CN109456351A - 一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物及其制备和在抑制眼角膜新生血管生长光敏药物中的应用 - Google Patents
一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物及其制备和在抑制眼角膜新生血管生长光敏药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物及其制备和在抑制眼角膜新生血管生长光敏药物中的应用。基于经典的氟硼染料合成路线及Knoevenagel等有机反应合成一系列两亲性氟硼染料有机物,该两亲性氟硼染料有机物在水溶液中可以组装形成1~100纳米的纳米粒子,能成功穿透细胞膜进入细胞中,且在680nm光照条件下,能产生单线态氧,从而抑制眼角膜新生血管的生长,适用于角膜新生血管生长的光动力学治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型氟硼染料有机物,特别涉及一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物及其合成方法,还涉及两亲性氟硼染料有机物在抑制眼角膜新生血管生长药物中的应用,属于药物合成领域。
背景技术
氟硼荧二吡咯(BODIPY)是当前受到人们广泛关注的一类荧光色团。BODIPY荧光分子具有非常优异的光物理性质[Chem.Rev.2007,107,4891–4932],主要表现在以下几个方面:(1)高荧光量子产率,量子产率通常可以达到0.60以上,不少该类分子的量子产率接近于1。(2)高摩尔消光系数。(3)稳定的光谱性质,在没有干扰基团(如特定识别基团、质子化或去质子化取代基等)时,溶剂极性和pH值等因素对荧光发射光谱的的影响较小。(4)较窄的荧光光谱峰宽,这使得荧光探针在分析中有着非常髙的检测灵敏度,甚至微量的待测样品,都可以使荧光探针分子发生明显的光谱变化,从而反映出样品的存在。(5)较高的光热及化学稳定性,保证了荧光分析过程中光谱信号的稳定性以及可靠性。
除了以上提及的几点优异的光物理性质外,在分子设计上,BODIPY也有易于多位点改性特点。如可以通过增加共轭程度或引入杂原子,其发射波长可以从500至800nm进行调节[Chem.Soc.Rev.2014,43,4778-4823];同时,也可以通过引入识别基元,制备一系列离子识别的BODIPY荧光探针[Chem.Soc.Rev.2012,41,1130-1172.];另外,由于该色团细胞毒性较低,引入各种细胞器识别基元,可以进行细胞器内荧光成像,从而应用于光动力学治疗与疾病诊断等领域。
生理状态下,眼角膜的无血管化是维持屈光间质透明、获得清晰视觉的必要前提。但是由于炎症、变性等诸多原因导致维持角膜无血管的平衡因素被破坏,角膜缘的毛细血管侵入角膜周边部以内,形成角膜新生血管。角膜新生血管的出现,不仅破坏角膜的透明性,而且带来抗原抗体复合物等炎症因素,可能进一步加剧角膜病变的发生和发展。目前针对以角膜血管翳为代表的一类眼部新生血管治疗还有诸多困难,抗血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endotheliual growth factor,VEGF)尽管有效,但需要重复注射且费用昂贵;况且不是所有的新生血管都对抗VEGF药物应答良好,因此需要寻找新的抑制新生血管的治疗策略或者药物。
发明内容
针对现有角膜新生血管治疗存在的问题,本发明的第一个目的是在于提供一种具有两亲性的氟硼染料有机物,该氟硼染料有机物在水溶液中易于聚集成纳米尺寸胶束,对细胞膜具有很好的穿透能力,其对毒性低,对正常细胞安全无毒,且在680nm近红外长波光照射下,可以产生单线态氧,能够抑制眼角膜新生血管生成,可以作为光敏药物用于眼角膜新生血管光动力学治疗。
本发明的第二个目的是在于提供一种简单、低成本制备两亲性氟硼染料有机物的方法。
本发明的第三个目的是在于提供氟硼染料有机物在制备抑制眼角膜新生血管生成的光敏药物中的应用,氟硼染料有机物能够穿透细胞膜进入细胞,在近红外长波光照射下,可以产生单线态氧,能够抑制眼角膜新生血管生成,可以作为用于眼角膜新生血管光动力学治疗新型光敏药物应用。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明提供了一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物,其具有式I结构:
其中,
R1为氢或甲基;
R2为C1~C5烷基;
R3为氢或碘;
n、m和o独立选自3~9;
Ar为芳基或芳杂环。
优选的两亲性氟硼染料有机物中,R1可以为氢,也可以为短链烷基,如甲基等。R2可以为C1~C5短链烷基,短链烷基可以为直链烷基或者含支链的烷基,如甲基或乙基丁基、戊基等。R3为氢或碘。n、m和o为烷氧链的长度,n、m和o优选为4~6。Ar可以为苯基或者在苯环上还可以含一些常规取代基团,如短链烷基、烷氧基等,Ar可以为萘基或者多苯环的稠环,如芘基,Ar可以为芳杂环,如吡啶基或N甲基吡啶碘盐基团,或噻吩等。
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料化合物中烷基链的长短影响两亲性氟硼染料有机物的亲水亲油比,烷基链越长,亲水性越弱,同样烷氧链的长度也可以调节两亲性氟硼染料有机物的亲水亲油比,烷氧链越长,亲水性越好,因此可以根据实际情况来对烷基链和烷氧链长度进行调节,调控两亲分子的亲疏水比例,实现不同形貌的纳米粒子的制备。本发明的可以控制两亲性氟硼染料化合物在水溶液中形成1~100纳米范围的纳米颗粒,能成功穿过细胞膜进入细胞。
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料化合物中碘的引入,通过重原子效应有利于产生单线态氧。
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料化合物通过引入共轭基团,其平面性增强,使得两亲性氟硼染料化合物的发光波长红移到红光及近红外区域,有利于吸收光红移,通过照射红外光即可激发产生单线态氧,减少短波长光对细胞的损害。另外,离子键的引入也可以有效调节染料分子的亲疏水性。
最优选的两亲性氟硼染料,如下几种结构:
其中,R1为甲基或氢,R2为甲基或乙基,R3为碘或氢。
