CN109374498B - Single-crack rock mass seepage stress coupling system and method - Google Patents
Single-crack rock mass seepage stress coupling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seepage stress coupling system and a method for a single-crack rock body, which comprises a coupling device and a seepage measuring device, wherein the coupling device comprises a base for placing a crack rock test piece; the seepage flow measuring device is sleeved on the outer sides of the base and the fractured rock test piece, a symmetrical structure is adopted, two sides of the seepage flow measuring device are respectively connected with the water outlet tank through the water outlet channel, the water outlet of the water outlet channel and the fractures of the fractured rock test piece are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the water outlet is provided with a flow velocity sensor, one end of the flow velocity sensor is connected with the cylinder wall of the seepage flow measuring device, the other end of the flow velocity sensor is connected with the water outlet channel, and the water outlet channel is further connected with a. The invention can measure the seepage quantity and the flow velocity at the boundary of the fractured rock mass, and obtain the relationship between the seepage quantity and the normal stress and the relationship between the water head pressure and the water flow velocity; and the seepage stress coupling experiment of the fractured rock under the condition of mutual coupling of different normal stresses and osmotic pressures is completed, the operation of the experimental process is simple, and the result is reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rock mass mechanics experiment system, in particular to a single-crack rock mass seepage stress coupling system and a single-crack rock mass seepage stress coupling method.
Background
In underground engineering, rock mass is not only affected by upper load to generate a stress field, but also affected by an underground water seepage field, and underground water flows in rock mass cracks to generate pore water pressure, so that the stress field of the rock mass is changed, a rock framework and rock mass cracks are deformed, the porosity and the crack width are changed, the change of the seepage field is further affected, and the mechanism of seepage stress coupling of the fractured rock mass is the mechanism.
The experimental study of fracture seepage and stress is a fundamental subject about the seepage and stress coupling analysis of fractured rock mass, and the purpose of the experimental study is to explore the coupling mechanism of fracture seepage and stress so as to establish a mathematical expression of the fracture seepage and stress coupling relation.
The existing coupling experiment devices mostly take shear stress coupling as a main part, for example, the granted publication number is CN106018748B ' a single-gap rock mass flow-solid coupling experiment system and experiment ' and CN104316447A ' a system and method for testing the stress and seepage coupling of the fractured rock mass, the gap width change caused by the normal stress action is not considered, and the used experiment method does not obtain the relation between the seepage quantity and the stress change.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a single-crack rock mass seepage stress coupling system and method capable of obtaining the relation between seepage and normal stress.
The technical scheme is as follows: the device comprises a coupling device and a seepage measuring device, wherein the coupling device comprises a base for placing a fractured rock test piece, the seepage measuring device is sleeved outside the base and the fractured rock test piece, the seepage measuring device adopts a symmetrical structure, two sides of the seepage measuring device are respectively connected with a water outlet tank through water outlet channels, a water outlet of each water outlet channel and a fracture of the fractured rock test piece are positioned on the same horizontal plane, a flow velocity sensor is arranged at each water outlet, one end of each flow velocity sensor is connected with the cylinder wall of the seepage measuring device, the other end of each flow velocity sensor is connected with the water outlet channel, and a water flow measuring instrument is further connected to each water outlet channel.
The flow velocity sensor is connected with the flow velocity measuring instrument through a lead, and the flow velocity of the fractured rock test piece at the fracture water outlet can be measured through the flow velocity measuring instrument.
The piston is arranged on the water outlet tank, the water outlet valve is arranged at the bottom of the water outlet tank, and the piston can keep the air pressure in the water outlet tank consistent with the external air pressure.
A gap is reserved between the seepage measurement device and the fractured rock test piece, the test piece is prevented from being broken due to too large stress in the loading process, and therefore the device is damaged.
The base be the type of protruding, inside is equipped with inhalant canal, inhalant canal's water inlet is connected with the case of intaking through suppressing the device, the delivery port aligns with the central orifice of fissure rock test piece.
The pressure measuring instrument is installed on the pressurizing device, the inflow flow measuring instrument is connected to one side, close to the base, of the pressurizing device, and the inflow flow measuring instrument adopts an electronic reading type sensor and can accurately measure inflow flow.
