CN109441718B

CN109441718B - Blade floating type offshore wind driven generator with functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting

Info

Publication number: CN109441718B
Application number: CN201811527300.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苏浩; 曾攀; 雷丽萍
Original assignee: Tsinghua University
Current assignee: Tsinghua University
Priority date: 2018-12-13
Filing date: 2018-12-13
Publication date: 2020-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-13
Also published as: CN109441718A

Abstract

The invention discloses a blade floating type offshore wind driven generator with functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting, which comprises: the device comprises a floating type blade device, a hub, a generator set, a truss, a resistance starting device and an inclined shaft variable pitch device. The floating type blade device comprises a lifting force type blade and a floating boat for supporting the lifting force type blade. The generator set comprises a rotating shaft, and the hub is connected to the rotating shaft. One end of the truss is fixedly connected with the lifting force type blade, and the other end of the truss is hinged with the hub. The resistance starting device is connected to one end, close to the floating type blade device, of the truss, the resistance starting device provides torque and lift force for the floating type offshore wind driven generator with functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting during starting and normal operation, one end of the inclined shaft variable pitch device is connected to the truss, the other end of the inclined shaft variable pitch device is connected to the lift type blade, and the inclined shaft variable pitch device is used for adjusting an attack angle of the lift type blade. The offshore wind driven generator provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high self-starting speed and variable paddle adjustment.

Description

Blade floating type offshore wind driven generator with functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of offshore wind power generation, and particularly relates to a blade floating type offshore wind power generator with functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting.

Background

Greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels are one of the major causes of climate change. Renewable energy sources (such as solar energy, hydroenergy, wind energy, biomass energy, wave energy, tidal energy, ocean temperature difference energy, geothermal energy and the like) become ideal substitutes of fossil fuels due to the advantages of sustainable use, no greenhouse gas emission and the like. Among them, wind energy is a renewable energy source rapidly developed in the world due to its advantages such as cleanliness and wide distribution of production areas.

Currently, the capture of wind energy in nature is mainly achieved by various types of wind generators. Generally speaking, these wind generators can be divided into two types, namely: horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines. The research and application of the horizontal axis wind driven generator are earlier than that of the vertical axis wind driven generator, the existing horizontal axis wind driven generator set with single machine capacity exceeding 10MW is used for grid-connected power generation, and the energy conversion rate gradually approaches to the theoretical maximum value.

Although current commercial power plants are dominated by horizontal axis wind turbines, vertical axis wind turbines still have a number of significant advantages over horizontal axis wind turbines. Firstly, the vertical axis wind generating set does not need a separate yaw device to adjust the relative position of the fan and the wind direction, and has a simple structure; secondly, large-scale equipment such as a gear box, a generator and the like of the vertical axis wind driven generator are arranged at positions close to the ground (sea surface), so that the equipment is convenient to install and maintain later; thirdly, the difficulty of manufacturing the blade of the vertical axis wind turbine is obviously lower than that of the horizontal axis wind turbine. The advantages all enable the vertical axis wind driven generator to have the potential of realizing unit power generation cost lower than that of a horizontal axis wind driven generator.

Vertical axis wind turbines can be divided into two categories according to their operating principles: one is a resistance type fan that uses air to generate resistance to a blade to do work, typically a Savonius (Savonius) type fan; the other is a lift type fan which uses the lift of the blade to do work, and the typical is a Darrieus fan. The blade form of the general Darrieus fan comprises a phi type and an H type, wherein the H type fan is more suitable for being used as a structural scheme of a large-scale wind driven generator and an ultra-large wind driven generator due to the structural characteristics of the H type fan.

Even if the advantages exist, the existing vertical axis wind turbine has corresponding disadvantages due to the inherent structural characteristics. The attack angle of the vertical axis wind turbine blade changes along with the change of the position of the vertical axis wind turbine blade relative to the wind direction, the stable self-starting capability is lacked, the self-starting speed is slow, and the self-starting speed is one of the most popular defects of the vertical axis wind turbine. The research of the vertical axis wind driven generator starts late, and a mature variable pitch adjusting scheme is still lacked at present. The installation position of the H-shaped vertical axis wind driven generator blade is located on the outermost layer of the rotation plane of the H-shaped vertical axis wind driven generator blade, and the traditional truss supporting mode enables the connection part of the truss and the hub to bear huge periodic bending moment load caused by the blade and the truss, so that the large-scale vertical axis wind driven generator is limited to a great extent.

Disclosure of Invention

The offshore wind power generation has the advantages of abundant wind resources, relatively stable wind speed, small influence on environment and residents, no need of installing an overhigh tower to obtain enough wind speed and the like, is favorable for manufacturing a wind power generator with larger single machine capacity, and utilizes wide ocean area to carry out large-scale development, thereby representing the possible development trend of the wind power generator in the future.

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides the blade floating type offshore wind driven generator with the functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the blade floating type offshore wind driven generator with functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting comprises: a floating blade device comprising a lift-type blade and a pontoon for supporting the lift-type blade; the generator set comprises a rotating shaft; the hub is connected to the rotating shaft; one end of the truss is fixedly connected with the lift force type blade, and the other end of the truss is hinged with the hub; the resistance starting device is connected to one end, close to the floating type blade device, of the truss and provides torque and lift force for the blade floating type offshore wind driven generator with functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting during starting and normal operation; the pitch control device comprises a truss, a pitch control device and a pitch control device, wherein one end of the pitch control device is connected to the truss, the other end of the pitch control device is connected to the lift-force-type blade, and the pitch control device is used for adjusting the attack angle of the lift-force-type blade.

