CN109401257B - 纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN109401257B
CN109401257B CN201811021537.0A CN201811021537A CN109401257B CN 109401257 B CN109401257 B CN 109401257B CN 201811021537 A CN201811021537 A CN 201811021537A CN 109401257 B CN109401257 B CN 109401257B
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法和应用，该材料包括按重量计的以下原料：树脂40‑90份、纤维18‑35份、固化剂0.3‑1.2份、催化剂0.2‑1.0份、石墨0.1‑20份、膨润土0.7‑1.2份、丁醇0.3‑0.8份、硫酸钡3‑10份和轻质碳酸钙5‑12份。制备时，将树脂、固化剂、催化剂、石墨、膨润土、丁醇、硫酸钡和轻质碳酸钙混合制成胶液，然后进行铺胶，再在胶液上铺设纤维，最后固化成型，得到纤维增强复合材料。通过添加石墨提升材料的强度、耐高温及防火性能，其中添加鳞片石墨可以提升材料的强度20%以上，添加可膨胀石墨能够使材料的阻燃效果达到A1‑B2级。

Description

纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于纤维增强复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
纤维增强复合材料(简称FRP)是由增强纤维材料，如玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维等，与基体材料经过缠绕，模压或拉挤等成型工艺而形成的复合材料。根据增强材料的不同，常见的纤维增强复合材料分为玻璃纤维增强复合材料，碳纤维增强复合材料以及芳纶纤维增强复合材料。
玻璃纤维增强塑料，又称为玻璃钢，采用玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯、环氧树脂与酚醛树脂基体得到，具有轻质高强、耐腐蚀、绝缘性能好，导热率低可设计性能好等优点。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法和应用，能够增加强度，提升其阻燃效果。
本发明所采取的技术方案是，一种纤维增强复合材料，包括按重量份的以下材料制成：树脂40-90份、纤维18-35份、固化剂0.3-1.2份、催化剂0.2-1.0份、石墨0.1-20份、膨润土0.7-1.2份、丁醇0.3-0.8份、硫酸钡3-10份和轻质碳酸钙5-12份。
优选的方案中，包括树脂40-60份、纤维20-30份、固化剂0.8-1.2份、催化剂0.8-1.0份、石墨0.5-10份、膨润土0.7-1.2份、丁醇0.3-0.8份、硫酸钡3-10份和轻质碳酸钙5-12份。
进一步地，所用的树脂为不饱和聚酯、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂；固化剂为过氧化甲乙酮，催化剂为钴水。
进一步地，所述石墨为鳞片石墨，纯度在99%以上，添加量为0.5-10份。
进一步地，所述石墨为可膨胀石墨，添加量为5-10份。
进一步地，所述纤维材料为玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维。
进一步地，所述纤维为玻璃纤维丝散丝、玻璃纤维丝直拉丝和玻璃纤维网格布按重量比20-35:10-20:4-10配置，且玻璃纤维丝散丝、玻璃纤维丝直拉丝和玻璃纤维网格布依次按顺序分层铺设。
进一步地，所述材料中还添加有钢丝，钢丝铺设在玻璃纤维丝直拉丝与网格布之间，钢丝铺设前经过表面粗糙化处理。
本发明还涉及制备所述的材料的方法，包括以下步骤：将树脂、固化剂、催化剂、石墨、膨润土、丁醇、硫酸钡和轻质碳酸钙混合制成胶液，然后进行铺胶，再在胶液上铺设纤维，最后固化成型，得到纤维增强复合材料。
本发明还涉及所述纤维增强复合材料在檩条、防腐瓦、防腐水槽、防腐管道、保温隔热管道外侧防护层或者其他具有耐高温、防腐及增加强度要求的装置中的应用。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、通过添加石墨提升材料的强度、耐高温及防火性能，其中添加鳞片石墨可以提升材料的强度5%以上，添加可膨胀石墨能够使材料的防火等级达到A1-B1级，也可同时添加鳞片石墨与可膨胀石墨。
