CN112611635B - A kind of concrete uniaxial tensile test fixture and test method - Google Patents
A kind of concrete uniaxial tensile test fixture and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112611635B CN112611635B CN202011244661.0A CN202011244661A CN112611635B CN 112611635 B CN112611635 B CN 112611635B CN 202011244661 A CN202011244661 A CN 202011244661A CN 112611635 B CN112611635 B CN 112611635B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种混凝土单轴拉伸试验夹具及试验方法，包括两个结构相同的夹具体，两个夹具体分别设置在混凝土试件的两端，夹具体与混凝土试件之间设置有试件夹持件，试件夹持件水平嵌设在夹具体中；试件夹持件上设置有试件安装槽，混凝土试件的夹持端配合设置在试件安装槽中；混凝土试件的夹持端四周与试件安装槽面接触紧密贴合，混凝土试件的夹持端两侧与夹具体面接触紧密贴合；本发明将试件夹持端与试件安装槽面接触紧密贴合，利用夹具体及试件夹持件的几何约束，实现对试件的夹持固定，避免了混凝土试件夹持端的局部应力集中，减少了试件夹持端处出现裂纹及徐变等附加损伤，确保了拉伸断裂面发生在试件中部，提高了试验过程的可靠性和稳定性。
The invention provides a concrete uniaxial tensile test fixture and a test method, comprising two clamp bodies with the same structure, the two clamp bodies are respectively arranged at both ends of a concrete specimen, and a clamp is arranged between the clamp body and the concrete specimen. The specimen holder is horizontally embedded in the clamping body; the specimen holder is provided with a specimen installation groove, and the clamping end of the concrete specimen is set in the specimen installation groove; The periphery of the clamping end of the specimen is in close contact with the surface of the installation groove of the specimen, and both sides of the clamping end of the concrete specimen are in close contact with the surface of the clamping body; in the present invention, the clamping end of the specimen is in contact with the surface of the installation groove of the specimen Closely fit, using the geometric constraints of the clamp body and the specimen holder to realize the clamping and fixing of the specimen, avoiding the local stress concentration at the clamping end of the concrete specimen, and reducing the occurrence of cracks and creep at the clamping end of the specimen. The additional damage such as deformation ensures that the tensile fracture surface occurs in the middle of the specimen, which improves the reliability and stability of the test process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete tests, and particularly relates to a clamp and a test method for a concrete uniaxial tensile test.
Background
The concrete material is the most widely used material in the current building engineering, and the strength of the concrete member needs to be tested by a test means; tensile properties are important mechanical properties of concrete materials, and the tensile strength can be obtained by uniaxial tensile test.
At present, the concrete tensile property test methods mainly comprise three methods: a split pull test, a straight pull test and a bend pull test; the test data measured by the straight pull test is the most accurate, and the tensile strength and the strain change of the concrete can be most directly reflected, so that the stress-strain relation of the concrete material is obtained; however, due to the natural brittleness of the concrete material, the selection of the clamp and the way of clamping the test piece and the clamp in the uniaxial tensile test become critical to the accuracy and success rate of the test.
In a straight pull test, the existing test piece clamping modes mainly comprise a sticky steel type, a three-point type, a soft contact type and a hard contact type; the steel bonding mode is that two end faces of a concrete sample are bonded with a tensile shaft through a bonding agent, and the bonding agent adopts epoxy resin-based steel bonding glue: the disadvantages are as follows: the epoxy resin bonding method needs to melt the epoxy resin, is harmful to human bodies and pollutes the environment; the three-point type is that the tightness of clamping a test piece is realized by the rotation of bolts through three bolt holes arranged on a cylindrical shell; the disadvantages are as follows: force applied by three bolt action points and the length of a screwed bolt cannot be quantized, so that eccentricity and stress concentration at the end part of a test piece are easily caused; in the soft contact mode, an elastic sheet is attached to a contact surface between a clamp and a test piece, and although the elastic sheet has a certain effect on preventing stress concentration, when the stress-strain relation of concrete is researched, the strain of the elastic sheet causes huge errors on a test result and cannot meet the requirement of concrete constitutive research; hard contact is through two bolts centre gripping concrete sample, its shortcoming: stress concentration is easily caused, the end part of the test piece is broken, the tensile failure surface is difficult to occur in the middle of the test piece, and the tensile test error is easily caused to be overlarge due to the bending deformation of the bolt in the tensile process.