According to the blade floating type offshore wind driven generator with the functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting, the resistance starting device is arranged on the truss close to one end of the floating type blade device, the blade floating type offshore wind driven generator can be started at the initial starting stage of the offshore wind driven generator and generates a certain windward area, the windward side of the offshore wind driven generator during starting is increased, an auxiliary torque is provided for the starting of the offshore wind driven generator, the starting speed and the starting power of the offshore wind driven generator are increased, and the offshore wind driven generator can be started under the action of small wind more easily. After the offshore wind driven generator is normally started to rotate, the resistance starting device is closed to reduce wind resistance, the offshore wind driven generator generates upward lift in the rotating motion process, the gravity action of part of lift type blades acting on the floating boat is offset, the friction force between the floating boat and the water surface is reduced, and finally the wind power conversion efficiency can be improved. The inclined shaft variable pitch device is connected to the truss and the lift force type blade, and can change the attack angle of the lift force type blade in the rotating process of the offshore wind driven generator to enable the lift force type blade to change the pitch, so that the stress state and the windward state of the lift force type blade are adjusted, and the wind power utilization effect of the offshore wind driven generator is improved. The buoyancy of sea water can be fully utilized, the arrangement of the support is reduced, the gravity of the lift type blade can be offset by the buoyancy, the root of the truss does not need to bear bending moment load brought by the lift type blade, the load of the truss for supporting the lift type blade is reduced, the service life of each component is prolonged, and the self-starting, large-scale design and high wind power conversion efficiency of the offshore wind driven generator are facilitated.

According to the blade floating offshore wind driven generator with the functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting, the lifting force type blade comprises an upper blade and a lower blade, the bottom end of the lower blade is fixed on the floating boat, and the upper blade is arranged above the lower blade; one end of the truss is fixedly connected with the lower blade, and the output end of the inclined shaft variable pitch device is rotatably connected with the upper blade.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the upper blade and the lower blade are hingedly connected by a pitch hinge, and a rotation axis of the pitch hinge forms an inclination angle of 45 to 75 degrees with a chord line of the upper blade.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the length ratio of the upper blade to the lower blade is 4: 1-10: 1.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the blade floating offshore wind turbine with inclined shaft pitching and self-starting functions comprises a resistance starting device and a control device, wherein the resistance starting device comprises: a housing having oppositely disposed upper and lower surfaces; the upper side skin movably covers the upper surface of the shell; the lower side skin movably covers the lower surface of the shell; the rib plate is fixed in the shell and provided with a plurality of ribs, and the truss is arranged on the rib plate in a penetrating mode.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the resistance actuation means further comprises: the spar comprises an upper cap strip, a lower cap strip and a web, the web is connected between the upper cap strip and the lower cap strip, and the upper cap strip and the lower cap strip are respectively connected to the rib plates; the transmission mechanism is fixed on the web plate, the output end of the transmission mechanism is respectively connected with the upper side skin and the lower side skin, and the upper side skin and the lower side skin are driven by the transmission mechanism to open and close relative to the shell; when the Savonius resistance type fan is opened, the upper side skin and the lower side skin form a local Savonius resistance type fan, and when the Savonius resistance type fan is closed, the cross section of the resistance starting device is in a shape of a lifting wing profile formed by the shell, the upper side skin and the lower side skin.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the transmission mechanism includes an inner hydraulic cylinder, one end of the inner hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the web, the other end of the inner hydraulic cylinder is connected to a first link mechanism and a second link mechanism respectively, the first link mechanism is connected to the upper skin, and the second link mechanism is connected to the lower skin.

According to the alternative embodiment of the invention, the inner surfaces of the upper side skin and the lower side skin are respectively provided with a raised reinforcing rib, and the rib plate is provided with lightening holes.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the blade floating offshore wind driven generator with the functions of inclined shaft pitching and self-starting comprises the following components: the truss comprises a first support, a second support, a first universal joint, a second universal joint and an outer side hydraulic actuating cylinder, wherein the first support is fixed on the truss, one end of the outer side hydraulic actuating cylinder is connected with the first universal joint, the other end of the outer side hydraulic actuating cylinder is hinged with the second universal joint, the first universal joint is hinged on the first support, the second universal joint is hinged on the second support, and the second support is connected on the upper blade.

The blade floating type offshore wind driven generator with the functions of inclined shaft variable pitch and self-starting further comprises a unit base, wherein a generator set is fixed on the unit base, and the unit base is of a pile foundation type, a gravity type, a negative pressure cylinder type or a floating type.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a blade floating offshore wind turbine with pitch axis and self-starting functions according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the resistance force activation device shown deployed in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the gearing arrangement within the resistance actuator according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic axial structure diagram of the oblique pitch device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an offshore wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention in preparation for startup.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a drag start device of an embodiment of the present invention to assist in starting an offshore wind turbine when the drag start device is turned on.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a drag start device closed after normal operation of an offshore wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an offshore wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention during normal operation when the pitch device is ready to start.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a lift type blade of an offshore wind turbine after pitching is completed according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 10 is a partially enlarged view illustrating the connection of the tilt hinge to the upper blade and the lower blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a partially enlarged structural view of the connection of the horizontal hinge and the hub according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

