CN109394891A - 一种膏药制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种膏药制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种膏药,包括生地85~115份、大黄85~115份、肉桂80~110份,白芷60~100份、当归50~80份、玄参50~90份、赤芍50~110份、乳香23~28份、没药14~17份、阿魏9~11份、轻粉19~22份、血余42~56份,马钱子15‑30份、防风30‑50份、杜仲40‑60份、牛膝15‑20份、生川乌25‑45份、生草乌25‑45份、木瓜60‑80份、甘草30‑50份、补骨脂20‑50份、川芎30‑60份、赤芍60‑90份、桃仁60‑80份、紫草60‑90份、红花60‑80份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯220‑260份、树脂粉100‑140份、松香20‑60份和植物油500份;还提出一种膏药制备工艺。本发明具有节约大量能源和粮食,所用原料易得,成本低廉;制作简单,无污染;含药量可大幅提高,渗透性强,易吸收,能达到有效的治疗目的;使用方便,既揭既用,无残留,不污染衣物的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及膏药制备领域,尤其涉及一种膏药制备工艺。
背景技术
黑膏药是祖国中医药疗法传统剂型之一,被列入中医五大剂型之首,属中医外治法的一种,利用膏药贴治疾病,在我国已有上千年的历史,在临床上具有其独特的疗效一直沿用至今。其药性直接“从毛孔而入腠理”不刺激肠胃,避免肝肾的损害,使用方便、药效持久、疗效确切、适应症广泛等优点,目前已广泛应用于内、外、妇、儿各科,并取得了可喜成就。
过去,跌打损伤之类膏药在我国民间早已广泛流传,应用于治疗跌打损伤、消肿化瘀止痛、祛风除湿之类病症外用敷贴的膏药,特别是早已被用于练武术人员,或上山采药药农,或打猎人员最为广泛使用,已有百年历史。这些使用的膏药都以民间祖传秘方或长期摸索实践自身保护的膏药,它是中国制剂中的一种传统剂型,常采用中草药配制而成自用膏药。常用于消肿化瘀、通经治络,祛风湿,治疗跌打损伤等。民间广泛流传的膏药种类很多,例如以麻油与黄丹为基质的黑膏药,以油与宫粉为基质的白膏药,或以橡胶为主要基质的橡皮膏等,其中最为广泛流传的是黑膏药,例如早期在民间走街串巷的“郎中”常用一种广为流传的一种所谓狗皮膏,用于跌打损伤、红种胀痛、血阻不散、宿伤隐痛如软组织损伤等。而传统黑膏药存在以下问题:
1、传统黑膏药制作不方便,污染空气,消耗大量的食用油,浪费大量资源;
2、传统黑膏药的使用不方便,揭下有残留,易污染衣服,不易清理干净;
3、传统黑膏药的制作需要使用大量的黄丹(红丹),含有大量的重金属,长期使用对人体有害。
4、传统黑膏药中的热熔胶为大分子产品,膏药里面的有效成份不易透出,对膏药的效果有很大影响;
5、传统黑膏药中的热熔胶热熔胶粘度大,不能加入有效的药量,很难达到治疗的效果。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中存在的技术问题,本发明提出一种膏药制备工艺,节约大量能源和粮食,所用原料易得,成本低廉;制作简单,无污染;含药量可大幅提高,渗透性强,易吸收,能达到有效的治疗目的;使用方便,既揭既用,无残留,不污染衣物。
本发明提出的一种膏药,包括以下重量份原料:生地85~115份、大黄85~115份、肉桂80~110份,白芷60~100份、当归50~80份、玄参50~90份、赤芍50~110份、乳香23~28份、没药14~17份、阿魏9~11份、轻粉19~22份、血余42~56份,马钱子15-30份、防风30-50份、杜仲40-60份、牛膝15-20份、生川乌25-45份、生草乌25-45份、木瓜60-80份、甘草30-50份、补骨脂20-50份、川芎30-60份、赤芍60-90份、桃仁60-80份、紫草60-90份、红花60-80份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯220-260份、树脂粉100-140份、松香20-60份和植物油500份;