Simultaneously, in the size aspect of the test piece that cooperation anchor clamps used, the overwhelming majority of prior art adopts fixed and single size, and its shortcoming is in order to match with the size of anchor clamps for the purpose: in the tensile test, the test piece can only adopt a single size which meets the regulation of the clamp, and the test piece with other sizes can not be matched for use or the matching effect is too poor so as to influence the test precision; for concrete tests, the existence of the size effect is often an important influence factor influencing the representation of test data; but the prior technical means which can meet the size effect research in the concrete tensile test is relatively deficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a clamp for a concrete uniaxial tension test and a test method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the existing concrete uniaxial tension test, the stress concentration which is not negligible exists between a concrete test piece and the clamp, the root part of the concrete test piece is easy to break or creep damage is generated on the contact part of the concrete test piece and the clamp, so that the concrete uniaxial tension test fails or the test accuracy is lost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a concrete uniaxial tensile test fixture which comprises two fixture bodies with the same structure, wherein the two fixture bodies are respectively arranged at two ends of a concrete test piece, and the concrete test piece is fixedly arranged on a tensile testing machine through the fixture bodies;
a test piece clamping piece is arranged between the clamp body and the concrete test piece, and the test piece clamping piece is embedded in the clamp body; a test piece mounting groove is formed in the test piece clamping piece, and a clamping end of the concrete test piece is arranged in the test piece mounting groove in a matched mode; the clamping end of the concrete test piece is closely attached to the test piece mounting groove in a surface contact mode, and the clamping end of the concrete test piece is closely attached to the clamp body in a surface contact mode.
Further, the fixture body comprises a fixture body, a T-shaped through groove is formed in the middle shaft surface of the fixture body, and one end or two ends of the T-shaped through groove are communicated with the side surface of the fixture body;
the T-shaped through groove comprises a transverse mounting groove and a longitudinal mounting groove, the transverse mounting groove is arranged in the clamp body and is close to one end of the tensile testing machine; the longitudinal mounting groove is arranged on the longitudinal middle axial surface of the clamp body, one end of the longitudinal mounting groove is communicated with the transverse mounting groove, and the other end of the longitudinal mounting groove is communicated with the end surface of one end of the clamp body, which is far away from the tensile testing machine;
the test piece clamping piece comprises a transverse clamping plate and a longitudinal clamping plate, and the transverse clamping plate and the longitudinal clamping plate are vertically fixed; the transverse clamping plate is arranged in the transverse mounting groove in a matching manner, and the longitudinal clamping plate is arranged in the longitudinal mounting groove in a matching manner; the test piece mounting groove is arranged in the center of the longitudinal clamping plate, and the two sides of the test piece mounting groove are communicated with the surface of the longitudinal clamping plate.
Furthermore, the surface of the longitudinal mounting groove is symmetrically provided with an inwards concave cylindrical surface, and one end of the inwards concave cylindrical surface, which is far away from the transverse mounting groove, is arranged; the end part of the longitudinal clamping plate is provided with a columnar fixing part which is arranged in the concave cylindrical surface in a matching way.
Further, a gasket is arranged between the side surface of the clamping end of the concrete sample and the longitudinal mounting groove; one side of gasket and the clamping end side of concrete sample hug closely the setting, and the opposite side of gasket and the surperficial parallel and level of vertical grip block to hug closely the setting with vertical mounting groove surface.
Further, the test piece clamping piece comprises a first clamping piece and a second clamping piece; the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece are symmetrically arranged in the T-shaped through groove; the first clamping piece comprises a first transverse clamping plate and a first longitudinal clamping plate, and the first transverse clamping plate and the first longitudinal clamping plate are vertically fixed; the second clamping piece comprises a second transverse clamping plate and a second longitudinal clamping plate, and the second transverse clamping plate and the second longitudinal clamping plate are vertically fixed;
the first transverse clamping plate and the second transverse clamping plate are symmetrically arranged in the transverse mounting groove, and the first transverse clamping plate and the second transverse clamping plate are detachably fixed with the clamp body; the first vertical clamping plate and the second vertical clamping plate are symmetrically arranged in the vertical mounting groove, the first mounting groove is formed in one end of the first vertical clamping plate, the second mounting groove is formed in one end of the second vertical clamping plate, and the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove are spliced to form a test piece mounting groove.
Further, an outer convex sleeve is further arranged between the clamp body and the tensile testing machine, one end of the outer convex sleeve is connected with the center of the end portion of the clamp body, the other end of the outer convex sleeve is fixedly connected with the tensile testing machine through a stud, and the stud is connected with the outer convex sleeve through threads.
Furthermore, the joint of the convex sleeve and the clamp body is connected by a fillet.
Further, the concrete test piece adopts a symmetrical bone structure; the concrete test piece comprises a first clamping end, a middle test section and a second clamping end, wherein the first clamping end and the second clamping end are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle test section;
the first clamping end or the second clamping end is embedded in the test piece mounting groove, the vertical two sides of the first clamping end and the second clamping end are symmetrically provided with test piece clamping surfaces, and the test piece clamping surfaces are in close contact fit with the side surfaces of the test piece mounting groove.
