CN109374926A - A kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test method and its device - Google Patents

A kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test method and its device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109374926A
CN109374926A CN201811425726.4A CN201811425726A CN109374926A CN 109374926 A CN109374926 A CN 109374926A CN 201811425726 A CN201811425726 A CN 201811425726A CN 109374926 A CN109374926 A CN 109374926A
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fiber grating
pendulum
transverse acceleration
outline border
optical fiber
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CN109374926B (en
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谢铠泽
许红彬
赵维刚
李峰
杜彦良
孙宝臣
郑新雨
孙旭
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Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/03Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses by using non-electrical means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test method and its devices, are related to oscillation crosswise monitoring technical field.Including including a test device, the test device includes an outline border, being equipped in outline border can be with measurand horizontal vibration and relative to the dead-weight pendulum of vertical guide or so reciprocally swinging, a fiber grating fixed with the upper ledge of outline border is respectively fixed in two sides that pendulum is swung, when the oscillation crosswise generation for thering is the direction of propagation to be parallel to horizontal plane, using the functional relation and calculation method between fiber grating tester and the strain incrementss and strain reduction amount and acceleration of two fiber gratings, the test of measurand transverse acceleration is realized.Its test method and its structure of device are simple, are easy to make, high sensitivity, longitudinal to inhibit than high, only sensitive to transverse acceleration, realize the high precision measurement of measurand transverse acceleration with can be convenient.

Description

A kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test method and its device
Technical field
The present invention relates to oscillation crosswise monitoring technical field, more specifically a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity laterally adds Testing method and its device.
Background technique
In fields such as civil engineering structure safety monitorings, vibration monitoring is very universal and particularly important, and vibration monitoring needs To rely on acceleration transducer.
Although traditional electricity acceleration transducer (generally comprises piezoresistance type acceleration sensor, piezoelectric type acceleration passes Sensor, capacitance acceleration transducer etc.) develop for a long time, technology also comparative maturity, but have many limitations, than As being easy to be unable to long distance transmission by electromagnetic interference, large area reuse cost is higher, is easy to be corroded by moisture attacks. The appearance of optical fiber sensing technology provides possibility to solve these problems.
Currently, the most normal with Bragg fiber grating acceleration transducer based on wavelength modulation type optical fibre vibration sensor See, it has electromagnetism interference, can transmit at a distance, be easy to the distinguishing features such as networking.Bragg fiber grating acceleration sensing Device structure mostly uses greatly beam type (simply supported beam, cantilever beam, special-shaped beam etc.) structure.The characteristics of due to its structure itself, most of cloth Loudspeaker lattice optical fibre grating acceleration sensor is tested for vertical acceleration, and research lays particular emphasis on longitudinal Zeng Min, while inhibiting its cross To acceleration sensitivity (such as patent CN205246695U only has response to extensional vibration, laterally inhibits than high), rarely has and be related to cross To acceleration once quick research.Although part fiber grating acceleration transducer can be tested in such a way that transposition is installed, But transposition use will appear null offset, bad stability causes monitoring accuracy poor, is not able to satisfy requirement.
In fields such as the positioning of side slope rockfall, seismic monitorings, it is outstanding that transverse vibration monitors the requirement analyzed and its to precision To be important and stringent, it there is no high-precision method and apparatus at present, this, which becomes, restricts transverse vibration high precision and high sensitivity engineering One bottleneck of structural safety monitoring.Therefore, develop a kind of laterally highly sensitive acceleration test method and device thereof needs very much It wants and is badly in need of.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test methods And its device, it solves the problems, such as that existing fiber grating sensor can not be tested accurately and laterally accelerates.Its test method and its dress The structure set is simple, is easy to make, high sensitivity, longitudinal to inhibit than high, only sensitive to transverse acceleration, realizes with can be convenient The high precision measurement of measurand transverse acceleration.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration Test method, which is characterized in that including a test device, which includes an outline border, and being equipped in outline border can be with quilt It surveys object horizontal to vibrate and the dead-weight pendulum relative to vertical guide or so reciprocally swinging, in two sides that dead-weight pendulum is swung Side is respectively fixed with a fiber grating 7 fixed with outline border, and two fiber gratings pass through optical fiber and fiber grating tester connects It connects;When measurand horizontal vibration, between the strain incrementss and strain reduction amount and acceleration using two fiber gratings Functional relation and calculation method, realize measurand transverse acceleration test.