100-an offshore wind power generator, comprising a wind turbine,

1-floating type blade device, 11-lifting type blade, 111-upper blade, 112-lower blade, 12-floating boat, 13-inclined hinge, 131-connecting lug, connecting lug 132,

2-resistance starting device, 21-upper side skin, 221-upper edge strip, 222-lower edge strip, 223-web plate, 23-ribbed plate, 231-lightening hole, 24-shell, 25-lower side skin, 26-inner side hydraulic actuator cylinder, 261-adapter, 262-front push rod, 263-rear push rod, 264-first skin support, 265-second skin support, 266-limiting rod, 267-supporting rod,

3-an inclined shaft variable pitch device, 31-a first support, 32-a second support, 33-a first universal joint, 34-a second universal joint, 35-an outer side hydraulic actuating cylinder,

4-truss, 41-horizontal hinge,

5-a base of the machine set,

6-a power generating unit, wherein,

7-hub.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

The structure of a blade floating offshore wind turbine 100 with pitch and self-start functions according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1-11.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the blade floating type offshore wind driven generator 100 with functions of inclined shaft pitching and self-starting comprises: the device comprises a floating type blade device 1, a generator set 6, a hub 7, a truss 4, a resistance starting device 2 and an inclined shaft variable pitch device 3.

As shown in fig. 1, 5-9, the floating blade device 1 includes a lift-type blade 11 and a buoyancy boat 12 for supporting the lift-type blade 11. The flotation boats 12 may be in direct contact with seawater, which creates an upward buoyancy force on the flotation boats 12.

As shown in fig. 1, the generator set 6 includes a rotating shaft to which the hub 7 is connected. One end of the truss 4 is fixedly connected with the lift type blade 11, and the other end of the truss 4 is hinged with the hub 7. The lift type blade 11 rotates with the truss 4 as a rotation radius facing the wind, and simultaneously the rotation of the lift type blade 11 drives the hub 7 and the rotating shaft at the other end of the truss 4 to rotate, so that captured wind energy is sequentially converted into mechanical energy and electric energy, and the generator set 6 can generate electricity.

As shown in fig. 1, 5, 6 and 7, a resistance starting device 2 is connected to one end of a truss 4 close to a floating type blade device 1, and the resistance starting device 2 provides torque and lift force for starting and normal operation of a blade floating type offshore wind turbine 100 with functions of inclined shaft pitching and self-starting.

As shown in fig. 1, 8, and 9, one end of the pitch device 3 is connected to the truss 4, the other end of the pitch device 3 is connected to the lift-type blade 11, and the pitch device 3 is used to adjust the angle of attack of the lift-type blade 11. The angle of attack is generally referred to in the field of wind turbines as the angle between the chord line of the blade and the direction of the incoming flow velocity, also referred to as the angle of attack.

In the embodiment of the invention, the resistance starting device 2 arranged on the truss 4 close to one end of the floating type blade device 1 can be started at the initial starting stage of the offshore wind driven generator 100 and generate a certain wind receiving area, so that the wind receiving surface of the offshore wind driven generator 100 during starting is increased, an auxiliary torque is provided for the starting of the offshore wind driven generator 100, the starting speed and the starting power of the offshore wind driven generator 100 are increased, and the offshore wind driven generator 100 can be started under the action of smaller wind force more easily.

After the offshore wind turbine 100 is started to rotate normally, the resistance starting device 2 is closed to reduce wind resistance. Meanwhile, the offshore wind turbine 100 generates upward lift in the process of rotary motion, the gravity action of the lift type blades 11 partially acting on the floating boat 12 is counteracted, the friction force between the floating boat 12 and the water surface is reduced, the resistance of seawater received by the offshore wind turbine 100 during rotation is reduced, and the wind power conversion efficiency is improved.

Two ends of the inclined shaft variable pitch device 3 are respectively connected to the truss 4 and the lift force type blade 11, so that the attack angle of the lift force type blade 11 can be changed in the rotating process of the offshore wind turbine 100, the variable pitch adjustment of the lift force type blade 11 is completed, the stress state and the windward state of the lift force type blade 11 are further adjusted, and the wind power utilization effect of the offshore wind turbine 100 is improved. In addition, when the wind speed is high, the rotating speed of the lift force type blade 11 can be reduced through variable pitch adjustment, the generator set 6 is prevented from being overloaded or overspeed, and damage to parts is avoided. The inclined shaft variable pitch device 3 can ensure that the power generation power of the offshore wind driven generator 100 is maintained in a relatively stable range, and prevent unstable wind power conversion caused by too large fluctuation.

The buoyancy boat 12 arranged at the lower part of the lift type blade 11 floats on the sea surface, the buoyancy of the sea water can be fully utilized, the arrangement of the support bracket is reduced, further, the gravity of the lift type blade 11 can be offset by the buoyancy, the root part of the truss 4 does not need to bear the bending moment load caused by the lift type blade 11, the burden of the truss 4 for supporting the lift type blade 11 is reduced, the service life of each part is prolonged, and the self-starting, large-scale design and high wind power conversion efficiency of the offshore wind driven generator 100 are facilitated.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 5-9, the lift-type blade 11 includes an upper blade 111 and a lower blade 112, the bottom end of the lower blade 112 is fixed on the airship 12, the upper blade 111 is disposed above the lower blade 112, one end of the truss 4 is fixedly connected to the lower blade 112, and the output end of the pitch device 3 is rotatably connected to the upper blade 111. The lift force type blades 11 form a sectional design, wherein the upper blades 111 are connected with the inclined shaft variable pitch device 3 to perform variable pitch adjustment, so that the attack angle of the upper blades 111 is changed, and the air suction efficiency of the offshore wind turbine 100 is adjusted; the upper blades 111 are supported by the lower blades 112 connected with the floating boat 12, a certain included angle can be formed between the upper blades 111 and the lower blades 112, the lower blades 112 and the floating boat 12 are stably left on the sea surface, and the aerocar risk of the offshore wind driven generator 100 caused by overlarge wind speed is avoided.