Further, the test piece clamping surface comprises a first vertical clamping surface and a first inclined clamping surface which are sequentially connected, and the first inclined clamping surface is arranged close to the middle test section; the side of test piece mounting groove corresponds in proper order and is provided with the vertical clamping face of second and the second slope clamping face, and the contact of first vertical clamping face and the vertical clamping face of second is closely laminated, and the contact of first slope clamping face and second slope clamping face is closely laminated.
The invention also provides a concrete uniaxial tension test method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a concrete sample according to test requirements; then, two ends of the concrete test piece are respectively installed in a test piece installation groove of the test piece clamping piece in a matching mode, then the test piece clamping piece with the concrete test piece is horizontally embedded in the clamp body, and the clamp body is fixedly connected with a tensile testing machine; adjusting the distance between the two working tables of the tensile testing machine to enable the clamping end of the concrete test piece to be in surface contact with and tightly attached to the test piece clamping piece; and starting a tensile testing machine to perform a concrete uniaxial tensile test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the concrete uniaxial tensile test fixture, the test piece mounting groove is formed in the test piece clamping piece, the clamping end of the concrete test piece is in surface contact and close fit with the test piece mounting groove, the test piece clamping piece is horizontally embedded in the fixture body, and the clamping and fixing of the concrete test piece are realized by utilizing the fixture body and the geometric constraint of the test piece clamping piece, so that the local stress concentration caused by clamping by applying external force to the clamping end of the concrete test piece is effectively avoided, the additional damage such as cracks, creep and the like at the clamping end of the concrete test piece is reduced, the tensile fracture surface of the concrete test piece is ensured to be generated in the middle of the test piece, and the reliability and stability of the test process are improved.
Further, the clamping piece adopts horizontal clamping plate and vertical clamping plate combination to form T type clamping piece, through set up the test piece mounting groove at the center of vertical clamping plate, the holder cooperation setting of concrete sample is in the test piece mounting groove, and through set up T type logical groove in the vertical mid-axis face department of the anchor clamps body, with T type clamping piece and the logical groove cooperation connection of T type, realized closely laminating the face between the holder of concrete sample and the anchor clamps body, and then replace the application mode of traditional point power with the mode of applying uniform surface power at concrete sample both ends, the local stress concentration that produces because of the contact of maximum reduction concrete sample and test fixture, make the damage of concrete sample at the root reduce and make the fracture surface take place in the middle part of the test piece, the tensile test result degree of accuracy has effectively been improved.
Furthermore, the inner concave cylindrical surfaces are arranged on the surfaces of the longitudinal mounting grooves, the two inner concave cylindrical surfaces are matched to form a cylindrical groove, the cylindrical fixing part is arranged at the end part of the longitudinal clamping plate, and the cylindrical fixing part is matched and connected with the cylindrical groove, so that the phenomenon that a concrete test piece is not attached to the test piece clamping piece and the clamp body due to the fact that the clamping part of the clamp body generates outward expansion displacement is avoided, the stability of connection among the concrete test piece, the test piece clamping piece and the clamp body is ensured, and the service life of the test clamp is effectively prolonged; meanwhile, the additional strain generated by the test piece clamping piece in the tensile test process is eliminated, the error in the tensile test process is reduced, and the accuracy of the test result is higher.
Furthermore, by arranging the gasket between the side face of the clamping end of the concrete test piece and the longitudinal mounting groove, the residual space between the clamping end of the concrete test piece and the clamp body is eliminated, the surface contact between the clamping end of the concrete test piece and the clamp body is ensured to be tightly attached, the clamping effect on the concrete test pieces with different thickness sizes is met, and the application range of the tensile test clamp is enlarged.
Furthermore, the test piece clamping piece adopts the symmetry to be provided with first clamping piece and second clamping piece combination setting, and the exposed core setting of concrete sample is between two clamping pieces, through adjusting the interval between first clamping piece and the second clamping piece, satisfies the clamping action to the concrete sample of different width sizes, has effectively improved the application range of tensile test anchor clamps.
Further, the outer convex sleeve is arranged at the end of the clamp body, the stud is connected with the outer convex sleeve in a matched mode, the clamp body is fixedly connected with the tensile testing machine, a screw hole is formed in the clamp body when the stud is directly connected with the clamp body, the structural strength of the clamp body is effectively improved, the deformation of the clamp body due to the fact that the screw hole is formed in the stretching process is eliminated, and the accuracy of the tensile testing structure is improved.
Furthermore, the convex sleeve and the clamp body are arranged by adopting the fillet, so that the connection strength between the convex sleeve and the clamp body is effectively improved, the stress concentration generated between the convex sleeve and the clamp body is eliminated, and the clamp structure failure phenomenon in the tensile test process is avoided.
Furthermore, the concrete test piece is set to be of a symmetrical bone-shaped structure, so that the contact area between the concrete test piece and the test piece mounting groove is increased, local stress concentration is eliminated, and the clamping acting force of the test piece clamping piece is effectively increased.
