CN102147422B - Servo-type fiber bragg grating (FBG) acceleration sensor - Google Patents
Servo-type fiber bragg grating (FBG) acceleration sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102147422B CN102147422B CN2011100001439A CN201110000143A CN102147422B CN 102147422 B CN102147422 B CN 102147422B CN 2011100001439 A CN2011100001439 A CN 2011100001439A CN 201110000143 A CN201110000143 A CN 201110000143A CN 102147422 B CN102147422 B CN 102147422B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a servo-type acceleration sensor. The servo-type fiber bragg grating (FBG) acceleration sensor is characterized in that a shell is made from a soft magnetic material, and a cylindrical detection mass block is sleeved outside a cylindrical permanent magnet and is fixed on the shell through an elastic cantilever beam; the cylindrical detection mass block is externally wound with a plurality of turns of magnetic drive coil, and two ends of the magnetic drive coil are connected with a feedback current input port arranged on the shell; and an FBG is firmly adhered to the surface of the elastic cantilever beam, one end of an optical fiber is connected with an optical fiber joint arranged on the shell, and the other end of the optical fiber is connected with an input end of the FBG. The FBG is used for measuring the strain of the cantilever beam to obtain displacement information for quality detection, and then, a servo control technology is used for balancing an inertia force to measure the acceleration of the motion of an object. The servo-type acceleration sensor provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, good low-frequency characteristic, high testing precision and sensitivity, and insusceptibility to interference of electromagnetic radiation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of servo-type acceleration transducer based on Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG).
Background technology
Acceleration transducer is a kind of device that is used for the Measuring Object acceleration of motion, is widely used in fields such as geophysical survey, seismic surveying, communications and transportation, Aero-Space.
Acceleration transducer utilizes principle of inertia to carry out work.The method that two kinds of Measuring Object acceleration of motion are arranged usually:
(1) carries out Derivative Operation and obtain acceleration through the displacement or the speed of Measuring Object, and to it with respect to inertia detection quality.
(2) through measuring the acceleration that size that the inertia that moves with testee detects the suffered inertial force of quality obtains object of which movement.
Acceleration transducer of a great variety, from Purely mechanical develop into gradually that liquid is floating, magnetic levitation and air-flotation type, and flexible, laser afterwards, piezoelectric crystal resonant mode etc.Dissimilar accelerometers has advantage and deficiency separately, like capacitive accelerometer, has that temperature coefficient is little, a good stability, highly sensitive advantage, but to be requirement on machining accuracy too high and signal processing circuit is complicated for shortcoming; Piezoelectric accelerometer has the wide and highly sensitive characteristics of frequency response, but piezoelectric polarization generation is the direct current electric charge, in low frequency, is difficult to carry out piezo-electric measurement, influences the low frequency characteristic of sensor.All in all; The quality of acceleration transducer performance; Crucial will see its response condition, yet acceleration in the time of will obtaining object and make low frequency movement is unusual difficulty in low-frequency range; Must adopt new principle, special method and technology, guarantee that it has good acceleration responsive curve in low-frequency range.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, low frequency characteristic good, measuring accuracy and highly sensitive, as not to be subject to electromagnetic interference servo-type Fiber Bragg Grating FBG acceleration transducer.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: servo-type Fiber Bragg Grating FBG acceleration transducer is characterized in that: its involving vibrations displacement transducer and servo feed back control system; The vibration displacement sensor comprises that shell 1, cylindrical shape detect mass 3, optical fiber 6, fibre-optical splice 7, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 8, elastic cantilever 9;
Servo feed back control system comprise cylindrical permanent magnet 2, magnetically-actuated coil 4, down permanent magnet adjustment bolt 5, go up permanent magnet adjustment bolt 11;
The number of said elastic cantilever 9 is four, and four corresponding respectively left upper end, upper right side, left lower end, bottom righthand sides with cylindrical shape detection mass 3 of elastic cantilever 9 link to each other, and four elastic cantilevers 9 are positioned at same vertical plane.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, simple in structure; Utilize the vibration isolation effect of semi-girder to make cylindrical shape detect the reference frame that mass 3 becomes an absolute rest; When sensor outer housing vibrates vertically; Because the inertia of mass; The crooked generation of semi-girder strain changes the optical fiber constant of the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG that sticks on the semi-girder surface securely, and catoptrical like this centre wavelength drift has just been set up relation with the axial displacement of cylindrical shape detection mass; Meanwhile measure the size and Orientation of axial displacement, and the output feedback current, produce one and act on the power in the opposite direction on the cylindrical shape detection mass with inertial force, make cylindrical shape detection mass and extraneous vibration object keep static relatively.Just can confirm the size of shell vibration acceleration through the size of measuring the FEEDBACK CONTROL electric current.
