CN106483016A - A kind of concrete sample uniaxial tension Complete stress-strain curve experimental rig - Google Patents
A kind of concrete sample uniaxial tension Complete stress-strain curve experimental rig Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种混凝土试验装置，属于混凝土材料性能测试技术领域。该试验装置包括：传力板、传力螺杆、引伸计、拉伸夹具和拉力试验机；拉伸试验机驱动拉伸夹具；拉伸夹具布置在混凝土试件两端，引伸计的信号输出至拉力试验机。本发明提供的混凝土试件单轴拉伸应力‑应变全曲线试验装置，以传力螺杆和传力板构成刚性框架；并将该刚性框架与试件刚性结合成一个整体，使得混凝土试件在达到荷载峰值后，随着应变的增加，其与刚性框架成的整体结构荷载下降速率显著放缓，使得试验机的荷载变化率能跟上该结构，混凝土试件能够继续稳定的加载，从而最终测得混凝土单轴拉伸的应力‑应变全曲线。
The invention relates to a concrete test device, which belongs to the technical field of performance test of concrete materials. The test device includes: a force transmission plate, a force transmission screw, an extensometer, a tensile fixture and a tensile testing machine; the tensile testing machine drives the tensile fixture; the tensile fixture is arranged at both ends of the concrete specimen, and the signal of the extensometer is output to Tensile testing machine. The concrete test piece uniaxial tensile stress-strain full curve test device provided by the invention forms a rigid frame with a force transmission screw and a force transmission plate; and the rigid frame and the test piece are rigidly combined into a whole, so that the concrete test piece is After reaching the peak load, as the strain increases, the rate of load decrease of the overall structure formed by the rigid frame slows down significantly, so that the load change rate of the testing machine can keep up with the structure, and the concrete specimen can continue to be loaded stably, so that the final The full stress-strain curve of concrete uniaxial tension was measured.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种混凝土试验装置，尤其涉及一种混凝土单轴拉伸应力-应变全曲线试验装置，属于混凝土材料性能测试技术领域。The invention relates to a concrete test device, in particular to a concrete uniaxial tensile stress-strain full curve test device, which belongs to the technical field of concrete material performance testing.
背景技术Background technique
当前，单轴拉伸试验是测试混凝土抗拉能力的主要方法。水利行业的标准文件为SL352-2006《水工混凝土试验规程》。根据其所提供的试验方式，单轴拉伸试验采用以稳定的加荷速度进行加载，当荷载达到峰值后，试件断裂，试验结束，该方法可以测得混凝土单轴受拉条件下的弹性模量及极限抗拉强度。采用这种方法的好处是试验便于实施，结果容易分析。Currently, the uniaxial tensile test is the main method for testing the tensile capacity of concrete. The standard document of the hydraulic industry is SL352-2006 "Hydraulic Concrete Test Regulations". According to the test method provided, the uniaxial tensile test is loaded at a stable loading speed. When the load reaches the peak value, the specimen breaks and the test ends. This method can measure the elasticity of concrete under uniaxial tension. modulus and ultimate tensile strength. The advantage of using this method is that the test is easy to implement and the results are easy to analyze.
但是，SL352-2006《水工混凝土试验规程》所提供的方法并不能完全的得到混凝土的抗拉性能。与混凝土抗压性能类似，混凝土受拉在达到峰值后一样会有峰后软化现象，即混凝土的应力应变曲线在达到峰值后会开始下降，且存在完整下降段。《水工混凝土试验规程》采用的方法在荷载达到峰值后试验就结束了，并没有考虑峰后软化这一现象，导致目前混凝土的拉伸试验并没有真实、完全的反映混凝土的抗拉性能。However, the method provided by SL352-2006 "Hydraulic Concrete Test Regulations" cannot fully obtain the tensile properties of concrete. Similar to the compressive performance of concrete, concrete will also have post-peak softening after reaching the peak tension, that is, the stress-strain curve of concrete will begin to decline after reaching the peak, and there is a complete decline section. The method adopted in the "Hydraulic Concrete Test Regulations" ends the test after the load reaches the peak value, and does not consider the phenomenon of post-peak softening. As a result, the current tensile test of concrete does not truly and completely reflect the tensile performance of concrete.