The invention also provides a concrete uniaxial tension test method, which has simple test operation steps, simple mounting and dismounting processes between the concrete test piece and the test piece clamping piece and between the test piece clamping piece and the clamp body, high reliability and effectively improved measurement precision of the uniaxial tension test.
In summary, the concrete uniaxial tension test fixture and the test method provided by the invention have the following advantages in the aspect of clamping the concrete sample: through the matching between the clamp body and the test piece clamping piece, the geometric constraint is formed on the concrete test piece, the traditional external force clamping mode is replaced, the local stress concentration of the concrete test piece at the clamping surface caused by external force clamping is effectively solved, and the additional damage of cracks, creep and the like of the concrete test piece at the clamping surface is avoided; the stability in the test process is improved, and the accuracy in the tensile test process is effectively improved; in the aspect of the size of the concrete sample used in cooperation with the tensile test fixture: on one hand, the gasket is arranged between the clamping end of the concrete test piece and the longitudinal mounting groove, and the gasket which is the same as the clamping end of the concrete test piece in shape and different in thickness is used for eliminating the residual space between the clamping end of the concrete test piece and the test piece clamping piece when the thickness of the concrete test piece is smaller than that of the test piece clamping piece, so that the concrete test pieces with different thickness sizes can be clamped; on the other hand, the test piece clamping pieces are arranged in a split mode, so that the clamping effect on the concrete test pieces with different width sizes is realized, and the aim of performing a tensile test on the multi-scale concrete test piece is fulfilled; in the specimen clamping manner: the concrete test piece, the test piece clamping piece and the clamp body are in surface contact, so that the stress concentration of the clamping part of the test piece is reduced, the risk of damage of the concrete test piece at the end part is reduced, the fracture surface is ensured to be generated in the middle of the test piece, and the accuracy of a tensile test result is effectively improved; the main body of the invention only comprises two parts, thereby greatly optimizing the complexity of the tensile test clamp, having less operation steps in the using process and simple installation and disassembly, and being capable of obviously improving the efficiency of test work.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a concrete uniaxial tension test fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a concrete uniaxial tension test fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a concrete uniaxial tension test fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the uniaxial concrete tensile test fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a clamp body in the concrete uniaxial tension test clamp according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a clamp body in the concrete uniaxial tension test clamp according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a specimen holder according to example 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing the fitting of the specimen-holding member and the clamp body in example 2;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the fitting of the specimen holder and the holder body in example 2;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a concrete specimen in the fixture for uniaxial concrete tensile test according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an assembly of a clamping member and a concrete sample in the concrete uniaxial tension test fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a gasket structure in the jig for uniaxial concrete tensile test according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating the assembly of the concrete uniaxial tension test fixture and a concrete specimen according to the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic assembly plan view of the concrete uniaxial tension test fixture and the concrete sample according to the present invention.
The device comprises a clamp body 1, a test piece clamping piece 2, an outer convex sleeve 3, a gasket 4 and a concrete test piece 5, wherein the outer convex sleeve is a cylindrical sleeve; 11 clamp bodies, 12T-shaped through grooves and 13 concave cylindrical surfaces; 121 horizontal mounting grooves and 122 longitudinal mounting grooves; 21 a transverse clamping plate, 22 a longitudinal clamping plate and 23 a columnar fixing part; 221 a test piece mounting groove; 201 a first clamping member, 202 a second clamping member; 51 a first clamping end, 52 a middle test section and 53 a second clamping end.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments further describe the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in the accompanying drawings 1-7 and 10-14, the invention provides a concrete uniaxial tensile test clamp, which comprises two clamp bodies 1 with the same structure, wherein the two clamp bodies 1 are respectively arranged at two ends of a concrete test piece 5, and the concrete test piece 5 is fixedly arranged on a tensile testing machine through the clamp bodies 1; preferably, the tensile testing machine adopts a common hydraulic tensile machine; a test piece clamping piece 2 is arranged between the clamp body 1 and the concrete test piece 5, and the test piece clamping piece 2 is horizontally embedded in the clamp body 1; be provided with test piece mounting groove 221 on the test piece holder 2, the exposed core cooperation of concrete test piece 5 sets up in test piece mounting groove 221, and the exposed core of concrete test piece 5 is all around closely laminated with test piece mounting groove 221 face contact, and the exposed core both sides of concrete test piece 5 closely laminate with the 1 face contact of the anchor clamps body.
In embodiment 1, the test piece mounting groove 221 is formed in the test piece clamping member 2, the clamping end of the concrete test piece 5 is in surface contact with and closely attached to the test piece mounting groove 221, the test piece clamping member 2 is horizontally embedded in the clamp body 1, and the clamp body 1 and the test piece clamping member 2 are utilized to form geometric constraint on the clamping end of the concrete test piece 5, so that the concrete test piece 5 is clamped and fixed; the local stress concentration caused by directly applying external force to the clamping end of the concrete test piece 5 for clamping is effectively avoided, the additional damage such as cracks and creep at the clamping end of the concrete test piece 5 is reduced, the tensile fracture surface of the concrete test piece 5 is ensured to be arranged in the middle of the test piece, the reliability and stability of the tensile test process are improved, and the accuracy of the tensile test result is effectively improved.