The top of the fractured rock test piece is provided with an upper pressure plate which is of a T-shaped structure, and the convex part of the upper pressure plate is positioned in the seepage measuring device and is in seamless contact with the inner wall of the seepage measuring device.
The top of the upper pressure plate is connected with a pressure servo, the pressure servo can pressurize the crack test piece through the upper pressure plate, and the magnitude of a pressure loading value can be directly read.
The inner diameter of the cylinder wall of the seepage measuring device is equal to the outer diameters of the upper pressure plate and the protruding part of the base.
The method for coupling the seepage stress of the single-crack rock body based on the claims 1-9 comprises the following steps:
(1) processing a fractured rock test piece, and installing a seepage stress coupling system;
(2) opening the pressurizing device and applying a certain water pressure to ensure that the system and the water path are well sealed, so that the rock test piece is injected with water to fill the cracks and infiltrate rock mass around the cracks;
(3) starting a pressure servo, and pressurizing step by step from 0MPa to apply positive stress to the fractured rock test piece;
(4) applying osmotic pressure in a gradient manner, developing fracture seepage tests under different hydraulic gradients, and acquiring data for processing after the osmotic pressure of each stage is stable;
(5) repeating the steps (3) and (4), and carrying out axial pressure loading normal stress and fluid permeation pressure values of the next-stage set value;
(6) and drawing corresponding seepage flow and stress curve hydraulic gradient and water flow velocity curve according to the recorded normal stress value of each stage and the corresponding flow value and flow velocity value, and finishing the test.
Has the advantages that: the seepage measuring device designed by the invention can measure the magnitude of seepage, and can also measure the fractured rock mass boundary, namely the flow velocity at the outer diameter of the fractured test piece, so as to obtain the relationship between seepage and normal stress and the relationship between water head pressure and water flow velocity; and the seepage stress coupling experiment of the fractured rock under the condition of mutual coupling of different normal stresses and osmotic pressures is completed, the operation of the experimental process is simple, and the result is reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a coupling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a seepage measurement apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a fractured rock test piece of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention includes an upper pressure plate 1, a seepage measurement device 2, a fractured rock test piece 3, a gasket 4, a base 5, a water inlet passage 6, a water inlet flow meter 7, a pressure measurement instrument 8, a pressurizing device 9, a water inlet tank 10 and a pressure servo 11.
The coupling device shown in fig. 2 comprises a base 5 for placing a fractured rock test piece 3, wherein the base 5 is arranged on a test bed, the cross section of the base 5 is convex, the outer diameter of the convex part of the base is phi 220mm, and an L-shaped water inlet channel 6 is arranged in the center of the inner part of the base. The water inlet of the water inlet channel 6 is connected with the water inlet tank 10 through the pressurizing device 9, the pressurizing device 9 is provided with the pressure measuring instrument 8, one side of the pressurizing device 9, which is close to the base 5, is also connected with the water inlet flow measuring instrument 7, the water inlet flow measuring instrument 7 adopts an electronic reading type sensor, the water inlet flow can be accurately measured, and the precision is 0.01cm3(ii) a The water outlet is connected with the central hole 32 of the fractured rock test piece 3, and the width of the water inlet channel 6 is equal to that of the central hole 32 and is aligned with the central hole 32.
A fractured rock test piece 3 is placed above the base 5, the fractured rock test piece 3 comprises a natural transverse fracture 31 and a center hole 32 drilled by an artificial drill in the vertical direction, and the height of the center hole 32 is higher than that of the fracture 31, as shown in fig. 4. The outer diameter of the fractured rock test piece 3 is phi 200mm, the height of the fractured rock test piece is 400mm, the diameter of the central hole 32 is phi 40-50 mm, and the central hole 32 is aligned with the water inlet channel 6 in the base 5.