2, adopt Fiber Bragg Grating FBG to carry out displacement sensing and can improve measuring accuracy and the sensitivity that cylindrical shape detects the mass relative displacement; Secondly; Owing to added the FEEDBACK CONTROL link; Cylindrical shape detects mass and keeps relative static conditions basically with shell all the time, compares with the acceleration transducer of other type, and responding range of the present invention is big; Low frequency characteristic is good, measuring accuracy and highly sensitive, be not subject to electromagnetic interference, be applicable to the vibration survey of railway, bridge, nuclear power station, dam and building.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of servo-type Fiber Bragg Grating FBG acceleration transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of displacement signal extraction and processing and feedback control system.
Among the figure: the 1-shell, the cylindrical permanent magnet of 2-, the 3-cylindrical shape detects mass; 4-magnetically-actuated coil, permanent magnet adjustment bolt under the 5-, 6-optical fiber; 7-fibre-optical splice (FC/APC), 8-Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG), 9-elastic cantilever; 10-feedback current input port, the last permanent magnet adjustment of 11-bolt.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, servo-type Fiber Bragg Grating FBG acceleration transducer, its involving vibrations displacement transducer and servo feed back control system (under single-chip microcomputer or DSP Based Intelligent Control, accomplishing fiber grating demodulation, displacement measurement and dynamic balance control task); The vibration displacement sensor comprises that shell 1, cylindrical shape detect mass 3, optical fiber 6, fibre-optical splice (FC/APC) 7, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG) 8, elastic cantilever 9;
Servo feed back control system comprise cylindrical permanent magnet 2, magnetically-actuated coil (or claiming coil) 4, down permanent magnet adjustment bolt 5, go up permanent magnet adjustment bolt 11;
The number of said elastic cantilever 9 is four; Four corresponding respectively left upper end, upper right side, left lower end, bottom righthand sides with cylindrical shape detection mass 3 of elastic cantilever 9 link to each other; And it is (as shown in Figure 1 that four elastic cantilevers 9 are positioned at same vertical plane; Four elastic cantilevers 9 are symmetrically distributed; The axis that detects mass 3 with respect to cylindrical shape is symmetrically distributed, and is respectively upper left elastic cantilever, upper right elastic cantilever, a left side elastic cantilever, bottom right elastic cantilever down, and size, specification, material are identical; Elastic cantilever 9 not only plays support cylinder shape and detects mass 3, the more important thing is that they are equivalent to four springs, play the vibration isolation effect).Four elastic cantilevers 9 require specification consistent; Material is even, and good springiness will make four semi-girders remain in the vertical plane during installation; Cylindrical shape detects 3 pairs of four semi-girders of mass and is symmetrically distributed, and guarantees the variation basically identical of four semi-girder stress and strains.The width of elastic cantilever 9 and thickness detect the quality of mass 3 and magnetically-actuated coil 4 according to cylindrical shape and decide.
In order to guarantee that uniform magnetic field distributes, require the distance between cylindrical permanent magnet 2 and the shell 1 little, only need guarantee that magnetically-actuated coil 4 can get final product therein in free movement.Two permanent magnet adjustment bolts can be adjusted the position of permanent magnet up and down, guarantee that magnetic field evenly distributes, and reduce leakage field and edge effect.
As shown in Figure 2; Displacement signal extraction and processing and feedback control system comprise feedback current driver, output current controller, single-chip microcomputer (or DSP), LCD, wideband laser instrument, optical fiber, fiber coupler, fiber grating demodulation device, prime amplifier, AD converter; The feedback current output end of driver links to each other with feedback current input port 10 on the shell 1; The input end of feedback current driver links to each other with the output terminal of output current controller; The input end of output current controller links to each other with the Current Control port of single-chip microcomputer (or DSP); Single-chip microcomputer (or DSP) is provided with the RS232 interface, and the demonstration output port on the single-chip microcomputer (or DSP) links to each other with LCD; The circuit control end of wideband laser instrument links to each other with an output port of single-chip microcomputer (or DSP); The output terminal of wideband laser instrument by optical fiber through behind the fiber coupler with shell 1 on fibre-optical splice 7 link to each other; The another port of fiber coupler links to each other with the input end of fiber grating demodulation device; The output terminal of fiber grating demodulation device links to each other with the input end of prime amplifier; The output terminal of prime amplifier links to each other with the input end of AD converter, and the output terminal of AD converter links to each other with an input port of single-chip microcomputer (or DSP).