The fixture body 1 comprises a fixture body 11, the fixture body 11 is of a cubic structure, a T-shaped through groove 12 is formed in the longitudinal middle axial surface of the fixture body 11, and one end or two ends of the T-shaped through groove 12 are communicated with the side surface of the fixture body 11; the T-shaped through groove 12 comprises a transverse installation groove 121 and a longitudinal installation groove 122, wherein the transverse installation groove 121 is horizontally arranged in the clamp body 11 and is close to one end of the tensile testing machine; the vertical setting of vertical mounting groove 122 is on the vertical well axial plane of anchor clamps body 11, and the one end and the horizontal mounting groove 121 of vertical mounting groove 122 link up, and the other end link up with the terminal surface that anchor clamps body 11 kept away from tensile test machine one end.
The clamping piece 2 comprises a transverse clamping plate 21 and a longitudinal clamping plate 22, the transverse clamping plate 21 and the longitudinal clamping plate 22 are vertically fixed, the transverse clamping plate 21 and the longitudinal clamping plate 22 are fixedly connected to form a T-shaped clamping piece, and the T-shaped clamping piece is horizontally embedded in the T-shaped through groove 12 of the clamp body 11; wherein, the transverse clamping plate 21 is arranged in the transverse mounting groove 121 in a matching way, and the longitudinal clamping plate 22 is arranged in the longitudinal mounting groove 122 in a matching way; the structure size of the transverse installation groove 121 is matched with that of the transverse clamping plate 21, and the periphery of the transverse clamping plate 21 is tightly attached to the transverse installation groove 121; the structural dimension of the longitudinal installation groove 122 is matched with that of the longitudinal clamping plate 22, and two sides of the longitudinal clamping plate 22 are tightly attached to the longitudinal installation groove 122; the test piece mounting groove 221 is arranged in the center of the longitudinal clamping plate 22, two sides of the test piece mounting groove 221 are communicated with the surface of the longitudinal clamping plate 22, and the shape and the size of the test piece mounting groove 221 are matched with those of the clamping end of the concrete test piece 5.
Preferably, the surfaces of the longitudinal installation grooves 122 are symmetrically provided with the concave cylindrical surfaces 13, the axes of the concave cylindrical surfaces 13 are horizontally arranged, one ends of the concave cylindrical surfaces 13 far away from the transverse installation groove 121 are arranged, and the two concave cylindrical surfaces 13 are matched to form a cylindrical groove; the end part of the longitudinal clamping plate 22 is horizontally provided with a columnar fixing part 23, the columnar fixing part 23 is arranged in the cylindrical groove in a matching way, and two sides of the columnar fixing part 23 are respectively in close contact with the two concave cylindrical surfaces 13; in embodiment 1, the concave cylindrical surface 13 is arranged on the surface of the longitudinal mounting groove 122, the columnar fixing part 23 is arranged at the end part of the longitudinal clamping plate 22, and the columnar fixing part 23 is connected with the concave cylindrical surface 13 in a matching manner, so that the phenomenon that the concrete test piece 5 is not attached to the test piece clamping piece or the clamp body due to outward expansion displacement of the clamping part of the test piece clamping piece 2 is avoided, the connection stability among the concrete test piece, the test piece clamping piece and the clamp body is ensured, and the service life of the test clamp is effectively prolonged; meanwhile, the additional strain generated by the test piece clamping piece in the tensile test process is eliminated, the error in the tensile test process is reduced, and the accuracy of the test result is higher.
An outer convex sleeve 3 is further arranged between the clamp body 11 and the tensile testing machine, one end of the outer convex sleeve 3 is connected with the center of the end part of the clamp body 11, and the other end of the outer convex sleeve 3 is fixedly connected with the tensile testing machine through a stud; an internal thread is arranged in the convex sleeve 3, one end of the stud is in threaded connection with the convex sleeve 3, and the other end of the stud is fixedly connected with a tensile testing machine; the stud and the outer convex sleeve 3 are matched and connected, so that the fixture body 1 and the tensile testing machine are fixed, a screw hole needs to be formed in the fixture body 11 when the stud is directly connected with the fixture body 11, deformation of the fixture body 1 caused by the screw hole is eliminated in the stretching process, and the structural strength of the fixture body is effectively improved; preferably, the joint of the convex sleeve 3 and the clamp body 1 is connected by a fillet, so that the connection strength between the convex sleeve 3 and the clamp body 11 is effectively improved, stress concentration generated between the convex sleeve 3 and the clamp body 11 is eliminated, and the clamp structure failure phenomenon in the tensile test process is avoided.
