of an L-shaped structure, each displacement clamp comprises two clamping plates and a buffer layer in the middle of the two clamping plates, when the displacement clamps are installed, the two clamping plates clamp the testing test piece from the front side surface and the rear side surface of the testing test piece along the extension datum lines and fixedly connect the two clamping plates, and the buffer layers are filled and cover.
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