CN109422525A - 一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN109422525A
CN109422525A CN201710727792.6A CN201710727792A CN109422525A CN 109422525 A CN109422525 A CN 109422525A CN 201710727792 A CN201710727792 A CN 201710727792A CN 109422525 A CN109422525 A CN 109422525A
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张寿辉
张康星
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CHUZHOU NANQIAO SHENGHUI NEW BUILDING MATERIAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖，包括材料：页岩、改性凹凸棒、火山灰、煤矸石、水泥、粉煤灰、秸秆、水；所述改性凹凸棒的制备方法为：将3‑氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷分别溶解于醇水混合物中，加入粉碎后的凹凸棒，调节pH，搅拌得到硅烷偶联剂改性的凹凸棒。本发明提供了一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖及其制备工艺，利用硅烷偶联剂对凹凸棒进行改性，能够很好的使得凹凸棒表面有机化，改善复合材料的机械及力学性能，粘结性增强，相对于高粘凹凸棒原料易得，且制备得到的空心砖保温性很好。

Description

一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料领域，具体涉及一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖及其制备工艺。
背景技术
随着国家对建筑节能和新型墙体材料改革的开展，烧结页岩多孔砖由于具有节能节地的特点，且页岩的产量丰富、分布广，作为可持续的新型墙体材料在我国得到了大力推广。随着能源危机的出现，特别是不可再生资源越来越少，节能在国民经济中的意义越来越重要，政府对能源的再利用及节约能源方面越来越重视。而墙体材料是建筑节能领域中的基础产业，国内外学者针对烧结页岩多孔砖保温隔热性能进行了大量试验研究，但是仍然存在不足，无法满足各个地域节能的实际需求。火山灰是火山喷发溢流形成的一种矿石，其物理、化学性能优于普通矿石，具有轻质、高强、节能等特点，并且火山灰采掘简便，成本低康，因而在世界各国建筑工业上也得到普遍应用。
专利 CN102924052B提供了一种凹凸棒页岩粉煤灰烧结保温砖，包括以下重量份材料：高粘凹凸棒石粘土粉2～15％、凹凸棒石粘土尾矿粉5～25％、页岩粉10～40％、粉煤灰5～20％、火山碎屑岩混合物2～15％、膨润土尾矿粉2～10％、硅藻土尾矿粉2～10％、秸秆粉2～10％和水5～35％；其中，凹凸棒是高粘凹凸棒石粘土粉，而本发明中利用硅烷偶联剂对凹凸棒进行改性，能够很好的使得凹凸棒表面有机化，改善复合材料的机械及力学性能，粘结性增强，相对于高粘凹凸棒原料易得，且同时利用水泥来加强空心砖的保温性，最后制备得到的空心砖保温性很好。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖及其制备工艺，利用硅烷偶联剂对凹凸棒进行改性，能够很好的使得凹凸棒表面有机化，改善复合材料的机械及力学性能，粘结性增强，相对于高粘凹凸棒原料易得，且同时利用水泥来加强空心砖的保温性，最后制备得到的空心砖保温性很好。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖，包括以下重量份材料：
页岩28-30份、改性凹凸棒16-18份、火山灰12-14份、煤矸石20-22份、水泥10-11份、粉煤灰22-25份、秸秆5-8份、水10-30份；
所述改性凹凸棒的制备方法为：将重量份的材料3-氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷12份、甲基三乙氧基硅烷10份分别溶解于15份醇水混合物中，醇水摩尔比为1:1，加入粉碎后的凹凸棒30-34份，调节pH值为5，搅拌得到硅烷偶联剂改性的凹凸棒。
这种烧结页岩自保温空心砖的制备工艺，步骤包括：
1）火山灰与改性凹凸棒混合加水搅拌，10min后加入粉碎后的煤矸石、页岩、水泥、粉煤灰、秸秆搅拌40-45min得到火山灰混凝土搅拌物；
2）陈化后制成砖坯，控制含水量在5%，焙烧，升温速度为60℃/h，保持温度在1800-2100度，保温10-11h，焙烧后降温速度控制为60℃/h，降至室温即制得空心砖。
优选地，所述凹凸棒、火山灰粒径不大于1.5mm。
优选地，所述粉碎后的煤矸石、页岩、水泥、粉煤灰、秸秆粒径不大于2mm。
优选地，所述陈化时间为3-5天。
本发明的有益效果是：
由于凹凸棒土的表面富含Si—OH极性基团，因此可以采用偶联剂对其进行处理。而硅烷偶联剂一端含有可水解的烷氧基官能团，与凹土进行偶联时，与凹土表面的羟基反应，形成氢氧键并缩合成-SiO-凹凸棒颗粒共价键，同时，硅烷偶联剂各分子的硅醇又相互缔合并聚合成网状结构的膜，覆盖在凹土表面，使凹土表面有机化，提高凹土与聚合物的亲和性。通过偶联作用，凹凸棒与涂料基体大分子链形成交联结构，改善了凹凸棒土在有机分子中的分散作用。同时利用改性的凹凸棒、水泥和火山灰的共同作用，有利于提高空心砖材料的粘结性和抗压性，加入少量的秸秆能够在煅烧时在空心砖内产生细微的孔洞，能达到很好的保温效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例方式对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
实施例1：
1）改性凹凸棒的制备：将重量份的材料3-氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷12份、甲基三乙氧基硅烷10份分别溶解于15份醇水混合物中，醇水摩尔比为1:1，加入粉碎后的凹凸棒34份，调节pH值为5，搅拌得到硅烷偶联剂改性的凹凸棒；
2）火山灰14份与改性凹凸棒18份混合加水30份搅拌，10min后加入粉碎后的煤矸石22份、页岩30份、水泥11份、粉煤灰25份、秸秆5份搅拌45min得到火山灰混凝土搅拌物，其中凹凸棒、火山灰粒径不大于1.5mm，粉碎后的煤矸石、页岩、水泥、粉煤灰、秸秆粒径不大于2mm；
3）陈化3天后制成砖坯，控制含水量在5%，焙烧，升温速度为60℃/h，保持温度在1800度，保温10h，焙烧后降温速度控制为60℃/h，降至室温即制得空心砖。
对比例1：
1）改性凹凸棒的制备：将重量份的材料3-氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷12份、甲基三乙氧基硅烷10份分别溶解于15份醇水混合物中，醇水摩尔比为1:1，加入粉碎后的凹凸棒34份，调节pH值为5，搅拌得到硅烷偶联剂改性的凹凸棒；
2）火山灰14份与改性凹凸棒18份混合加水30份搅拌，10min后加入粉碎后的煤矸石22份、页岩30份、粉煤灰25份、秸秆5份搅拌45min得到火山灰混凝土搅拌物，其中凹凸棒、火山灰粒径不大于1.5mm，粉碎后的煤矸石、页岩、水泥、粉煤灰、秸秆粒径不大于2mm；
3）陈化3天后制成砖坯，控制含水量在5%，焙烧，升温速度为60℃/h，保持温度在1800度，保温10h，焙烧后降温速度控制为60℃/h，降至室温即制得空心砖。
相对于实施例1，对比例1中未加入水泥。
对比例2：
1）火山灰14份与凹凸棒18份混合加水30份搅拌，10min后加入粉碎后的煤矸石22份、页岩30份、水泥11份、粉煤灰25份、秸秆5份搅拌45min得到火山灰混凝土搅拌物，其中凹凸棒、火山灰粒径不大于1.5mm，粉碎后的煤矸石、页岩、水泥、粉煤灰、秸秆粒径不大于2mm；
2）陈化3天后制成砖坯，控制含水量在5%，焙烧，升温速度为60℃/h，保持温度在1800度，保温10h，焙烧后降温速度控制为60℃/h，降至室温即制得空心砖。
相对于实施例1，对比例2中凹凸棒未改性。
测试方法：
将实施例1和对比例1-2中的样品砖各100个，测试抗压强度和导热系数，统计各数据的平均值结果如下表：
组别 实施例1 对比例1 对比例2
抗压强度（MPa） 32 19 24
导热系数（w/m·K） 0.12 0.21 0.17
表中数据显示，实施例1相对于对比例1-2中抗压强度有一定的提升，导热系数也相对下降，其中相对于实施例1，对比例1中未加入水泥，对比例2中凹凸棒未改性，这说明水泥的加入和凹凸棒的改性对空心砖的性能有很大的影响。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实例。