针对混凝土单轴受拉应力-应变全曲线的试验主要采用闭环伺服试验机，以荷载、变形量或位移为反馈控制信号对试件进行加载。当试验机刚度足够时，(即试验机所能提供的荷载速率能跟上混凝土试件峰后荷载下降时的速率)，是能够测出应力-应变全曲线的；但是一般的试验机刚度难以达到要求，导致试件在达到应力峰值后同样出现失稳破坏。因此，一种简易、可行的测量混凝土单轴拉伸应力-应变全曲线的方法亟待产生。For the test of concrete uniaxial tensile stress-strain full curve, the closed-loop servo testing machine is mainly used to load the specimen with load, deformation or displacement as the feedback control signal. When the stiffness of the testing machine is sufficient, (that is, the load rate provided by the testing machine can keep up with the rate when the load drops after the peak of the concrete specimen), it is possible to measure the full stress-strain curve; but the stiffness of the general testing machine is difficult Meet the requirements, resulting in the same failure of the specimen after reaching the stress peak value. Therefore, a simple and feasible method for measuring the full uniaxial tensile stress-strain curve of concrete needs to be developed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决技术问题是：克服上述技术的缺点；提出一种简易可行，且适用于多种形式的混凝土试件的测量混凝土单轴拉伸应力-应变全曲线的装置。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the disadvantages of the above-mentioned technologies; to propose a simple and feasible device for measuring the full uniaxial tensile stress-strain curve of concrete suitable for various types of concrete specimens.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案是：一种混凝土试件单轴拉伸应力-应变全曲线试验装置，包括布置在所述混凝土试件两端的两块传力板、连接两块所述传力板的若干个传力螺杆、安装在所述混凝土试件受拉段的引伸计、拉伸夹具和拉力试验机；所述拉伸试验机驱动所述拉伸夹具；所述拉伸夹具布置在所述混凝土试件两端，用于拉伸所述混凝土试件；所述引伸计的信号输出至所述拉力试验机；所述传力螺杆均匀的布置在所述混凝土试件周围。In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is: a concrete test piece uniaxial tensile stress-strain full curve test device, including two force transmission plates arranged at both ends of the concrete test piece, connecting two Several force transmission screws of the force transmission plate, an extensometer installed on the tensile section of the concrete specimen, a tensile fixture and a tensile testing machine; the tensile testing machine drives the tensile fixture; the tensile The extension clamps are arranged at both ends of the concrete specimen for stretching the concrete specimen; the signal of the extensometer is output to the tensile testing machine; the force transmission screw is evenly arranged on the concrete specimen around.
上述方案进一步的改进在于：所述传力板为钢板制成，其上具有与所述传力螺杆对应的孔，所述传力螺杆从所述孔中穿过，并以螺母固定。A further improvement of the above solution is that: the force transmission plate is made of a steel plate, and has a hole corresponding to the force transmission screw on it, and the force transmission screw passes through the hole and is fixed with a nut.
上述方案进一步的改进在于：所述孔的内径为20mm。A further improvement of the above solution is that: the inner diameter of the hole is 20mm.
上述方案进一步的改进在于：所述传力螺杆的直径为18mm，长度大于等于660mm。A further improvement of the above solution is: the diameter of the force transmission screw is 18 mm, and the length is greater than or equal to 660 mm.