The segmented design of the upper blade 111 and the lower blade 112 facilitates processing, transportation and installation.

It should be noted that the rotatable connection may be a hinged connection between the upper blade 111 and the lower blade 112, a pivotal connection between the upper blade 111 and the lower blade 112, or an indirect connection forming a variable angle through an intermediate connection body, and is not limited herein.

In other embodiments, the upper blade 111 and the lower blade 112 may also be formed as an integral structure, and when the output end of the pitch device 3 adjusts the upper blade 111, the lower blade 112 is driven to pitch adjust together.

Optionally, the lift-type blade 11 is made of reinforced plastics or composite materials, and the lift-type blade 11 is of a thin-shell structure with a hollow interior, so that the light design is facilitated, and the strength of the lift-type blade is ensured.

In some embodiments of the invention, the truss 4 is made of steel or an alloy material. The structural strength and the connection function of the truss 4 are ensured.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 10, the upper blade 111 and the lower blade 112 are connected by a tilt hinge 13, and the rotation axis of the tilt hinge 13 forms an inclination angle of 45 degrees to 75 degrees with the chord line of the upper blade 111. The tilt hinge 13 connects the upper blade 111 and the lower blade 112 at the same time, and a certain angle change can be formed between the tilt hinge 13 and the upper blade 111, that is, when the upper blade 111 is pitched, a certain angle change can be generated between the upper blade 111 and the truss 4. When the included angle between the axis of the rotating shaft of the inclined hinge 13 and the chord line of the upper blade 111 is in the range of 45-75 degrees, the pitch adjustment effect of the upper blade 111 is good, the offshore wind turbine 100 rotates more stably, and the power generation output power is stable.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 10, the tilt hinge 13 includes a connection lug 131, a connection shaft, and a connection lug 132, the connection lug 131 is disposed at the top end of the lower blade 112, the connection lug 131 is provided with a connection hole, the connection lug 132 is disposed at the bottom end of the upper blade 111, the connection lug 132 is provided with a connection hole, and the connection shaft is disposed in the connection holes of the connection lug 131 and the lug, so that the upper blade 111 and the lower blade 112 can be movably connected.

Advantageously, a plurality of connecting lugs 131 are provided, one connecting lug 131 is arranged corresponding to two connecting lugs 132, the connecting lug 131 is connected between the two connecting lugs 132, the connecting shafts on the connecting lugs 131 share the same central axis, and the included angle between the central axis and the chord line of the upper blade 111 is 45-75 degrees. The plurality of engaging

lugs

131 and 132 ensure local coupling strength, connection between the upper blade 111 and the lower blade 112, and rotation of the upper blade 111 relative to the lower blade 112.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the length ratio of the upper blade 111 to the lower blade 112 is 4:1 to 10: 1. In the length ratio range, the upper blade 111 has enough height to absorb wind energy, the variable pitch effect of the upper blade 111 is easy to adjust, and the variable pitch adjusting efficiency is high; in addition, the lower blade 112 provides a stable supporting force for the upper blade 111, and the overall high rigidity of the lift-type blade 11 is maintained, thereby avoiding structural damage.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 11, the truss 4 and the hub 7 are connected by using the horizontal hinge 41, so that the truss 4 is supported and the blade torque is transmitted, and the additional bending moment load caused by sea surface fluctuation and ship hull and blade pitching on the connection part of the truss 4 and the hub 7 is avoided. The horizontal hinge 41 has a similar structure to the inclined hinge 13, and will not be described in detail herein.

In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the resistance actuation device 2 comprises: shell 24, upper skin 21, lower skin 25, and ribs 23.

Wherein, the shell 24 has an upper surface and a lower surface which are oppositely arranged, the upper side skin 21 can movably cover the upper surface of the shell 24, and the lower side skin 25 can movably cover the lower surface of the shell 24. The movable, in this case, means that the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 can be placed over the upper surface and the lower surface, respectively, or at a certain spatial distance from the upper surface and the lower surface.

Optionally, the upper surface and the lower surface of the housing 24 are of asymmetric design, and the upper surface of the housing 24 is provided with an angle of attack. The housing 24 thus designed can generate a certain lift when subjected to wind.

When the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 are both spread, the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 form a local Savonius resistance type fan, so that the wind receiving area of the offshore wind turbine 100 at the initial starting stage can be greatly increased, an auxiliary torque is formed, and the offshore wind turbine 100 achieves a certain rotating speed together with the lift type blade 11.

When the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 are both closed on the surface of the shell 24, the cross-sectional shape of the drag starting device 2 is a lift wing shape formed by the shell 24, the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 together.

In addition, rib 23 is fixed in casing 24, and the rib 23 is equipped with many, wears truss 4 on the rib 23. The ribs 23 increase the internal strength of the shell 24 and increase the attachment point of the resistance activation device 2 to the truss 4, so that the resistance activation device 2 is stably arranged on the truss 4 and does not break or separate from the truss 4 due to the wind.