A gasket 4 is arranged between the side surface of the clamping end of the concrete sample 5 and the longitudinal mounting groove 122, and the shape of the gasket 4 is the same as that of the clamping end of the concrete sample 5; one side of the gasket 4 is in contact with and closely attached to the side face of the clamping end of the concrete sample 5, and the other side of the gasket 4 is flush with the surface of the longitudinal clamping plate 22 and closely attached to the longitudinal mounting groove 122; through set up gasket 4 between the exposed core side of concrete sample 5 and vertical mounting groove 122, eliminated the remaining space between the exposed core of concrete sample 5 and the anchor clamps body 11, ensured the contact of the exposed core of concrete sample 5 and the anchor clamps body 11 and closely laminated, and then satisfied the clamping action to the concrete sample 5 of different thickness sizes, improved the application range of tensile test anchor clamps.
The concrete test piece 5 adopts a symmetrical bone-shaped structure, the concrete test piece 5 comprises a first clamping end 51, a middle test section 52 and a second clamping end 53, and the first clamping end 51 and the second clamping end 53 are respectively arranged at two ends of the middle test section 52; the first clamping end 51 or the second clamping end 53 is embedded in the test piece installation groove 221, the vertical two sides of the first clamping end 51 and the second clamping end 53 are symmetrically provided with test piece clamping surfaces, and the test piece clamping surfaces are tightly attached to the side surfaces of the test piece installation groove 221; the test piece clamping surface comprises a first vertical clamping surface and a first inclined clamping surface which are sequentially connected, and the first inclined clamping surface is arranged close to the middle test section; a second vertical clamping surface and a second inclined clamping surface are sequentially and correspondingly arranged on the side surface of the test piece mounting groove 221, the first vertical clamping surface is tightly attached to the second vertical clamping surface, and the first inclined clamping surface is tightly attached to the second inclined clamping surface; the first inclined clamping surfaces are arranged on the side surfaces of the first clamping end 51 and the second clamping end 52, and the second inclined clamping surfaces are arranged on the side surfaces of the test piece installation groove 221, so that the surface contact effect between the clamping end of the concrete test piece and the test piece installation groove is increased, and the stress concentration of the concrete clamping end is effectively reduced; the concrete test piece adopts the symmetry bone column structure, when having ensured that tensile process drives the vertical removal of test piece holder, can exert the effort of vertical direction to the concrete test piece, realizes the tensile to the concrete test piece, and tensile process atress is even, has reduced the stress concentration of concrete test piece holder, has ensured that the fracture of concrete test piece takes place at the middle part test section department of concrete test piece, has improved the degree of accuracy of tensile test result.
The invention also provides a concrete uniaxial tension test method, which comprises the steps of firstly manufacturing a concrete sample according to the test requirements; then, the clamping end of the concrete test piece is installed in a test piece installation groove of the test piece clamping piece in a matched mode, then the test piece clamping piece with the concrete test piece is horizontally embedded in the clamp body, then the clamp body is fixedly connected with a tensile testing machine, and the distance between two working tables of the tensile testing machine is adjusted, so that the clamping end of the concrete test piece and the test piece clamping piece are in surface contact and close fit; and starting a tensile testing machine to perform a concrete uniaxial tensile test.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, the stirred concrete mortar is injected according to the designed shape of a concrete sample, the concrete sample is kept stand for 24 hours at room temperature and then is demoulded, the sample is placed into a standard concrete curing box for curing for 28 days, and then the concrete sample is taken out for carrying out a concrete uniaxial tension test.
In the test process, two test piece clamping pieces are used, and two clamping ends of a concrete test piece are respectively embedded in test piece mounting grooves of the two test piece clamping pieces; then, the two test piece clamping pieces provided with the concrete test pieces are respectively embedded into the T-shaped through grooves of the two clamp bodies in a sliding manner; then, adjusting the height of the upper and lower working tables of the tensile testing machine, and fixing the two clamp bodies on the upper and lower working tables of the tensile testing machine through two studs respectively; finely adjusting the positions of the clamp body and the test piece clamping piece and the heights of an upper workbench and a lower workbench of the tensile testing machine to finish the centering operation of the test piece and enable the concrete test piece, the test piece clamping piece and the clamp body to be in surface contact and close fit; at the moment, the tensile testing machine can be started to carry out the uniaxial tensile test of the concrete, when the concrete sample is close to the damage and begins to deform rapidly, the adjustment of the accelerator of the tensile testing machine is stopped until the concrete sample is damaged, and then the damage load is recorded.