上述方案中的混凝土试件单轴拉伸应力-应变全曲线试验装置的使用方法如下：The method of using the concrete specimen uniaxial tensile stress-strain full curve test device in the above scheme is as follows:
(1)将混凝土试件放入拉伸夹具之中；(1) Put the concrete specimen into the tensile fixture;
(2)在混凝土试件上下两端放置传力板，将传力螺杆从传力板的孔中穿过，然后用六角螺母3在上下两头将其固定；(2) Place the force transmission plate at the upper and lower ends of the concrete specimen, pass the force transmission screw through the hole of the force transmission plate, and then fix it at the upper and lower ends with hex nuts 3;
(3)将引伸计固定于混凝土试件受拉段的表面，并将其接入拉力试验机；(3) Fix the extensometer on the surface of the tensile section of the concrete specimen, and connect it to the tensile testing machine;
(4)启动拉力试验机并记录数据，根据如下公式计算混凝土实际所受荷载：F＝F'-4×E×A1×ε；式中，F为混凝土试件所受荷载；F'为整体结构所受荷载；E为拉力螺杆受拉弹模；A1为拉伸螺杆截面积；ε为引伸计测得的数据；(4) Start the tensile testing machine and record the data, and calculate the actual load on the concrete according to the following formula: F=F'-4×E×A 1 ×ε; where, F is the load on the concrete specimen; F' is The load on the overall structure; E is the tension elastic modulus of the tension screw; A1 is the cross - sectional area of the tension screw; ε is the data measured by the extensometer;
(5)将混凝土试件所受荷载换算为应力，并与引伸计测得的应变数据共同绘成应力-应变曲线，换算应力的公式为：σ＝F/A；式中，σ混凝土试件的受拉应力；F为上步计算所得的混凝土试件所受荷载；A为混凝土试件受拉段截面积；如此，即可得到完整的混凝土单轴拉伸应力-应变曲线。(5) Convert the load on the concrete specimen into stress, and draw the stress-strain curve together with the strain data measured by the extensometer. The formula for converting stress is: σ=F/A; where, σconcrete specimen The tensile stress of the concrete specimen; F is the load on the concrete specimen calculated in the previous step; A is the cross-sectional area of the tensile section of the concrete specimen; in this way, a complete concrete uniaxial tensile stress-strain curve can be obtained.
本发明提供的混凝土试件单轴拉伸应力-应变全曲线试验装置，以传力螺杆和传力板构成刚性框架；并将该刚性框架与试件刚性结合成一个整体，使得混凝土试件在达到荷载峰值后，随着应变的增加，其与刚性框架成的整体结构荷载下降速率显著放缓，使得试验机的荷载变化率能跟上该结构，混凝土试件能够继续稳定的加载，从而最终测得混凝土单轴拉伸的应力-应变全曲线。The concrete specimen uniaxial tensile stress-strain full curve test device provided by the invention comprises a rigid frame with a force transmission screw and a force transmission plate; After reaching the peak load, as the strain increases, the rate of load decrease of the overall structure formed by the rigid frame slows down significantly, so that the load change rate of the testing machine can keep up with the structure, and the concrete specimen can continue to be loaded stably, so that the final The full stress-strain curve of concrete uniaxial tension was measured.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
图1是本发明实施例的一个优选的实施例结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention.
图2是图1中传力板、传力螺杆、混凝土试件固定连接后结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed connection of the force transmission plate, the force transmission screw and the concrete test piece in Fig. 1 .
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例Example
本实施例的混凝土试件单轴拉伸应力-应变全曲线试验装置，如图1所示，包括布置在混凝土试件6两端的传力板1、将两个传力板1固定连接的四个传力螺杆2、安装在混凝土试件6受拉段的引伸计4、拉伸夹具5和MTS拉力试验机(图中未示)；MTS拉力试验机驱动拉伸夹具5；拉伸夹具5布置在混凝土试件6两端，用于拉伸混凝土试件6；引伸计4的信号输出至MTS拉力试验机。The concrete specimen uniaxial tensile stress-strain full curve test device of the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. A force transmission screw 2, an extensometer 4 installed in the tensile section of the concrete specimen 6, a tensile fixture 5 and an MTS tensile testing machine (not shown); the MTS tensile testing machine drives the tensile fixture 5; the tensile fixture 5 Arranged at both ends of the concrete specimen 6, used to stretch the concrete specimen 6; the signal of the extensometer 4 is output to the MTS tensile testing machine.