In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 3, the resistance actuation device 2 further comprises: spar and drive mechanism. Wherein the spar comprises an upper bead 221, a lower bead 222 and a web 223, the web 223 is connected between the upper bead 221 and the lower bead 222, and the upper bead 221 and the lower bead 222 are respectively connected to the rib plate 23.

Optionally, a groove is formed on the rib plate 23, and the upper rib 221 and the lower rib 222 are respectively fitted in the groove to increase the limit fitting effect of the rib plate 23 and the upper rib 221 and the lower rib 222.

In addition, a transmission mechanism is fixed on the web 223, an output end of the transmission mechanism is respectively connected with the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25, and the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 perform opening and closing actions relative to the shell 24 under the driving of the transmission mechanism. The spars provide a stable support for the transmission, which extends in the direction of the upper and

lower skins

21, 25. The output end of the transmission mechanism acts on the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25, so that the acting force can be stably transmitted, and the opening or closing of the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 on the shell 24 can be accurately controlled.

The resistance starting device 2 is simple in overall structure and high in reliability.

Optionally, a spar and a transmission mechanism are arranged on the ribbed plate 23 in the middle of the resistance starting device 2 to control the opening and closing of the upper side skin 21 and the lower side skin 25 on the shell 24. Easy control and accurate control.

In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 3, the transmission mechanism comprises an inner hydraulic cylinder 26, one end of the inner hydraulic cylinder 26 is fixed to the web 223, the other end of the inner hydraulic cylinder 26 is connected to a first linkage and a second linkage, respectively, the first linkage being connected to the upper skin 21 and the second linkage being connected to the lower skin 25. When the inner hydraulic actuator cylinder 26 extends and retracts, the two sets of link mechanisms are driven to move, so that the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 are controlled to move.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the piston rod of the inner hydraulic actuator cylinder 26 is connected to a first link mechanism and a second link mechanism through an adapter 261, the first link mechanism and the second link mechanism are respectively crank mechanisms, the two sets of crank mechanisms are symmetrically hinged to the adapter 261, and the other ends of the two sets of crank mechanisms are respectively connected to the upper side skin 21 and the lower side skin 25.

Optionally, the support rod 267 is fixedly arranged on the rib plate 23, the extending direction of the support rod 267 is the same as the extending direction of the truss 4, each set of crank mechanism includes a front push rod 262 and a rear push rod 263, a piston rod of the inner hydraulic actuator cylinder 26 is hinged to the two front push rods 262 through an adapter 261, the front push rods 262 are hinged to the middle of the rear push rods 263, one end of each of the two rear push rods 263 is hinged to the support rod 267 together, and the other end of each of the two rear push rods 263 is hinged to the upper skin 21 or the lower skin 25 respectively.

Advantageously, a first skin abutment 264 and a second skin abutment 265 are provided on both the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25, and the first skin abutment 264 is closer to the rear push rods 263, and the two rear push rods 263 are respectively hinged to the first skin abutment 264 corresponding thereto.

Optionally, each set of crank mechanisms further includes two limiting rods 266, one ends of the two limiting rods 266 are respectively hinged to the second skin support 265 of the upper side skin 21 and the second skin support 265 of the lower side skin 25, and the other ends of the two limiting rods 266 are respectively hinged to the truss 4. The limiting rod 266 can limit the relative position relationship between the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 and the truss, and prevent the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 22 from being damaged due to over concentrated local stress in the opening or closing process; in addition, the maximum opening angles of the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 22 are favorably limited, so that the opening and closing of the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 22 can be controlled more accurately by matching with other transmission mechanisms; the limiting rod 266 also forms a powerful support for the upper side skin 21 and the lower side skin 22, so that the situation that the structure is unstable at a high windward speed and cannot complete the auxiliary starting function is prevented.

Advantageously, a transmission mechanism is connected to the plurality of webs 223, and the plurality of transmission mechanisms move in a linkage manner and are opened simultaneously and have the same transmission direction. The integral stability and the stress balance of all parts are facilitated when the upper side skin 21 and the lower side skin 22 are opened and closed.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the inner surfaces of the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 are both provided with raised reinforcing ribs, and the rib plates 23 are provided with lightening holes 231. The upper side skin 21 and the lower side skin 25 which are provided with the reinforcing ribs enhance the local force bearing performance, wind resistance is easier, and structural damage is prevented when the wind speed is high. The rib plate 23 provided with the lightening hole 231 can ensure the supporting strength and make the whole resistance starting device 2 lighter.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, an oblique axis pitch-varying device 3 for adjusting the angle of attack of the blade is hinged to the truss 4 between the resistance starting device 2 and the floating blade device 1, and the oblique axis pitch-varying device 3 disposed at this position is closer to the floating blade device 1, which is more favorable for pitch-varying adjustment, and does not affect the movement of the resistance starting device 2, and the resistance starting device 2 and the oblique axis pitch-varying device 3 are easier to centrally arrange lines and convenient to arrange a hydraulic circuit.