Claims (5)

1.一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖，其特征在于，包括以下重量份材料：
页岩28-30份、改性凹凸棒16-18份、火山灰12-14份、煤矸石20-22份、水泥10-11份、粉煤灰22-25份、秸秆5-8份、水10-30份；
所述改性凹凸棒的制备方法为：将重量份的材料3-氨基甲基三乙氧基硅烷12份、甲基三乙氧基硅烷10份分别溶解于15份醇水混合物中，醇水摩尔比为1:1，加入粉碎后的凹凸棒30-34份，调节pH值为5，搅拌得到硅烷偶联剂改性的凹凸棒。
2.一种权利要求1所述的一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖的制备工艺，其特征在于，步骤包括：
1）火山灰与改性凹凸棒混合加水搅拌，10min后加入粉碎后的煤矸石、页岩、水泥、粉煤灰、秸秆搅拌40-45min得到火山灰混凝土搅拌物；
2）陈化后制成砖坯，控制含水量在5%，焙烧，升温速度为60℃/h，保持温度在1800-2100度，保温10-11h，焙烧后降温速度控制为60℃/h，降至室温即制得空心砖。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖，其特征在于，所述凹凸棒、火山灰粒径不大于1.5mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖，其特征在于，所述粉碎后的煤矸石、页岩、水泥、粉煤灰、秸秆粒径不大于2mm。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种烧结页岩自保温空心砖的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述陈化时间为3-5天。
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