其中,药料包括生地、大黄、肉桂、白芷、当归、玄参、赤芍、乳香、没药、阿魏、轻粉、血余、马钱子、防风、杜仲、牛膝、生川乌、生草乌、木瓜、甘草、补骨脂、川芎、赤芍、桃仁、紫草和红花;基底包括邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、树脂粉和松香;溶剂包括植物油。
优选的,一种膏药,包括以下重量份原料:生地85份、大黄80份、肉桂80份,白芷60份、当归50份、玄参50份、赤芍50份、乳香23份、没药14份、阿魏9份、轻粉19份、血余42份,马钱子15份、防风30份、杜仲40份、牛膝15份、生川乌25份、生草乌25份、木瓜60份、甘草30份、补骨脂20份、川芎30份、赤芍60份、桃仁60份、紫草60份、红花60份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯220份、树脂粉100份、松香20份和植物油500份。
优选的,一种膏药,包括以下重量份原料:生地90份、大黄90份、肉桂90份,白芷80份、当归65份、玄参70份、赤芍80份、乳香25份、没药15份、阿魏10份、轻粉20份、血余50份,马钱子23份、防风40份、杜仲50份、牛膝18份、生川乌35份、生草乌35份、木瓜70份、甘草40份、补骨脂35份、川芎45份、赤芍75份、桃仁70份、紫草75份、红花70份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯240份、树脂粉120份、松香40份和植物油500份。
优选的,一种膏药,包括以下重量份原料:生地115份、大黄115份、肉桂110份,白芷100份、当归80份、玄参90份、赤芍110份、乳香28份、没药17份、阿魏11份、轻粉22份、血余56份,马钱子30份、防风50份、杜仲60份、牛膝20份、生川乌45份、生草乌45份、木瓜80份、甘草50份、补骨脂50份、川芎60份、赤芍90份、桃仁80份、紫草90份、红花80份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯260份、树脂粉140份、松香60份和植物油500份。
优选的,植物油为大豆油、花生油或菜籽油的一种。
优选的,苯二甲酸二丁酯、树脂粉和松香重量百分比为6:3:1。
本发明根据上述的膏药还提出一种膏药的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、按上述重量份称取原材料药料、基底和溶剂;
S2、将药料的原料进行混合,并研磨至粉末状,得到混合物a;
S3、将基底中的松香研磨至粉末状;
S4、在基底中,将邻苯二甲酸二丁酯与树脂粉进行混匀,并控制110-130℃条件下进行搅拌,致使树脂粉全部溶化,得到混合物b;
S5、将混合物a与粉末状的松香在110-130℃条件下进行混匀,得到基底c,备用;
S6、将基底c与药料b进行混匀,并控制在100-120℃条件下,搅拌1h,得到膏药混合物;
S7、将膏药混合物摊铺在膏药布上,压制成型,即可得到膏药成品,并将膏药成品放置在阴凉处保存。
本发明中,膏药采用了生地、大黄、肉桂、白芷、当归、玄参、赤芍等中草药,其这些原材料容易获取,且价格便宜,并具备着良好的药效作用,因此,运用中药归经原则,运用药物互相协调为用的效能,组成多味药物的大复方,以发挥药物的良好效果。由于膏药用于肌表薄贴,所以膏药中取气味具厚的药物,并加以引药率领群药,开结行滞直达病所。因此可透入皮肤产生消炎,止痛,活血化淤,通经走络,开窍透骨,祛风散寒等功效。贴于体表的膏药刺激神经末梢,通过反射,扩张血管,促进局部血液循环,改善周围组织营养,达到消肿,消炎和镇痛的目的。同时药物在患处通过皮肤渗透达皮下组织,在局部产生药物浓度的相对优势,从而发挥较强的药理作用。此外,因膏药中有些刺激性强的药物,强刺激通过神经反射,可以调节肌体功能促进抗体形成,提高人体免疫力。药物穿通皮肤及黏膜后,经过血管或淋巴管进入体循环,也可产生全身性药物作用。同时,也解决了传统的黑膏药和热溶胶膏药如下的问题:
1、传统黑膏药的制作不方便,污染空气,消耗大量的食用油,浪费大量资源;2、传统黑膏药的使用不方便,揭下有残留,易污染衣服,不易清理干净;3、传统黑膏药的制作需要使用大量的黄丹(红丹),含有大量的重金属,长期使用对人体有害;4、热熔胶为大分子产品,膏药里面的有效成份不易透出,对膏药的效果有很大影响;5、热熔胶粘度大,不能加入有效的药量,很难达到治疗的效果。
进而使得本发明的膏药具有以下的优点:1、节约大量能源和粮食,所用原料易得,成本低廉;2、制作简单,无污染;3、含药量可大幅提高,渗透性强,易吸收,能达到有效的治疗目的;4、使用方便,既揭既用,无残留,不污染衣物。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种膏药,包括以下重量份原料:生地85~115份、大黄85~115份、肉桂80~110份,白芷60~100份、当归50~80份、玄参50~90份、赤芍50~110份、乳香23~28份、没药14~17份、阿魏9~11份、轻粉19~22份、血余42~56份,马钱子15-30份、防风30-50份、杜仲40-60份、牛膝15-20份、生川乌25-45份、生草乌25-45份、木瓜60-80份、甘草30-50份、补骨脂20-50份、川芎30-60份、赤芍60-90份、桃仁60-80份、紫草60-90份、红花60-80份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯220-260份、树脂粉100-140份、松香20-60份和植物油500份;
其中,药料包括生地、大黄、肉桂、白芷、当归、玄参、赤芍、乳香、没药、阿魏、轻粉、血余、马钱子、防风、杜仲、牛膝、生川乌、生草乌、木瓜、甘草、补骨脂、川芎、赤芍、桃仁、紫草和红花;基底包括邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、树脂粉和松香;溶剂包括植物油。
实施例2
一种膏药,包括以下重量份原料:生地85份、大黄80份、肉桂80份,白芷60份、当归50份、玄参50份、赤芍50份、乳香23份、没药14份、阿魏9份、轻粉19份、血余42份,马钱子15份、防风30份、杜仲40份、牛膝15份、生川乌25份、生草乌25份、木瓜60份、甘草30份、补骨脂20份、川芎30份、赤芍60份、桃仁60份、紫草60份、红花60份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯220份、树脂粉100份、松香20份和植物油500份;
其中,药料包括生地、大黄、肉桂、白芷、当归、玄参、赤芍、乳香、没药、阿魏、轻粉、血余、马钱子、防风、杜仲、牛膝、生川乌、生草乌、木瓜、甘草、补骨脂、川芎、赤芍、桃仁、紫草和红花;基底包括邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、树脂粉和松香;溶剂包括植物油。
实施例3
一种膏药,包括以下重量份原料:生地90份、大黄90份、肉桂90份,白芷80份、当归65份、玄参70份、赤芍80份、乳香25份、没药15份、阿魏10份、轻粉20份、血余50份,马钱子23份、防风40份、杜仲50份、牛膝18份、生川乌35份、生草乌35份、木瓜70份、甘草40份、补骨脂35份、川芎45份、赤芍75份、桃仁70份、紫草75份、红花70份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯240份、树脂粉120份、松香40份和植物油500份;
其中,药料包括生地、大黄、肉桂、白芷、当归、玄参、赤芍、乳香、没药、阿魏、轻粉、血余、马钱子、防风、杜仲、牛膝、生川乌、生草乌、木瓜、甘草、补骨脂、川芎、赤芍、桃仁、紫草和红花;基底包括邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、树脂粉和松香;溶剂包括植物油。
实施例4
一种膏药,包括以下重量份原料:生地115份、大黄115份、肉桂110份,白芷100份、当归80份、玄参90份、赤芍110份、乳香28份、没药17份、阿魏11份、轻粉22份、血余56份,马钱子30份、防风50份、杜仲60份、牛膝20份、生川乌45份、生草乌45份、木瓜80份、甘草50份、补骨脂50份、川芎60份、赤芍90份、桃仁80份、紫草90份、红花80份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯260份、树脂粉140份、松香60份和植物油500份;