Specifically, the pitch device 3 includes: the truss structure comprises a first support 31, a second support 32, a first universal joint 33, a second universal joint 34 and an outer hydraulic actuator 35, wherein the first support 31 is fixed on the truss 4, one end of the outer hydraulic actuator 35 is connected with the first universal joint 33, the other end of the outer hydraulic actuator 35 is hinged with the second universal joint 34, the first universal joint 33 is hinged on the first support 31, the second universal joint 34 is hinged on the second support 32, and the second support 32 is connected on the upper blade 111. The inclined shaft pitch control device 3 is connected with the truss 4 and the lift type blade 11. The first universal joint 33 can rotate relative to the first support 31, the second universal joint 34 can rotate relative to the second support 32, when the outer hydraulic actuator 35 extends or shortens, different angles can be formed between the lift type blade 11 and the truss 4, namely, the lift type blade 11 can change the attack angle of the lift type blade 11 under the action of the inclined shaft variable pitch device 3 to form variable pitch adjustment, so that the lift type blade 11 can absorb wind energy more easily, and the wind power conversion efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the damage of parts or the phenomenon of runaway caused by the over-fast rotation of the offshore wind turbine 100 can be prevented at high wind speed; the stability of the overall operation of the offshore wind turbine 100 is ensured.

Optionally, one end of the pitch device 3 is hinged to the upper blade 111, and the upper blade 111 is controlled to rotate around the pitch hinge 13 by the extension and contraction of the outer hydraulic actuator 35 and the rotation of the universal joint and the piston rod, so as to change the angle of attack of the upper blade 111.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, offshore wind turbine 100 further includes a generator set base 5, generator set 6 is fixed on generator set base 5, and generator set base 5 provides stable support for generator set 6 to prevent generator set 6 from being submerged in water.

Optionally, the unit base 5 is of a pile foundation type. At the moment, the unit base 5 is made into a pile and fixed in the substrate, so that the unit base 5 is more stable and is suitable for shallow sea areas.

Optionally, the unit base 5 is gravity type. The base mainly resists overturning moment and sliding force generated by upper fan load and external environment load by the weight of the foundation and ballast, so that the structure of the foundation and the offshore wind driven generator 100 is stable, the base is suitable for the offshore field of 10-20m, and the requirement on a natural foundation is high.

Optionally, the unit base 5 is a negative pressure cylinder. The base is provided with a barrel-shaped or cup-shaped sinking component, a cabin body is formed in the barrel-shaped body, negative pressure difference is formed inside and outside the cabin body, the barrel-shaped body has water head difference in the sinking process and after sinking, the sinking is rapid, the sinking is stable, the mounting precision is high, the base is suitable for sea areas with water depth and high sea wave attack, and the construction operation is short.

Optionally, the unit base 5 is floating. The main body of the base can float on the sea surface, and the bottom of the base is anchored to the sea bottom through the rope for positioning, so that the base is suitable for sea areas with water depth of more than 50 m.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the trusses 4 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction at intervals, and the resistance starting devices 2, the pitch device 3, and the floating blade devices 1 are respectively arranged on the trusses 4 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. So that the whole offshore wind turbine 100 can rotate uniformly in the wind power conversion process and can capture wind energy in all directions.

Optionally, each group of resistance starting devices 2 and each group of inclined shaft pitch-variable devices 3 are independently controlled, and even if a certain executing mechanism fails, the offshore wind turbine 100 can still be started and pneumatically braked, so that the reliability of the system is greatly improved.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a sensor and a control system are provided on the offshore wind turbine 100, the sensor monitors wind power and wind speed, monitors the rotational speed and the power generation power of the offshore wind turbine 100, and controls the opening and closing actions, the opening time, and the moving direction of the resistance starting device 2 and the pitch device 3 together with the control system. The arrangement and control principle of the sensors and the control system belong to the technical means well known to those skilled in the art, and are not described in detail herein.

To better understand the solution of the embodiment of the present invention, a blade floating offshore wind turbine 100 with pitch function and self-starting function in an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 11.

Referring to fig. 1, a floating offshore wind turbine 100 with blades having functions of pitch control and self-starting includes three floating blade devices 1, three resistance starting devices 2, three pitch control devices 3, three trusses 4, a unit base 5, a generator set 6, and a hub 7.

The floating type blade device 1 comprises a lifting force type blade 11 and a floating boat 12, wherein the lifting force type blade 11 is composed of an upper blade 111 and a lower blade 112, and the upper blade 111 and the lower blade 112 are connected through an inclined hinge 13. The lower blade 112 is secured at its bottom end to the surface of the pontoon 12, and the upper blade 111 is pivotable about the tilt hinge 13.

As shown in fig. 1 and 11, one end of the truss 4 is fixedly connected to the lower blade 112, and the other end is connected to the hub 7 through a pair of horizontal hinges 41, the truss 4 plays a role in supporting and connecting the lift type blade 11 and transmitting the torque of the blade, and in addition, the additional bending moment load caused by sea level fluctuation, ship hull and blade pitching on the connection part of the truss 4 and the hub 7 can be avoided.

The drag starting apparatus 2 is installed on the side of the truss 4 close to the lift type blade 11. During the process of starting the offshore wind turbine 100 from a standstill, the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 of the resistance starting device 2 are opened, the upper skin and the lower skin form a local Savonius resistance type wind turbine, and the pressure difference between the two sides of the skins provides an auxiliary moment for the offshore wind turbine 100 in the starting stage. When the offshore wind driven generator 100 finishes starting and starts to normally operate, the skin is partially closed, the resistance starting device 2 generates upward lift force by means of the integral lift wing profile in the rotation process of the truss 4, so that the effect of offsetting partial blade gravity acting on the floating boat 12 is achieved, friction between the floating boat 12 and the water surface is finally reduced, and the conversion efficiency of wind power is improved.