In the whole tensile test process, the clamping end of the concrete test piece is in surface contact with and tightly attached to the clamp body and the test piece clamping piece; the clamp body and the test piece clamping piece are utilized to apply uniform surface force to two ends of the concrete test piece, the traditional point force applying mode is replaced, the local stress concentration generated by the contact of the concrete test piece and the clamp body and the test piece clamping piece can be reduced to the maximum extent, the damage of the concrete test piece at the root is reduced, and the fracture surface of the concrete test piece is generated in the middle of the test piece; meanwhile, when the concrete samples with different thicknesses are adopted for the tensile test, the gasket is arranged between the concrete samples and the longitudinal mounting groove of the clamp body, and the space between the clamping end of the concrete sample and the longitudinal mounting groove of the clamp body is filled by the gasket, so that the concrete sample with the thickness smaller than that of the sample clamping piece can still be subjected to the tensile test by using the tensile test clamp, and the tensile test of the concrete sample under multiple scales is met; the sliding type movement is adopted on the movement form between the clamp body and the test piece clamping piece in the concrete tensile test, so that the working efficiency of the test can be greatly improved, and the clamp is simple in structure and quick to mount and dismount; therefore, the invention can accurately measure the uniaxial tension test data of the concrete sample.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 6 and 8 to 14, the structure and design concept of the embodiment 2 are substantially the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that the test piece holder 2 of the embodiment 2 is designed in a split manner, and the test piece holder 2 of the embodiment 1 is divided into two parts along the vertical plane thereof.
Specifically, the test piece clamping member 2 comprises a first clamping member 201 and a second clamping member 202, and the first clamping member 201 and the second clamping member 202 are symmetrically arranged in the T-shaped through groove 12; the first clamping member 201 comprises a first transverse clamping plate and a first longitudinal clamping plate, and the first transverse clamping plate and the first longitudinal clamping plate are vertically fixed; the second clamping member 202 comprises a second transverse clamping plate and a second longitudinal clamping plate, and the second transverse clamping plate and the second longitudinal clamping plate are vertically fixed; the first transverse clamping plate and the second transverse clamping plate are symmetrically arranged in the transverse mounting groove 121, and the first transverse clamping plate and the second transverse clamping plate are detachably fixed with the clamp body 11; preferably, the two sides of the first transverse clamping plate and the second transverse clamping plate are uniformly provided with a plurality of circular through holes with the same radius, a plurality of circular through holes are uniformly formed in the upper portion of the transverse mounting groove, the circular through holes correspond to the circular through holes, the first transverse clamping plate or the second transverse clamping plate is fixed to the transverse mounting groove through pins, the pins sequentially penetrate through the circular through holes and the circular through holes, and the first transverse clamping plate or the second transverse clamping plate is fixedly connected with the transverse mounting groove.
The first longitudinal clamping plate and the second longitudinal clamping plate are symmetrically arranged in the longitudinal mounting groove 122, one end of the first longitudinal clamping plate is provided with a first mounting groove, one end of the second longitudinal clamping plate is provided with a second mounting groove, and the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove are spliced to form a test piece mounting groove 221; when the clamping device is used, the clamping end of the concrete test piece with the larger width dimension is arranged between the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove, the positions of the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece in the T-shaped through groove are adjusted, and the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece are fixed through the double rows of pins, so that the purpose of stably clamping the concrete test piece is achieved; embodiment 2 relieves the limitation of the test piece clamping piece on the width of the concrete test piece; through the holes at different positions of the transverse clamping plate and the transverse mounting groove, the purposes of clamping and stretching test pieces with different widths can be realized, and the clamping effect on concrete test pieces with different width sizes is met; preferably, the tensile test fixture in embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is combined, so that the concrete samples with different thicknesses and width dimensions can be clamped and fixed, and the usability and the application range of the tensile test fixture are expanded.
The test fixture comprises a fixture body, a test piece clamping piece, an outward protruding sleeve and a gasket, wherein a clamping end of a concrete test piece is embedded in a test piece mounting groove of the test piece clamping piece, and the test piece clamping piece is horizontally embedded in the fixture body, so that the geometric constraint of the clamping end of the concrete test piece is realized, and the concrete test piece is kept in close contact with the test piece clamping piece and the fixture body; the clamp body is of a cubic steel block structure, and a T-shaped through groove with one or two through ends is formed in the longitudinal middle axial surface of the cubic steel block; the test piece clamping piece adopts a T-shaped clamping piece formed by combining a transverse clamping plate and a longitudinal clamping plate, and the T-shaped clamping piece adopts a steel composite plate structure; the transverse clamping plate is a symmetrical plane and is in close fit connection with the transverse mounting groove; a test piece mounting groove is formed in the center of the longitudinal clamping plate, the shape of the test piece mounting groove is matched with the shape of a clamping end of a concrete test piece, and a clamping end face of the concrete test piece is in close contact fit with the test piece mounting groove; the end part of the T-shaped through groove is provided with a pair of concave cylindrical surfaces, the end part of the T-shaped clamping piece is provided with a columnar fixing part, and the columnar fixing parts can mutually match and slide in the concave cylindrical surfaces; an outer convex sleeve is arranged at the center of the end part of the clamp body, and an internal thread is arranged in the outer convex sleeve and can be matched, connected and fixed with power equipment used for a tensile test through a stud.