Further, the calculation method includes formula Δ l=r θ,, in formula, △ l is that the length of fiber grating changes Amount;θ is the deflection angle of pendulum;R is effective radius of turn of pendulum.
There are following relationships with acceleration for the deflection angle of pendulum:
In formula, a is acceleration, and g is acceleration of gravity.
When θ is smaller:
It is fixed on the strain of the fiber grating 7 between the upper ledge of outline border and pendulum are as follows:
In formula, ε is the strain of fiber grating;L is the length for the fiber grating being fixed between the upper ledge of outline border and pendulum.
The central wavelength of fiber grating and the relationship of strain are as follows:
In formula, Δ λ is the variable quantity of the central wavelength of fiber grating;The central wavelength of λ fiber grating;Pe is fiber optic materials Elasto-optical coefficient.
By formula 2.~5. formula obtains the sensitivity of the sensor are as follows:
Preferably, use fiber grating 7 for general silica bragg grating, elasto-optical coefficient 0.78.
A kind of test device as used in a kind of above-mentioned optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test method, it is special Sign is that the device includes an outline border, and being equipped in outline border can be past relative to vertical guide or so with measurand horizontal vibration The dynamic dead-weight pendulum of physical pendulum is respectively fixed with an optical fiber light fixed with outline border in two sides that dead-weight pendulum is swung Grid, two fiber gratings pass through optical fiber and connect with fiber grating tester;When measurand horizontal vibration, two light are utilized Functional relation and calculation method between the strain incrementss and strain reduction amount and acceleration of fine grating, realize that measurand is horizontal Test to acceleration.
Can solve existing fiber grating sensor can not accurately test the problem of laterally accelerating.Its test method and its The structure of device is simple, is easy to make, high sensitivity, longitudinal to inhibit than high, only sensitive to transverse acceleration, and it is real to can be convenient ground The high precision measurement of existing measurand transverse acceleration.
Preferably, outline border is equipped with the horizontal base lower frame and upper ledge being capable of fixing on tested horizontal vibration object, also wraps Include 2 munnions, same level swings that axis line position is opposite to be set there are two top on 2 munnions, two it is top respectively with pendulum Cooperation is freely rotated in two tapered blind holes of two sides, two fiber gratings fixed with two sides that dead-weight pendulum is swung The other end and the fixed simultaneously through hole of upper ledge pass through upper ledge;When dead-weight pendulum perpendicular stationary state downwards, two optical fiber light Grid are in vertical run-in index;Fiber grating tester 1 is connect with two fiber gratings by optical fiber;The top and pendulum is equal For metal material.
It can be more convenient preferably to realize the high precision measurement of measurand transverse acceleration.
Further, one end that the fiber grating and pendulum side are fixed can extend and through hole is pierced by outline border.
Preferably, described top to be equipped with horizontal direction adjustable structure.It is convenient to use.
Preferably, the adjustable structure are as follows: top rear portion is equipped with outer with the corresponding threaded holes conjunction on two munnions Screw thread.It is convenient to use.
Preferably, the top of the dead-weight pendulum is at the top of semi-cylindrical.It is convenient to use.
Further, the center of gravity of the dead-weight pendulum is lower than swing central axes;The outline border further includes six faces, Outline border is set to become a closed box;One closed box in cuboid;The fiber grating is using bonding or weldering The mode of connecing carries out both ends and fixes;Further, the top and pendulum is metal material;The fiber grating is common Bragg grating;Further, the common bragg grating is general silica bragg grating, Its elasto-optical coefficient is 0.78.