其中,药料包括生地、大黄、肉桂、白芷、当归、玄参、赤芍、乳香、没药、阿魏、轻粉、血余、马钱子、防风、杜仲、牛膝、生川乌、生草乌、木瓜、甘草、补骨脂、川芎、赤芍、桃仁、紫草和红花;基底包括邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、树脂粉和松香;溶剂包括植物油。
本实施例的一种膏药的具体工作过程中,由于黄丹能直接杀灭细菌、寄生虫,并有制止粘液分泌的作用,易造成铅中毒。所以传统黑膏药的配方中需要使用大量的黄丹(红丹),但由于红丹中含有铅,长期使用对人体有害,所以本发明的膏药采用了生地、大黄、肉桂、白芷、当归、玄参、赤芍、乳香、没药、阿魏、轻粉、血余、马钱子、防风、杜仲、牛膝、生川乌、生草乌、木瓜、甘草、补骨脂、川芎、赤芍、桃仁、紫草和红花的中草药,其这些原材料容易获取,且价格便宜,并具备着良好的药效作用,因此,运用中药归经原则,运用药物互相协调为用的效能,组成多味药物的大复方,以发挥药物的良好效果。由于膏药用于肌表薄贴,所以膏药中取气味具厚的药物,并加以引药率领群药,开结行滞直达病所。因此可透入皮肤产生消炎,止痛,活血化淤,通经走络,开窍透骨,祛风散寒等功效。贴于体表的膏药刺激神经末梢,通过反射,扩张血管,促进局部血液循环,改善周围组织营养,达到消肿,消炎和镇痛的目的。同时药物在患处通过皮肤渗透达皮下组织,在局部产生药物浓度的相对优势,从而发挥较强的药理作用。此外,因膏药中有些刺激性强的药物,强刺激通过神经反射,可以调节肌体功能促进抗体形成,提高人体免疫力,药物穿通皮肤及黏膜后,经过血管或淋巴管进入体循环,也可产生全身性药物作用。
在具体实施方式中,植物油为大豆油、花生油或菜籽油的一种,植物油以质地纯净的菜籽油为佳,尤其大豆油最佳,其优点是炼制时泡沫少,有利于操作,且制成的膏药色泽光亮、性粘、质量好。
进一步的,苯二甲酸二丁酯、树脂粉和松香重量百分比为6:3:1。
实施例5
本发明根据上述实施例中的膏药还提出一种膏药的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、按上述重量份称取原材料药料、基底和溶剂;
S2、将药料的原料进行混合,并研磨至粉末状,得到混合物a;
S3、将基底中的松香研磨至粉末状;
S4、在基底中,将邻苯二甲酸二丁酯与树脂粉进行混匀,并控制110-130℃条件下进行搅拌,致使树脂粉全部溶化,得到混合物b;
S5、将混合物a与粉末状的松香在110-130℃条件下进行混匀,得到基底c,备用;
S6、将基底c与药料b进行混匀,并控制在100-120℃条件下,搅拌1h,得到膏药混合物;
S7、将膏药混合物摊铺在膏药布上,压制成型,即可得到膏药成品,并将膏药成品放置在阴凉处保存。
传统黑膏药存在以下缺点:1、制作不方便,污染空气,消耗大量的食用油,浪费大量资源;2、传统黑膏药的使用不方便,揭下有残留,易污染衣服,不易清理干净;3、传统黑膏药的制作需要使用大量的黄丹(红丹),含有大量的重金属,长期使用对人体有害;4、热熔胶为大分子产品,膏药里面的有效成份不易透出,对膏药的效果有很大影响;5、热熔胶粘度大,不能加入有效的药量,很难达到治疗的效果。
然后通过本发明的黑膏药制备工艺进行改进,使得本发明的黑膏药具有以下的优点:1、节约大量能源和粮食,所用原料易得,成本低廉;2、制作简单,无污染;3、含药量可大幅提高,渗透性强,易吸收,能达到有效的治疗目的;4、使用方便,既揭既用,无残留,不污染衣物。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种膏药,其特征在于,包括以下重量份原料:生地85~115份、大黄85~115份、肉桂80~110份,白芷60~100份、当归50~80份、玄参50~90份、赤芍50~110份、乳香23~28份、没药14~17份、阿魏9~11份、轻粉19~22份、血余42~56份,马钱子15-30份、防风30-50份、杜仲40-60份、牛膝15-20份、生川乌25-45份、生草乌25-45份、木瓜60-80份、甘草30-50份、补骨脂20-50份、川芎30-60份、赤芍60-90份、桃仁60-80份、紫草60-90份、红花60-80份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯220-260份、树脂粉100-140份、松香20-60份和植物油500份;