In the invention, the test piece clamping piece is mutually matched through the T-shaped through grooves of the clamp body to form a slide block guide rail mechanism so as to realize the reciprocating sliding of the test piece clamping piece between the T-shaped through grooves of the clamp body; when the clamp is used, the two clamp bodies are taken, the two clamping ends of the concrete test piece are respectively embedded into the corresponding test piece mounting grooves in the middle of the test piece clamping piece, and then the test piece clamping pieces for clamping the upper clamping end and the lower clamping end of the concrete test piece are slidably embedded into the T-shaped through grooves of the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body, so that the concrete test piece and the clamp bodies are fixedly connected; finally, adjusting the heights of an upper working table and a lower working table of the tensile testing machine, fixing the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body on the tensile testing machine by utilizing two studs, finely adjusting the position of the test piece clamping piece and the heights of the upper working table and the lower working table of the tensile testing machine, finishing the centering operation of the tested concrete test piece, and enabling the test piece clamping piece, the clamp bodies and the concrete test piece to be in surface contact and close fit with each other; at the moment, the tensile testing machine can be started to carry out the uniaxial tensile test of the concrete sample; when the test piece begins to deform rapidly after approaching the damage, the adjustment of the accelerator of the tensile testing machine is stopped until the test piece is damaged, and then the damage load is recorded.
The outer convex sleeve and the corresponding stud arranged at the center of the end part of the clamp body are used for realizing the fixed matching between the tensile testing machine and the clamp body, so that a through hole for connecting the stud is prevented from being directly arranged at the center of the end part of the clamp body, the structural strength of the end part of the clamp body is improved, the deformation of the clamp body caused by the through hole in the tensile process is eliminated, and a certain effect on improving the accuracy of the test is achieved; the convex sleeve is connected with the joint of the clamp body through the fillet, so that the structural strength is effectively improved, the stress concentration phenomenon generated at the root part of the structure is eliminated, and the phenomenon that the clamp structure fails in the test process is prevented.
According to the invention, on the structural design of the test piece clamping piece, the cylindrical fixing part at the end part of the test piece clamping piece adopts a cylindrical structural design mode, so that the long-term use of the test piece clamping piece is facilitated, and the problems of test errors and the like caused by the fact that the clamping end of the concrete test piece is not attached to the test piece clamping piece due to the fact that the clamping part of the test piece clamping piece generates outward expansion displacement after long-term use are avoided.
The test fixture and the test method provided by the invention have the following advantages in the aspect of clamping the concrete sample: through the matching between the clamp body and the test piece clamping piece, the geometric constraint is formed on the concrete test piece, the traditional external force clamping mode is replaced, the local stress concentration of the concrete test piece at the clamping surface caused by external force clamping is effectively solved, and the additional damage of cracks, creep and the like of the concrete test piece at the clamping surface is avoided; the stability in the test process is improved, and the accuracy in the tensile test process is effectively improved; in the aspect of the size of the concrete sample used in cooperation with the tensile test fixture: on one hand, the gasket is arranged between the clamping end of the concrete test piece and the longitudinal mounting groove, and the gasket which is the same as the clamping end of the concrete test piece in shape and different in thickness is used for eliminating the residual space between the clamping end of the concrete test piece and the test piece clamping piece when the thickness of the concrete test piece is smaller than that of the test piece clamping piece, so that the concrete test pieces with different thickness sizes can be clamped; on the other hand, the test piece clamping pieces are arranged in a split mode, so that the clamping effect on the concrete test pieces with different width sizes is realized, and the aim of performing a tensile test on the multi-scale concrete test piece is fulfilled; in the specimen clamping manner: the concrete test piece, the test piece clamping piece and the clamp body are in surface contact, so that the stress concentration of the clamping part of the test piece is reduced, the risk of damage of the concrete test piece at the end part is reduced, the fracture surface is ensured to be generated in the middle of the test piece, and the accuracy of a tensile test result is effectively improved; the main body of the invention only comprises two parts, thereby greatly optimizing the complexity of the tensile test clamp, having less operation steps in the using process and simple installation and disassembly, and being capable of obviously improving the efficiency of test work.
The above-described embodiment is only one of the embodiments that can implement the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, but includes any variations, substitutions and other embodiments that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed.
Claims (9)
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| CN113267405B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2023-04-28 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Seawater environment simulation device for normal-temperature uniaxial creep test and installation method |
| CN117030468A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-11-10 | 广州市市政工程机械施工有限公司 | Tensile stress-strain full curve testing device for ultra-high performance concrete specimens and its testing method |
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