The positive effect of the present invention is: technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivities Transverse acceleration test method and its device solve the problems, such as that existing sensor is unable to test and laterally accelerate.Its test method And its structure of device it is simple, be easy to make, high sensitivity, it is longitudinal to inhibit than high, it is only sensitive to transverse acceleration, can be convenient The high precision measurement of ground realization measured piece transverse acceleration.
Detailed description of the invention
It to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to embodiment or description of the prior art Needed in attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only of the invention some Embodiment for those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative labor, can also be according to these Attached drawing obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the solid of test device used in a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test method of the present invention Structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the front view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the side sectional view of Fig. 1.
Each label meaning in figure are as follows: 1, fiber grating tester, 2, (optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration) test Device, 3, optical fiber, 4, outline border, 4-1, upper ledge, 4-2, horizontal base lower frame, 4-3,4-4, munnion, 5, (dead-weight) pendulum, 5-1, half 5-2,5-3, tapered blind hole at the top of cylindrical type, 6, top, 7, fiber grating, 7-1, left fiber grating, 7-2, right fiber grating.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved are more clearly understood, tie below Accompanying drawings and embodiments are closed, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only To explain the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of specific embodiment as the method for the present invention.The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of fiber grating Highly sensitive transverse acceleration test method, which is characterized in that including a test device 2, which includes one outer Frame 4, be equipped in outline border 4 can with measurand horizontal vibration and relative to the dead-weight pendulum 5 of vertical guide or so reciprocally swinging, Two sides that dead-weight pendulum 5 is swung respectively are fixed with a fiber grating 7 fixed with outline border 4, and two fiber gratings 7 are logical Optical fiber 2 is crossed to connect with fiber grating tester 1;When testedWhen object horizontal is vibrated, increased using the strain of two fiber gratings 7 Functional relation and calculation method between amount and strain reduction amount and acceleration realize the test of measurand transverse acceleration.
This method can solve existing fiber grating sensor and can not accurately test the problem of laterally accelerating.Its test side Method and its structure of device are simple, are easy to make, high sensitivity, longitudinal to inhibit than high, only sensitive to transverse acceleration, Ke Yifang Just the high precision measurement of measurand transverse acceleration is realized.
A kind of specific embodiment as the method for the present invention.Further, the calculation method includes formula Δ l= R θ, in formula, △ l is the length variable quantity of optical fiber;θ is the deflection angle of pendulum 5;R is effective radius of turn of pendulum 5.
There are following relationships with acceleration for the deflection angle of pendulum 5:
In formula, a is acceleration, and g is acceleration of gravity.
When θ is smaller:
It is fixed on the strain of the fiber grating 7 between the upper ledge 4-1 of outline border 4 and pendulum 5 are as follows:
In formula, ε is the strain of fiber grating;L is the fiber grating 7 being fixed between the upper ledge 4-1 of outline border 4 and pendulum 5 Length.
The central wavelength of fiber grating 7 and the relationship of strain are as follows:
In formula, Δ λ is the variable quantity of 7 central wavelength of fiber grating;The central wavelength of λ fiber grating 7;Pe is fiber optic materials Elasto-optical coefficient.
By formula 2.~5. formula obtains the sensitivity of the optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test device are as follows:
A kind of specific embodiment as the method for the present invention.Preferably, using common Prague of silica material Fiber grating, elasto-optical coefficient 0.78.