本发明还提供了一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物的合成方法,该方法是将式II结构氟硼染料化合物与式III结构醛类化合物进行Knoevenagel反应,即得;
其中,
R1为氢或甲基;
R2为C1~C5烷基;
R3为氢或碘;
n、m和o独立选自3~9;
Ar为芳基或芳杂环。
优选的式II结构氟硼染料化合物中R1为氢或甲基;R2为甲基或乙基;R3为氢或碘;n、m和o均选自4~6。式II结构氟硼染料化合物可以根据现有公开的文献(Chem.-Eur.J.2014,20,16634-16643)来自己合成。
优选的式III结构醛类化合物,Ar为苯基、吡啶基、N甲基吡啶碘盐基团或芘基。
优选的方案,在哌啶/甲苯混合溶液体系中,式II结构氟硼染料化合物与式III结构醛类化合物在甲苯磺酸催化下,于110~130℃温度下反应8~16h。
优选的方案,式II结构氟硼染料化合物与式III结构醛类化合物的摩尔比为1:3~5。
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料有机物的具体合成方法:先借鉴现有文献方法合成烷氧醚修饰的氟硼染料(式II结构氟硼染料化合物),再进一步与芳香醛在120℃条件下,分水进行Knoevenagel缩合反应12h后,硅胶柱分离纯化得到的固体产物,所得产物均需冰箱低温保存。
本发明还提供了两亲性氟硼染料有机物的应用,其应用于制备抑制眼部新生血管生长的光敏药物。
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料有机物具有适宜的亲水亲油比,在水溶液中可以通过自聚集形成粒径较小的纳米颗粒,有利于提高其对细胞膜的穿透能力。
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料有机物用于细胞成像和毒性分析,为无毒性纳米粒子,可以穿过细胞膜,进行细胞质的染色。
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料有机物在长波长光照射下,产生单线态氧,可以抑制眼部新生血管的生成,特别适合用于眼部新生血管的光动力学治疗。
与现有技术相比较,本发明技术方案具有如下显而易见的突出实质性特点和显著优点:
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料有机物亲疏水比例易于调节,且可以控制两亲性氟硼染料有机物在水溶液中生成1~100纳米范围的纳米离子,能成功穿过细胞膜进入细胞,对细胞质进行染色;
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料有机物通过共轭平面的延长控制两亲氟硼染料分子的发射波长在长波长处,对动物细胞危害性小;
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料有机物对正常细胞无毒性;
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料有机物长波长照射下可以产生单线态氧,高效抑制动物眼角膜新生血管,特别适合眼角膜新生血管的光动力学治疗;
本发明的两亲性氟硼染料有机物合成方法简单,易于得到,成本相对较低。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的两亲性氟硼染料化合物B的核磁氢谱图;
图2为实施例1制备的两亲性氟硼染料化合物C的核磁氢谱图;
图3为两亲氟硼染料分子原子力显微镜图片及高度图;
图4为两亲氟硼染料纳米粒子在HeLa细胞中共聚焦显微镜照片;
图5为采用角膜缝线法建立小鼠角膜新生血管模型,2周后角膜新生血管形成;将氟硼染料纳米颗粒经结膜下注射后被角膜摄取,然后采用680纳米光进行照射,激发单态氧的产生,从宏观肉眼观察证实角膜新生血管得到有效抑制;两亲氟硼染料纳米粒子在老鼠眼睛中光照前(左)与光照后(右)角膜新生血管照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例对本发明作进一步阐述,但这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明阐述的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
氟硼染料分子A的合成。该类分子的重要前体可参考已发表的文献Chem.-Eur.J.2014,20,16634-16643。将前体(0.1mmol)与4当量芳香醛(0.4mmol)混合后,加入催化量对甲苯磺酸(10mg),少量哌啶(1mL)以及采用甲苯(20mL)作溶剂,氮气保护下,120℃回流12h,蒸干溶剂。冷却后加水洗涤,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥后,硅胶柱分离得到两亲性氟硼染料分子。氟硼染料分子B和D采用与氟硼染料分子A类似合成路线可以制备。
化合物C的合成:在氮气氛围下,将化合物B与10当量的碘甲烷溶解于四氢呋喃溶剂中,回流12h,冷却后旋蒸去除过量的碘甲烷和溶剂,即可得到化合物C。
采用核磁共振氢谱验证分子结构式(图1)。化合物A:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=0.88(t,J=6.75Hz,6H,CH3),1.47-1.50(m,6H,CH3),1.77-1.83(m,3H,CH2),3.47-3.77(m,30H,CH2),3.85(s,6H,CH2),4.00(t,J=6.30Hz,4H,CH2),4.13(t,J=6.30Hz,4H,CH2),4.24(s,6H,CH2),6.56-6.59(m,2H,CH),6.92(d,J=8.60Hz,3H,CH),7.22(s,2H,CH),7.56(d,J=8.35Hz,4H,CH),7.60(s,2H,CH)。
化合物B:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.60(d,J=4.67Hz,4H),7.92(d,J=10.12Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=7.54Hz,4H),7.28(d,J=5.84Hz,2H),7.01(dd,J=3.58Hz,4H),6.80(s,2H),4.25(t,J=4.84Hz,2H),4.23(t,J=6.16Hz,4H),3.50-3.80(m,44H),3.20(d,J=8.70,9H).