The inclined shaft variable pitch device 3 is arranged on the truss 4 and is positioned between the resistance starting device 2 and the lift type blade 11, and two ends of the inclined shaft variable pitch device are respectively connected with the truss 4 and the upper blade 111 of the lift type blade 11 through matched universal joints and supporting seats. The upper blade 111 is controlled to rotate around the tilt hinge 13 by the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the outer hydraulic passage 35, and the angle of attack of the blade is adjusted (pitch control).

The unit base 5 is of a pile foundation type, the truss 4 is made of alloy materials, the lifting force type blades 11 are made of composite materials and are designed to be of a hollow thin-shell structure, and the floating boat 12 is of an inflatable structure.

As a further improvement of the invention, the three groups of resistance starting devices 2 and the three groups of inclined shaft variable pitch devices 3 are independently controlled, and the number of the resistance starting devices and the inclined shaft variable pitch devices is not limited by the invention and can be automatically adjusted according to the requirement.

As a further improvement of the present invention, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the resistance starting apparatus 2 includes an upper skin 21, a spar, a rib 23, a housing 24, a lower skin 25, an inner hydraulic actuator 26, an adapter 261, a front push rod 262, a rear push rod 263, a first skin support 264, a second skin support 265, a limiting rod 266, and a support rod 267.

The spar is composed of an upper edge strip 221, a lower edge strip 222 and a plurality of webs 223 therebetween, and is a ladder-like structure, wherein the upper edge strip 221 and the lower edge strip 222 are respectively supported in the shell 24. The truss 4 passes through the shell 24 and the rib plate 23 along the direction parallel to the axis of the shell 24, and plays a role in supporting and reinforcing. The rib plate 23 is fixed in the shell 24 by the truss 4 and the upper and

lower ribs

221, 222 of the spar. The rib plate 23 is provided with grooves which are matched and clamped with the upper edge strip 221 and the lower edge strip 222 of the wing beam, so that the limiting effect is achieved.

The inner surfaces of the upper side skin 21 and the lower side skin 25 are provided with raised reinforcing rib structures to increase the structural strength of the skins, and the rib plates 23 are provided with lightening holes 231 to lighten the weight of the whole structure.

Referring to fig. 3, the inner hydraulic cylinder 26 is fixed on the web 223 of the wing beam, and the piston rod is connected to two front push rods 262 which are symmetrically distributed up and down through a joint 261; one end of the rear push rod 263 is hinged to the support rod 267, the support rod 267 is fixedly arranged on the side portion of the rib plate 23 protruding out, the other end of the rear push rod 263 is hinged to a first skin support 264 on the lower side skin 25, the middle portion of the rear push rod 263 is hinged to a front push rod 262, one end of the limiting rod 266 is hinged to a second skin support 265 on the lower side skin 25, and the other end of the limiting rod 266 is hinged to the truss 4. The connection mode of the other front push rod 262 and the upper side skin 21 is completely consistent with the connection mode of the front push rod 262 and the lower side skin 25, and the description is not repeated. The piston rod of the inner hydraulic actuator cylinder 26 extends and retracts to drive the rear push rod 263 to rotate around the support rod 267, so as to control the opening and closing of the skin.

When the drag starting apparatus 2 is closed, the casing 24, the upper skin 21 and the lower skin 25 form a lift wing profile of the drag starting apparatus.

As a further improvement of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, the pitch device 3 includes a first support 31, a second support 32, a first universal joint 33, a second universal joint 34, and an outer hydraulic cylinder 35.

The bottom of the outer hydraulic ram 35 is connected to the girder 4 via a first universal joint 33 and a first support 31, and the first support 31 is fixed to the girder 4. The piston rod of the outer hydraulic cylinder 35 is connected to the upper blade 111 of the lift type blade 11 via a second universal joint 34 and a second mount 32, and the second mount 32 is fixed to the upper blade 111 of the lift type blade 11. When the outer hydraulic ram 35 contracts, the piston rod extension becomes shorter, and the upper blade 111 of the lift type blade 11 deviates from the initial position and rotates about the tilt hinge 13, resulting in an increase in the angle of attack of the upper blade 111; conversely, as the outboard hydraulic ram 35 extends, the angle of attack of the upper vane 111 decreases. In the blade pitch process, the first universal joint 33, the second universal joint 34 and the piston rod can rotate, and the blade pitch process of the offshore wind turbine 100 is realized through the actions.

Referring to fig. 5 to 9, schematic views of the operation process from the stationary start to the completion of the pitch braking of the offshore wind turbine 100 according to the present invention are shown. That is, at the initial starting stage of the offshore wind turbine 100, the wind power is small, the lift force type blades rotate very slightly, the rotating speed is small or the rotation is not consistent, at this time, the sensor and the control system prompt the transmission mechanism of the resistance starting device 2 to drive the skins at the two sides to be opened, the local windward capacity is enhanced, the auxiliary torque is generated, and the starting speed of the offshore wind turbine 100 is accelerated. When the offshore wind turbine 100 normally moves and reaches a certain rotating speed and rated power, the resistance starting device 2 is controlled to be closed. According to the size and direction of wind power, the rotating speed and the power of the offshore wind turbine 100, the control system controls the inclined shaft variable pitch device 3 to contract or extend to adjust the attack angle of the upper blade 111, so that variable pitch adjustment of the offshore wind turbine 100 is completed, and the offshore wind turbine 100 is kept in a stable working state.