Example: when effective radius of turn of pendulum 5 is 5mm, the optical fiber light being fixed between the upper ledge 4-1 of outline border 4 and pendulum 5 When the length 20mm of grid 7, the sensitivity that the sensor can be obtained by formula (6) is about 8.53 × 104pm/g。
A kind of specific embodiment as apparatus of the present invention.A kind of a kind of such as above-mentioned optical fiber grating high-sensitivity is lateral Test device 2 used in acceleration test method, which is characterized in that the device 2 includes an outline border 4, and being equipped in outline border 4 can be with Measurand horizontal vibration and the dead-weight pendulum 5 relative to vertical guide or so reciprocally swinging, two swung in dead-weight pendulum 5 A side is respectively fixed with a fiber grating 7 fixed with outline border 4, and two fiber gratings 7 are surveyed by optical fiber 2 and fiber grating Instrument 1 is tried to connect;When measurand horizontal vibration, using two fiber gratings 7 strain incrementss and strain reduction amount with plus Functional relation and calculation method between speed realize the high sensitivity testing of measurand transverse acceleration.
A kind of specific embodiment as apparatus of the present invention.See Fig. 1-3.Preferably, outline border 4 is equipped with one and is capable of fixing Horizontal base lower frame 4-1 or upper ledge 4-2 on tested horizontal vibration part, further include two munnion 4-3,4-4, two munnion 4-3, The upper same level of 4-4 swings axis line position and is set relatively there are two top 6, and two top 6 are bored with two of 5 two sides of pendulum respectively Cooperation is freely rotated in shape blind hole, the other end of two fixed fiber gratings 7 of two sides swung with dead-weight pendulum 5 with it is upper Frame 4-1 is fixed and through hole passes through upper ledge 4-1;When the perpendicular stationary state downwards of dead-weight pendulum 5, two fiber gratings 7 In vertical run-in index;Fiber grating tester 1 is connect with two fiber gratings 7 by optical fiber 3;Top 6 and the pendulum 5 It is metal material.
A kind of specific embodiment as apparatus of the present invention.See Fig. 1-3.Further, the fiber grating 7 with The fixed one end in 5 side of pendulum can extend and through hole is pierced by outline border 4.
A kind of specific embodiment as apparatus of the present invention.See Fig. 1-3.Preferably, described top 6 it is equipped with level Direction-adjustable structure.
A kind of specific embodiment as apparatus of the present invention.See Fig. 1-3.Preferably, the adjustable structure are as follows: Top 6 rear portion is equipped with the external screw thread closed with the corresponding threaded holes on two munnions 4-3,4-4.
A kind of specific embodiment as apparatus of the present invention.See Fig. 1-3.Preferably, the dead-weight pendulum 5 Top is 5-1 at the top of semi-cylindrical in semi-cylindrical.
When the vibration for being parallel to 5 swaying direction of pendulum occurs, pendulum 5 can be swung, be fixed on pendulum 5 and outline border 4 it Between fiber grating 7 for directly perceive pendulum swing situation, thus realize vibration information perception.
Distance L of the center of gravity of dead-weight pendulum apart from shaft or swing central axes (central axes of two tapered blind holes) is greater than The radius of turn r of dead-weight pendulum rotating shaft position.
A kind of specific embodiment as apparatus of the present invention.Preferably, top 6 and pendulum 5 are metal Material.
A kind of specific embodiment as apparatus of the present invention.Preferably, the fiber grating 7 is common Prague Fiber grating.
A kind of specific embodiment as apparatus of the present invention.Preferably, the common bragg grating is General silica bragg grating, elasto-optical coefficient 0.78.
Not addressing part those skilled in the art above can implement.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test method, which is characterized in that including a test device (2), The test device (2) includes an outline border (4), and being equipped in outline border (4) can be with measurand horizontal vibration and relative to vertical guide The dead-weight pendulum (5) of left and right reciprocally swinging is respectively fixed with one and outline border in two sides that dead-weight pendulum (5) are swung (4) the fixed fiber grating (7) of upper ledge (4-1) utilizes light when the horizontal cross for being parallel to vertical plane, which is vibrated, to be occurred Function between fine grating test instrument (1) and the strain incrementss and strain reduction amount and acceleration of two fiber gratings (7) closes System and calculation method realize the test of measurand transverse acceleration.