Fig. 3 shows a seepage measurement apparatus 2 of the present invention, which includes a flow rate measuring instrument 21, a wire 22, a flow rate sensor 23, an outlet flow rate measuring instrument 24, a piston 25, an outlet tank 26, an outlet channel 27, and an outlet valve 28. The seepage measuring device 2 is of a symmetrical structure and is sleeved outside the base 5 and the fractured rock test piece 3, the inner diameter of the seepage measuring device is phi 220mm, the seepage measuring device is exactly assembled with the protruding part of the base 5 in a seamless mode, 10mm gaps are reserved between the seepage measuring device 2 and the fractured rock test piece 3 respectively, and therefore 10mm buffer spaces are reserved between the fractured rock test piece 3 and the seepage measuring device in order to avoid breaking caused by too large stress in the test piece loading process and damage influence on the device. Be equipped with rubber packing ring 4 in this buffer space, its upper surface is located same horizontal plane with the crack 31 of crack rock test piece 3, and rubber packing ring 4 can fix crack rock test piece 3 on the one hand, and on the other hand can prevent that water storage from in the clearance between crack rock test piece 3 and seepage flow measuring device 2.
The two sides of the seepage measuring device 2 are respectively connected with a water outlet tank 26 through water outlet channels 27, the water outlet channels 27 are L-shaped, the horizontal channels of the L-shaped water outlet channels 27 and the cracks 31 of the cracked rock test piece 3 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, a flow velocity sensor 23 is arranged at the water outlet, one end of the flow velocity sensor 23 is tightly connected with the cylinder wall of the seepage measuring device 2 through threads, and the other end of the flow velocity sensor 23 is tightly connected with the water outlet channels 27 through threads. The flow velocity sensor 23 is connected with the flow velocity measuring instrument 21 through a lead 22, and the flow velocity of the fractured rock test piece 3 at the water outlet of the fracture 31 can be measured through the flow velocity measuring instrument 21. The water outlet channel 27 is also connected with a water outlet flow measuring instrument 24, the type of which is consistent with that of the water inlet flow measuring instrument 7, and the measuring precision is consistent. The outlet tank 26 is provided with a piston 25 so as to keep the air pressure in the outlet tank 26 consistent with the air pressure outside, and the bottom of the outlet tank 26 is provided with an outlet valve 28.
As shown in figure 1, the top of a fractured rock test piece 3 is provided with an upper pressure plate 1 which is in close contact with the test piece, the upper pressure plate 1 is in a T-shaped structure, the outer diameter of the convex part of the upper pressure plate is phi 220mm, and the upper pressure plate is positioned in a seepage measuring device 2 and is in seamless contact with the inner wall of the seepage measuring device 2. The top of the upper pressure plate 1 is connected with a pressure servo 11, the pressure servo 11 can pressurize the fractured rock test piece 3 through the upper pressure plate 1 and can directly read the value of pressure loading, the precision is 1Pa, and the other end of the pressure servo 11 is placed on a test bed.
The invention discloses a method for a seepage stress coupling system of a single-crack rock mass, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparation work: processing the fractured rock test piece shown in the figure 4, and installing a seepage stress coupling system according to the figure 1;
(2) testing the system and enabling the fracture test piece to reach a saturated state: opening the pressurizing device and applying a certain water pressure to ensure that the system and the water path are well sealed, so that the rock test piece is injected with water to fill the cracks and infiltrate rock mass around the cracks;
(3) mechanical loading: starting a pressure servo, and gradually pressurizing by taking 0.5MPa as a gradient from 0MPa to apply positive stress to the fractured rock test piece;
(4) fluid permeation: applying osmotic pressure in a gradient manner, carrying out fracture seepage tests under different hydraulic gradients, acquiring data for processing after the osmotic pressure of each stage is stable, reading a water flow measuring instrument value Q, recording a hydraulic pressure value i through a pressure measuring instrument, recording a flow velocity value v of a flow velocity measuring instrument, and recording a positive stress sigma through a pressure servo;
(5) repeating the steps (3) and (4), and carrying out axial pressure loading positive stress sigma and fluid osmotic pressure value i of the next-stage set value;
(6) data acquisition: and drawing a corresponding seepage Q and normal stress sigma curve according to the recorded normal stress value of each stage and the corresponding flow value and flow velocity value, and recording a water head pressure value i and a velocity v curve by a pressure measuring instrument to finish the test.