化合物C:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.93(d,J=6.14Hz,4H),8.22(d,J=7.76Hz,4H),7.98(s,4H),7.48(d,J=3.34Hz,2H),7.32(d,J=3.44Hz,2H),7.00(s,2H),4.33(s,6H),4.20(d,J=9.84Hz,6H),3.74(d,J=7.88Hz,6H),3.20-3.61(m,48H)。
化合物D:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.63–8.51(m,6H),8.26–8.03(m,22H),7.21(d,J=4.6Hz,2H),7.01(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),6.87(s,2H),4.30(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),4.24(t,J=5.0Hz,4H),3.91–3.53(m,42H),3.35ppm(d,J=12.2Hz,9H).
纳米粒子与细胞成像研究:将氟硼染料A首先溶解在四氢呋喃溶剂中,浓度为1mM,置于注射泵后,缓慢滴加至纯水溶剂中(速度为1毫升/小时),滴加完成后,挥发四氢呋喃溶剂,即可制备的纳米粒子。所制备的纳米粒子采用旋涂方法,2000转/分钟,滴加至云母片上,进行原子力显微镜观察形貌(图3)。细胞毒性测试为MTT方法。将HeLa细胞置于10%PBS缓冲液中,保持在37℃下,5%CO2氛围下,分别加入1μM,5μM,10μM,20μM,50μM氟硼染料纳米粒子水溶液,测试24小时后细胞的成活率。细胞成像则是将不同染色时间的细胞经过干净的PBS缓冲液洗涤后,采用488纳米波长光激发,测量从550-700nm范围内的不同通道荧光发射情况(图4)。
采用角膜缝线法建立小鼠角膜新生血管模型,2周后角膜新生血管形成;将氟硼染料纳米颗粒经结膜下注射后被角膜摄取,然后采用680纳米光进行照射,激发单态氧的产生,从宏观肉眼和角膜组织CD31-FITC免疫荧光染色法观察,均证实角膜新生血管得到有效抑制(图5)。
Claims (7)
1.一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物,其特征在于:具有式I结构:
其中,
R1为氢或甲基;
R2为C1~C5烷基;
R3为氢或碘;
n、m和o独立选自3~9;
Ar为芳基或芳杂环。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物,其特征在于:
R2为甲基或乙基;
R3为氢或碘;
n、m和o均选自4~6;
Ar为苯基、吡啶基、N甲基吡啶碘盐基团或芘基。
3.权利要求1或2所述的一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物的合成方法,其特征在于:
将式II结构氟硼染料化合物与式III结构醛类化合物进行Knoevenagel反应,即得;
其中,
R1为氢或甲基;
R2为C1~C5烷基;
R3为氢或碘;
n、m和o独立选自3~9;
Ar为芳基或芳杂环。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物的制备方法,其特征在于:
R2为甲基或乙基;
R3为氢或碘;
n、m和o均选自4~6;
Ar为苯基、吡啶基、N甲基吡啶碘盐基团或芘基。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物的制备方法,其特征在于:在哌啶/甲苯混合溶液体系中,式II结构氟硼染料化合物与式III结构醛类化合物在甲苯磺酸催化下,于110~130℃温度下反应8~16h。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种两亲性氟硼染料有机物的制备方法,其特征在于:式II结构氟硼染料化合物与式III结构醛类化合物的摩尔比为1:3~5。
7.权利要求1或2所述两亲性氟硼染料有机物的应用,其特征在于:应用于制备抑制眼角膜新生血管生长的光敏药物。
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