传力板1为钢板制成，其上具有与传力螺杆2对应的孔，传力螺杆2从孔中穿过，并以六角螺母3固定，如图2所示。孔的内径为20mm。传力螺杆2的直径为18mm，长度大于等于660mm。以便适应不同尺寸的试件。The force transmission plate 1 is made of a steel plate and has a hole corresponding to the force transmission screw 2. The force transmission screw 2 passes through the hole and is fixed with a hex nut 3, as shown in FIG. 2 . The inner diameter of the hole is 20 mm. The diameter of the force transmission screw 2 is 18mm, and the length is greater than or equal to 660mm. In order to adapt to test pieces of different sizes.
本实施例提供的混凝土试件单轴拉伸应力-应变全曲线试验装置的使用方法如下：The method of using the concrete specimen uniaxial tensile stress-strain full curve test device provided in this embodiment is as follows:
(1)将混凝土试件6放入夹具5之中；(1) concrete specimen 6 is put into fixture 5;
(2)在混凝土试件6上下两端放置传力板1，将4根传力螺杆2置于传力板1四个角，并从孔中穿过，然后用六角螺母3在上下两头将其固定，使混凝土试件6与传力板1、传力螺杆2、六角螺母3组成的刚性框架构成一个新的整体；(2) Place the force transmission plate 1 at the upper and lower ends of the concrete specimen 6, place four force transmission screws 2 at the four corners of the force transmission plate 1, and pass through the holes, and then use hex nuts 3 to screw the It is fixed so that the rigid frame composed of the concrete specimen 6 and the force transmission plate 1, the force transmission screw 2 and the hex nut 3 forms a new whole;
(3)将引伸计4固定于混凝土试件6受拉段的表面，并将其接入MTS试验机控制系统，采用以引伸计4的读数为试验机反馈控制信号，并设定引伸计4读数的变化速率，进行加载；(3) Fix the extensometer 4 on the surface of the tensile section of the concrete specimen 6, and connect it to the MTS testing machine control system, adopt the reading of the extensometer 4 as the feedback control signal of the testing machine, and set the extensometer 4 The rate of change of the reading, for loading;
(4)启动MTS拉力试验机并记录数据，根据如下公式计算混凝土实际所受荷载：F＝F'-4×E×A1×ε；式中，F为混凝土试件所受荷载；F'为整体结构所受荷载；E为拉力螺杆受拉弹模；A1为拉伸螺杆截面积；ε为引伸计测得的数据；(4) Start the MTS tensile testing machine and record the data, and calculate the actual load on the concrete according to the following formula: F=F'-4×E×A 1 ×ε; where, F is the load on the concrete specimen; F' is the load on the overall structure; E is the tensile elastic modulus of the tensile screw; A1 is the cross - sectional area of the tensile screw; ε is the data measured by the extensometer;
(5)将混凝土试件所受荷载换算为应力，并与引伸计测得的应变数据共同绘成应力-应变曲线，换算应力的公式为：σ＝F/A；式中，σ混凝土试件的受拉应力；F为上步计算所得的混凝土试件所受荷载；A为混凝土试件受拉段截面积；如此，即可得到完整的混凝土单轴拉伸应力-应变曲线。(5) Convert the load on the concrete specimen into stress, and draw the stress-strain curve together with the strain data measured by the extensometer. The formula for converting stress is: σ=F/A; where, σconcrete specimen The tensile stress of the concrete specimen; F is the load on the concrete specimen calculated in the previous step; A is the cross-sectional area of the tensile section of the concrete specimen; in this way, a complete concrete uniaxial tensile stress-strain curve can be obtained.
本发明不局限于上述实施例所述的具体技术方案，除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换形成的技术方案，均为本发明要求的保护范围。The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments. Besides the above embodiments, the present invention can also have other implementation modes. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement are within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
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