The device comprehensively realizes the functions of resistance starting and inclined shaft variable pitch of the offshore wind driven generator 100 by utilizing the floating type blade device 1, the resistance starting device 2, the inclined shaft variable pitch device 3 and the like. The invention effectively solves the problem of poor stress and self-starting capability of the offshore wind driven generator 100 for vertical axis wind power generation, can effectively adjust the output power of the fan, has simple and reliable structure, and is suitable for being used as a design scheme of a large offshore vertical axis fan.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Three trusses 4, three resistance actuators 2, three pitch devices 3 are shown in fig. 1 for illustrative purposes, but it is obvious to those skilled in the art after reading the above technical solutions that the solution can be applied to a larger number of technical solutions, which also falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

The principle of wind power generation, the telescopic motion of the hydraulic ram, the structure of the lift-type blade, and the structural design of the truss of the blade floating offshore wind turbine 100 with functions of oblique axis pitching and self-starting according to the embodiments of the present invention are all known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

In the description herein, references to the description of the terms "embodiment," "example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A blade floating offshore wind turbine (100) with pitch and self-start functionality, comprising:

a floating blade device (1), the floating blade device (1) comprising a lift-type blade (11) and a pontoon (12) for supporting the lift-type blade (11); the lift type blade (11) comprises an upper blade (111) and a lower blade (112), the bottom end of the lower blade (112) is fixed on the floating boat (12), and the upper blade (111) is connected with the lower blade (112) through a tilting hinge (13); the length ratio of the upper blade (111) to the lower blade (112) is 4: 1-10: 1;

a generator set (6), the generator set (6) comprising a rotating shaft;

the hub (7), the said hub (7) is connected to said spindle;

one end of the truss (4) is fixedly connected with the lifting force type blade (11), and the other end of the truss (4) is hinged with the hub (7); one end of the truss (4) is fixedly connected with the lower blade (112);

the resistance starting device (2) is connected to one end, close to the floating type blade device (1), of the truss (4), and the resistance starting device (2) provides torque and lift force for the blade floating type offshore wind turbine (100) with functions of inclined shaft pitching and self-starting during starting and normal operation;

one end of the oblique axis variable pitch device (3) is connected to the truss (4), the other end of the oblique axis variable pitch device (3) is connected to the lift type blade (11), and the oblique axis variable pitch device (3) is used for adjusting the attack angle of the lift type blade (11);

the pitch device (3) comprises: first support (31), second support (32), first universal joint (33), second universal joint (34) and outside hydraulic actuator cylinder (35), first support (31) are fixed in on truss (4), the one end of outside hydraulic actuator cylinder (35) is connected with first universal joint (33), the other end of outside hydraulic actuator cylinder (35) articulates there is second universal joint (34), first universal joint (33) articulate on first support (31), second universal joint (34) articulate on second support (32), second support (32) are connected on last blade (111).

2. The blade floating offshore wind turbine (100) with inclined shaft pitching and self-starting functions according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation axis of the pitch hinge (13) forms an angle of inclination with the chord line of the upper blade (111) of 45-75 degrees.

3. The blade floating offshore wind turbine with inclined axis pitching and self-starting function (100) according to claim 1, characterized by the drag starting means (2) comprising:

a housing (24), the housing (24) having oppositely disposed upper and lower surfaces;

the upper side skin (21), the upper side skin (21) can movably cover the upper surface of the shell (24);

a lower side skin (25), wherein the lower side skin (25) movably covers the lower surface of the shell (24);

the rib plate (23), the rib plate (23) is fixed in the casing (24), the rib plate (23) is equipped with many, wear to establish on the rib plate (23) truss (4).

4. The blade floating offshore wind turbine with inclined axis pitching and self-starting function (100) according to claim 3, characterized by the drag starting means (2) further comprising:

a spar comprising an upper bead (221), a lower bead (222), and a web (223), the web (223) being connected between the upper bead (221) and the lower bead (222), the upper bead (221) and the lower bead (222) being connected to the rib (23), respectively;

the transmission mechanism is fixed on the web plate (223), the output end of the transmission mechanism is respectively connected with the upper side skin (21) and the lower side skin (25), and the upper side skin (21) and the lower side skin (25) are driven by the transmission mechanism to open and close relative to the shell (24); wherein the content of the first and second substances,

when the Savonius drag type fan is opened, the upper side skin (21) and the lower side skin (25) form a local Savonius drag type fan, and when the Savonius drag type fan is closed, the cross section of the drag starting device (2) is in the shape of a lift wing formed by the shell (24), the upper side skin (21) and the lower side skin (25).

5. The floating offshore blade wind turbine (100) with pitch and self-start functionality according to claim 4, wherein the transmission comprises an inner hydraulic cylinder (26), one end of the inner hydraulic cylinder (26) being fixed to the web (223), the other end of the inner hydraulic cylinder (26) being connected to a first linkage and a second linkage, respectively, the first linkage being connected to the upper skin (21) and the second linkage being connected to the lower skin (25).

6. The floating offshore wind turbine (100) with inclined-axis pitching and self-starting functions as claimed in claim 4, wherein the inner surfaces of the upper skin (21) and the lower skin (25) are provided with raised reinforcing ribs, and the rib plates (23) are provided with lightening holes (231).

7. The floating offshore wind turbine (100) with inclined shaft pitch control and self-starting functions as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a unit base (5), wherein a generator set (6) is fixed on the unit base (5), and the unit base (5) is of a pile foundation type, a gravity type, a negative pressure cylinder type or a floating type.