The displacement measurement of acceleration transducer is realized through semi-girder and optical fiber.Adopt four elastic cantilevers to support a cylindrical shape and detect mass, it can be moved along the cylinder axis easy on and off, four elastic cantilevers play four soft spring actions, and they detect mass with cylindrical shape and constitute a spring oscillator system together; The outside of detecting mass in cylindrical shape is wound with multiturn magnetically-actuated coil, and cylindrical shape detects mass and the magnetically-actuated coil is placed in the uniform magnetic field by the permanent magnet generation together.Fix on the appropriate location on the surface of an elastic cantilever therein and paste a Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG); A branch of wideband laser injects from the input end of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, and forms a specific wavelength (being called centre wavelength) reflection of light at the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG place.When the magnetic shell (framework) of sensor and cylindrical permanent magnet during together with measured object of which movement, because the vibration isolation effect of inertia and four elastic cantilevers 9, cylindrical shape detects mass 3 and keeps static to external world; At this moment; Crooked deformation will take place in elastic cantilever 9; Be cemented in will the receiving stretchings (or compression) and producing strain of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG on elastic cantilever 9 surface, cause its grating constant to change, inject the centre wavelength of laser after the fiber grating reflection and produce and drift about thereby make.Because cylindrical shape detects the end that mass 3 is fixed on semi-girder; The strain of its Fiber Bragg Grating FBG location for paste on vertical direction displacement and semi-girder has definite relation; Because secure bond, the strain facies of semi-girder and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are together, therefore; Through calibration, catoptrical centre wavelength drift value and cylindrical shape detect between mass 3 displacements has one-to-one relationship.The cylindrical shape that just can obtain the drift value that adopts fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to measure reflector laser centre wavelength detects the displacement of mass 3 with respect to shell (sensor frame) 1.
Secondly; Size and Orientation according to relative shift; Single-chip microcomputer or DSP analyze automatically and calculate, and through output current controller and feedback current driver, produce a suitable feedback current; Send into magnetically-actuated coil 4 through feedback current input port 10; Produce one and detect the magnetic force of mass 3 reverse movement, and let size and the cylindrical shape of magnetic force detect the inertial force that mass 3 receives to equate that maintenance cylindrical shape detection mass 3 and shell (sensor frame) are static relatively between 1 with cylindrical shape.Through measuring the feedback current size, can obtain cylindrical shape indirectly and detect the stressed of mass, thereby obtain the acceleration of object (being fixed on the sensor frame) motion.
Acceleration for the Measuring Object motion; Can be fixed on the object by degree of will speed up sensor, with moving object as reference system (noninertial system), by the law of inertia; Sensor frame is exactly the acceleration of object of which movement with respect to the acceleration that detects mass; At this moment, mass receive one with object (sensor frame) the inertial force effect that direction of motion is opposite, it is big or small is directly proportional with the object of which movement acceleration, measure the acceleration that inertial force can obtain object of which movement.The present invention adopts the method for servo control technique and dynamic balance to obtain the suffered inertial force of object; Promptly through above-mentioned Fiber Bragg Grating FBG displacement measuring device; Obtain to detect the displacement of mass in real time with respect to sensor frame, then, through a series of signal Processing and automatic control circuit; Load a feedback current in the coil that is wrapped on the mass; Form one with inertial force equal and opposite in direction, magnetic force in the opposite direction, make mass under the effect of inertial force and magnetic force, keep balance, promptly keep static relatively between mass and the sensor frame; The magnetic force size and Orientation that mass receives is by the feedback current decision, through just can obtain being fixed in the acceleration of object of which movement on the sensor frame to the measurement of feedback current.