2. a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute The calculation method stated includes formula Δ l=r θ, and in formula, △ l is the length variable quantity of optical fiber;θ is the deflection angle of pendulum;R is pendulum Effective radius of turn of hammer.
There are following relationships with acceleration for the deflection angle of pendulum:
In formula, a is acceleration, and g is acceleration of gravity.
When θ is smaller:
It is fixed on the strain of the fiber grating (7) between the upper ledge (4-1) of outline border (4) and pendulum (5) are as follows:
In formula, ε is the strain of fiber grating;L is the fiber grating being fixed between the upper ledge (4-1) of outline border (4) and pendulum (5) Length;
The central wavelength of fiber grating and the relationship of strain are as follows:
In formula, Δ λ is the variable quantity of fiber bragg grating center wavelength;The central wavelength of λ fiber grating;Pe is the bullet light of fiber optic materials Coefficient.
By formula 2.~5. formula obtains the sensitivity of the sensor are as follows:
3. a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that adopt It is common bragg grating with fiber grating (7).
4. used in a kind of a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test method as claimed in claim 1,2 or 3 Test device, which is characterized in that the device includes an outline border (4), be equipped in outline border can with measurand horizontal vibration phase For the dead-weight pendulum (5) of vertical guide or so reciprocally swinging, one is respectively fixed in two sides that dead-weight pendulum (5) are swung The fiber grating (7) that root and outline border (4) are fixed, two fiber gratings (7) connect with fiber grating tester (1);When tested When object horizontal is vibrated, the function between the strain incrementss and strain reduction amount and acceleration of two fiber gratings (7) is utilized Relationship and calculation method realize the test of measurand transverse acceleration.
5. a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that outer Frame (4) is equipped with the horizontal base lower frame (4-2) and upper ledge (4-1) being capable of fixing on tested horizontal vibration object, further includes two A munnion, same level swings that axis line position is opposite to set that there are two top (6) on two munnions (4-3,4-4), and two top (6) cooperation is freely rotated in two tapered blind holes (5-2,5-3) respectively with pendulum two sides, two swung with dead-weight pendulum (5) The other end and upper ledge (4-1) of two fixed fiber gratings (7) of a side are fixed and through hole passes through upper ledge (4-1);When certainly Weight formula pendulum (5) downwards perpendicular stationary state when, two fiber gratings (7) are in vertical run-in index;Fiber grating tester (1) It is connect with two fiber gratings (7).
6. a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that institute The fiber grating (7) stated can extend with the fixed one end in pendulum (5) side and through hole is pierced by outline border (4).
7. a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that institute Top (6) stated are equipped with horizontal direction adjustable structure.
8. a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that institute The adjustable structure stated are as follows: top (6) rear portion is equipped with the external screw thread closed with the corresponding threaded holes on 2 munnions (4-3,4-4).
9. a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that institute The top for the dead-weight pendulum (5) stated is at the top of semi-cylindrical (5-1).
10. a kind of optical fiber grating high-sensitivity transverse acceleration test device according to any one of claim 4-9, It is characterized in that, the center of gravity of the dead-weight pendulum (5) is lower than swing central axes;The outline border (4) further includes six faces, is made Outline border becomes a closed box;One closed box in cuboid;The fiber grating (7) is using bonding or weldering The mode of connecing carries out both ends and fixes;Top (6) and pendulum (5) are metal material;The fiber grating (7) is common Bragg grating;.The common bragg grating is general silica bragg grating, plays spectrum Number is 0.78.
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Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN107131843A (en) * 2017-07-11 2017-09-05 中国矿业大学 A kind of colliery cage guide damage deformation on-line monitoring system and method based on optical fiber grating sensing
CN108627388A (en) * 2018-04-25 2018-10-09 扬州大学 A kind of measurement method of instantaneous impact
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