Claims (7)
1. A method for a single-crack rock mass seepage stress coupling system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) a single-crack rock seepage stress coupling system is constructed and comprises a coupling device and a seepage measurement device (2), wherein the coupling device comprises a base (5) for placing a fractured rock test piece (3), the fractured rock test piece comprises a crack and a central hole, the height of the central hole is higher than that of the crack, the seepage measurement device (2) is sleeved on the outer sides of the base (5) and the fractured rock test piece (3), a gap is reserved between the seepage measurement device (2) and the fractured rock test piece (3), a gasket (4) is arranged in the gap, the upper surface of the gasket and the crack (31) of the fractured rock test piece (3) are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the seepage measurement device (2) adopts a symmetrical structure, the two sides of the seepage measurement device are respectively connected with a water outlet tank (26) through water outlet channels (27), the horizontal channels of the water outlet channels (27) and the crack (31) of the fractured rock test piece (3) are positioned on the same horizontal plane, a flow velocity sensor (23) is arranged at the water outlet, one end of the flow velocity sensor (23) is connected with the cylinder wall of the seepage measuring device (2), the other end of the flow velocity sensor is connected with a water outlet channel (27), the water outlet channel (27) is also connected with a water outlet flow measuring instrument (24), a water inlet channel (6) is arranged in the base (5), a water inlet of the water inlet channel (6) is connected with a water inlet box (10) through a pressurizing device (9), a water outlet is aligned with a central hole (32) of the fractured rock test piece (3), the pressurizing device (9) is provided with a pressure measuring instrument (8), one side of the pressurizing device (9) close to the base (5) is also connected with a water inlet flow measuring instrument (7), the top of the fractured rock test piece (3) is provided with an upper pressure plate (1), and the convex part of the pressurizing device is positioned in the seepage measuring device (2), the top of the upper pressure plate (1) is connected with a pressure servo (11);
2) processing a fractured rock test piece, and installing a seepage stress coupling system;
3) opening the pressurizing device and applying a certain water pressure to ensure that the system and the water path are well sealed, so that the rock test piece is injected with water to fill the cracks and infiltrate rock mass around the cracks;
4) starting a pressure servo, and pressurizing step by step from 0MPa to apply positive stress to the fractured rock test piece;
5) applying osmotic pressure in a gradient manner, developing fracture seepage tests under different hydraulic gradients, and acquiring data for processing after the osmotic pressure of each stage is stable;
6) repeating the steps 4) and 5), and carrying out axial pressure loading normal stress and fluid permeation pressure value of the next-stage set value;
7) and drawing corresponding seepage flow and stress curve hydraulic gradient and water flow velocity curve according to the recorded normal stress value of each stage and the corresponding flow value and flow velocity value, and finishing the test.
2. The method of the coupling system of the seepage stress of the single-crack rock body according to the claim 1, characterized in that the flow velocity sensor (23) is connected with the flow velocity measuring instrument (21) through a lead (22).
3. The method for coupling the seepage stress of the single-crack rock body according to the claim 1, wherein the water outlet tank (26) is provided with a piston (25), and the bottom of the water outlet tank (26) is provided with a water outlet valve (28).
4. The method of a single-crack rock mass seepage stress coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasket (4) is a rubber gasket.
5. The method of a single-crack rock mass seepage stress coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (5) is convex.
6. The method of a single-crack rock mass seepage stress coupling system of claim 1, wherein the upper pressure plate (1) is of a T-shaped structure.
7. The method for coupling the seepage stress of the single-crack rock body according to the claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the cylinder wall of the seepage measurement device (2) is equal to the outer diameters of the protruding parts of the upper pressure plate (1) and the base (5).
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| CN110160936A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-23 | 四川大学 | Complexity based on 3D printing divides shape crack multiple coupling seepage flow experiment system and method |
| CN110296927A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-01 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of rock fracture permeability test device and method applying unidirectional confining pressure |
| CN110672488A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-10 | 太原理工大学 | Experimental device for influence of seepage pressure on rock-soil strength and ground stress on rock-soil permeability |
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