2、添加膨润土、丁醇起到悬浮作用，能够使石墨与树脂材料能够更好的混合，硫酸钡可以阻隔紫外线和可见光，添加轻质碳酸钙，能够起到填充效果，而且轻质碳酸钙与石墨配合，能够进一步增加材料的强度。
3、该材料对紫外线阻隔率高，可以达到98%以上，可见光阻隔率能够达到100%，且阻燃性能优异，尤其适合用于耐高温、耐腐蚀的环境中。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例来进一步说明本发明，但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围。
实施例1：
一种纤维增强复合材料，包括按重量份的以下材料制成：树脂40份、玻璃纤维35份、固化剂过氧化甲乙酮0.4份、催化剂钴水0.3份、鳞片石墨0.8份、膨润土1.2份、丁醇0.6份、硫酸钡5份和轻质碳酸钙8份。
实施例2：
一种纤维增强复合材料，包括按重量份的以下材料制成：树脂80份、玻璃纤维18份、固化剂过氧化甲乙酮1.2份、催化剂钴水1.0份、鳞片石墨2份、膨润土1份、丁醇0.8份、硫酸钡3份和轻质碳酸钙5份。
实施例3：
一种纤维增强复合材料，包括按重量份的以下材料制成：树脂60份、玻璃纤维20份、固化剂过氧化甲乙酮0.6份、催化剂钴水0.6份、鳞片石墨15份、膨润土1份、丁醇0.5份、硫酸钡10份和轻质碳酸钙12份。
将上述实施例中的材料制成玻璃钢片，通过逐步增加鳞片石墨，其强度可以提升5%-25%； 其中实施例1中可以提升6%，实施例2中可以提升14%，实施例3中可以提升23%。
实施例4：
一种纤维增强复合材料，包括按重量份的以下材料制成：树脂40份、玻璃纤维35份、固化剂过氧化甲乙酮0.4份、催化剂钴水0.3份、可膨胀石墨8份、膨润土1.2份、丁醇0.6份、硫酸钡5份和轻质碳酸钙8份。该材料制成玻璃钢片，防火等级达到A2。
上述实施例中，使用的硫酸钡为改性高光硫酸钡，型号为YL-909，购自广东源磊粉体有限公司。上述实施例中添加的纤维为玻璃纤维。另外，玻璃纤维添加时采用玻璃纤维丝散丝、玻璃纤维丝直拉丝和玻璃纤维网格布按重量比20-35:10-20:4-10配置，且玻璃纤维丝散丝、玻璃纤维丝直拉丝和玻璃纤维网格布依次按顺序分层铺设。能够大幅提升产品强度。一步地，在玻璃纤维丝直拉丝与网格布之间，铺设钢丝，能够进一步提升强度，尤其是局部受力较大的部位，通过钢丝加强，效果显著，钢丝铺设前经过表面粗糙化处理，能够更好的与材料固定。
上述的实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案，而不应视为对于本发明的限制，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求记载的技术方案，包括权利要求记载的技术方案中技术特征的等同替换方案为保护范围。即在此范围内的等同替换改进，也在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种纤维增强复合材料，其特征在于，包括按重量份的以下材料制成：树脂40-90份、纤维18-35份、固化剂0.3-1.2份、催化剂0.2-1.0份、膨润土0.7-1.2份、丁醇0.3-0.8份、硫酸钡3-10份、轻质碳酸钙5-12份和石墨；其中石墨包括同时添加的鳞片石墨和可膨胀石墨；鳞片石墨，纯度在99%以上，添加量为0.5-10份；可膨胀石墨，添加量为5-10份；
所述纤维为玻璃纤维丝散丝、玻璃纤维丝直拉丝和玻璃纤维网格布按重量比20-35:10-20:4-10配置，且玻璃纤维丝散丝、玻璃纤维丝直拉丝和玻璃纤维网格布依次按顺序分层铺设；
复合材料制备时，将树脂、固化剂、催化剂、石墨、膨润土、丁醇、硫酸钡和轻质碳酸钙混合制成胶液，然后进行铺胶，再在胶液上铺设纤维，最后固化成型，得到纤维增强复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的材料，其特征在于：所用的树脂为不饱和聚酯、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂；固化剂为过氧化甲乙酮，催化剂为钴水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的材料，其特征在于：所述材料中还添加有钢丝，钢丝铺设在玻璃纤维丝直拉丝与网格布之间，钢丝铺设前经过表面粗糙化处理。
4.权利要求1-3任意一项所述纤维增强复合材料在檩条、防腐瓦、防腐水槽、防腐管道、保温隔热管道外侧防护层或者其他具有耐高温、防腐及增加强度要求的装置中的应用。
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