其中,药料包括生地、大黄、肉桂、白芷、当归、玄参、赤芍、乳香、没药、阿魏、轻粉、血余、马钱子、防风、杜仲、牛膝、生川乌、生草乌、木瓜、甘草、补骨脂、川芎、赤芍、桃仁、紫草和红花;基底包括邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、树脂粉和松香;溶剂包括植物油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种膏药,其特征在于,包括以下重量份原料:生地85份、大黄80份、肉桂80份,白芷60份、当归50份、玄参50份、赤芍50份、乳香23份、没药14份、阿魏9份、轻粉19份、血余42份,马钱子15份、防风30份、杜仲40份、牛膝15份、生川乌25份、生草乌25份、木瓜60份、甘草30份、补骨脂20份、川芎30份、赤芍60份、桃仁60份、紫草60份、红花60份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯220份、树脂粉100份、松香20份和植物油500份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种膏药,其特征在于,包括以下重量份原料:生地90份、大黄90份、肉桂90份,白芷80份、当归65份、玄参70份、赤芍80份、乳香25份、没药15份、阿魏10份、轻粉20份、血余50份,马钱子23份、防风40份、杜仲50份、牛膝18份、生川乌35份、生草乌35份、木瓜70份、甘草40份、补骨脂35份、川芎45份、赤芍75份、桃仁70份、紫草75份、红花70份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯240份、树脂粉120份、松香40份和植物油500份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种膏药,其特征在于,包括以下重量份原料:生地115份、大黄115份、肉桂110份,白芷100份、当归80份、玄参90份、赤芍110份、乳香28份、没药17份、阿魏11份、轻粉22份、血余56份,马钱子30份、防风50份、杜仲60份、牛膝20份、生川乌45份、生草乌45份、木瓜80份、甘草50份、补骨脂50份、川芎60份、赤芍90份、桃仁80份、紫草90份、红花80份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯260份、树脂粉140份、松香60份和植物油500份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种膏药,其特征在于,植物油为大豆油、花生油或菜籽油的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种膏药,其特征在于,苯二甲酸二丁酯、树脂粉和松香重量百分比为6:3:1。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的膏药,还提出了一种膏药制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤;
S1、按上述重量份称取原材料药料、基底和溶剂;
S2、将药料的原料进行混合,并研磨至粉末状,得到混合物a,备用;
S3、将基底中的松香研磨至粉末状;
S4、在基底中,将邻苯二甲酸二丁酯与树脂粉进行混匀,并控制110-130℃条件下进行搅拌,致使树脂粉全部溶化,得到混合物b;
S5、将混合物a与粉末状的松香在110-130℃条件下进行混匀,得到基底c,备用;
S6、将基底c与药料b进行混匀,并控制在100-120℃条件下,搅拌1h,得到膏药混合物;
S7、将膏药混合物摊铺在膏药布上,压制成型,即可得到膏药成品,并将膏药成品放置在阴凉处保存。
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