The relative displacement of adopting the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG displacement measuring device to measure mass in real time, and through measuring the acceleration that feedback current obtains object of which movement, this makes this acceleration transducer have good linearty and very high sensitivity.The application of servo control technique and the dynamic balance method piece of ensuring the quality of products remains static basically, thereby guarantees that this acceleration transducer has good low frequency characteristic and very wide frequency band range.
Claims (2)
1. servo-type Fiber Bragg Grating FBG acceleration transducer is characterized in that: its involving vibrations displacement transducer and servo feed back control system; The vibration displacement sensor comprises that shell (1), cylindrical shape detect mass (3), optical fiber (6), fibre-optical splice (7), Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (8), elastic cantilever (9);
Servo feed back control system comprises cylindrical permanent magnet (2), magnetically-actuated coil (4), permanent magnet is adjusted bolt (5), gone up permanent magnet adjustment bolt (11) down;
Shell (1) is processed by soft magnetic material, and cylindrical shape detects mass (3) and is enclosed within outside the cylindrical permanent magnet (2), and cylindrical permanent magnet (2) and cylindrical shape detect mass (3) and be positioned at shell (1); The upper end of following permanent magnet adjustment bolt (5) screws in the threaded hole of cylindrical permanent magnet (2) lower end after passing the following bolt hole on the shell (1); The bottom of last permanent magnet adjustment bolt (11) screws in the threaded hole of cylindrical permanent magnet (2) upper end after passing the upper bolt hole on the shell (1), and cylindrical shape detects mass (3) and is fixed on the shell (1) by elastic cantilever (9); The outside that cylindrical shape detects mass is wound with multiturn magnetically-actuated coil (4), and the two ends of magnetically-actuated coil link to each other with feedback current input port (10) on being located at shell (1); The surface of elastic cantilever (9) is pasted with a Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (8) securely, and an end of optical fiber (6) links to each other with fibre-optical splice (7) on being arranged on shell (1), and the other end of optical fiber (6) links to each other with the input end of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (8);
Through loading feedback current in the magnetically-actuated coil, make mass under the effect of inertial force and magnetic force, keep balance, through measuring of feedback current being fixed in the acceleration of object of which movement on the sensor outer housing.
2. servo-type Fiber Bragg Grating FBG acceleration transducer according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the number of said elastic cantilever (9) is four; Corresponding respectively left upper end, upper right side, left lower end, the bottom righthand side with cylindrical shape detection mass (3) of four elastic cantilevers (9) links to each other, and four elastic cantilevers (9) are positioned at same vertical plane.
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| CN103267566B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2015-10-28 | 山东大学 | A kind of piston type optical fibre grating vibration transducer |
| CN103823080B (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-09-02 | 西安石油大学 | A kind of temperature-insensitive optical fiber optical grating acceleration transducer |
| CN104111056B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-05-10 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Assistance device and method for detecting flatness of vehicle door by adjusting magnets |
| CN106441558B (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2018-02-16 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of intensity of illumination measurement apparatus based on fiber grating sensing technology |
| CN106908624A (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-30 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of acceleration sensitive device and accelerometer |
| CN109974833A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-05 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | Quasi-distributed underground explosion earthquake motion measuring system based on fiber grating sensing technology |
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| CN111721970B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2022-03-18 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Capacitive acceleration sensor, control method and control device thereof, and electronic equipment |
| CN112253106B (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-10-26 | 河南理工大学 | Be used for coal-winning machine cylinder fiber grating intelligent recognition coal petrography device |
| CN113504736B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2023-06-02 | 清华大学 | Large flexible aircraft load shedding control experiment system and method |
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| US4914263A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-04-03 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Magnetically-damped, testable accelerometer |
| GB2386687A (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2003-09-24 | Qinetiq Ltd | Accelerometer vibration sensor having a flexural casing and an attached mass |
| CN2646725Y (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2004-10-06 | 西安森舍电子科技有限责任公司 | Eddy-flow acceleration geophone |
| CN2710001Y (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2005-07-13 | 万季梅 | Force balance accelerometer |
| CN101285845B (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Cantilever beam type optical fibre grating accelerometer |
| CN101441104A (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-27 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Electromagnetic damping optical fiber vibration sensor |
| CN101419243B (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2012-11-28 | 中国地震局工程力学研究所 | Isotropy equilibrium acceleration sensor |
| CN101806919A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2010-08-18 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Probe structure of optical fiber Bragg grating seismic detector |
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