CN105403498A - Rock filled fracture permeability test method and apparatus considering multi-factor affect - Google Patents
Rock filled fracture permeability test method and apparatus considering multi-factor affect Download PDFInfo
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- CN105403498A CN105403498A CN201510965164.2A CN201510965164A CN105403498A CN 105403498 A CN105403498 A CN 105403498A CN 201510965164 A CN201510965164 A CN 201510965164A CN 105403498 A CN105403498 A CN 105403498A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
Abstract
A rock filled fracture permeability test method considering multi-factor affect belongs to the rock filled fracture permeability test method and apparatus. The method is as below: preparing a of standard sample containing prefabricated axially-through filled fractures, wherein the geometry parameters and filling cementation features of the fracture can be adjusted. The apparatus includes a fracture normal constraint board, a rigid connecting rod and a nut. A tape and a heat shrink tubing are used to seal the an upper pressure head, a filling cracks and a porous disc and the samples containing filled fractures; the upper pressure head is provided with a side outlet; the sealed sample is entirely placed into a fracture normal compression loading device, a torque wrench is used for loading and fixing, and the torque value is changed to adjust the compactness of the filler; and a fracture seepage test is conducted on a test machine, the piston speed is selected, the amount of water outlet is recorded, and a steady-state method equation is used to calculate the permeability. The apparatus has the characteristics of simple structure, easy operation, low cost and high accuracy, and has broad application prospects in the research of rock filled fracture seepage test.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rock fill crack permeability method of testing and device, particularly relate to a kind of rock fill crack permeability method of testing and the device of considering multifactor impact.
Background technology
Rock is the base substance of composition crustal structure, and be the Nature product that experienced by very long geologic history, there are the structural defects such as many microfissures, joint, tomography natural rock inside.Rock cranny occurrence form is changeable, and Filling Cementation and geometric shape feature complexity, make the seepage flow different in kind of rock mass in pellet pores media such as the soil bodys, have its complicacy and singularity.Structural plane is rock mass groundwater seepage, prominent better channels of gushing, and can cause engineering surrounding rock unstable failure time serious, and therefore, rock fracture percolation law is the heat subject of International Rock mechanics circle research all the time.
Darcy's law discloses the linear relationship under laminar flow condition in the soil body (pellet pores medium) between percolation flow velocity and hydraulic gradient, and its expression formula is: v=ki.In formula: v is percolation flow velocity; K is medium osmosis coefficient; I is hydraulic gradient.The principal element affecting soil body osmotic coefficient has granulometric composition, packing (no-Co-alloy steel) or void ratio (cohesive soil).
Smooth parallel plate model of fissuration thinks that crack is smooth by two panels, straight, the parallel-plate of endless is formed, be incompressible, stickiness and current by fluid be the supposition of laminar flow, the current formula Q=γ b in parallel-plate crack can be derived according to principles of fluid mechanics
3i/12 η, i.e. cubic law, wherein, γ, η are respectively severe and the kinetic viscosity of fluid, and b is fracture opening.Now, the infiltration coefficient in single rock crack can be expressed as k=γ b
2/ 12 η, affect crack geometric shape parameter mainly equivalent aperture and the roughness of its numerical values recited.
The strong Rock mass stress redistribution that ending constructs causes will bring out non-water guide filling structural plane distortion activation, change its aperture, roughness and stuff granulometric composition, packing, it is caused to change groundwater seepage, prominent better channels of gushing into, even cause engineering surrounding rock unstable failure time serious, develop into gushing water and to dash forward the Important Project such as mud, collapse and cave-in disaster.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of rock fill crack permeability method of testing and the device of considering multifactor impact, solve Chinese scholars when studying crack rock hydraulic properties, only consider the permeability in the single straight smooth situation test crack without during filling, then carry out suitably revising the problem obtaining crack permeability according to the connectedness in crack, roughness, filling and stress state situation.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: rock fill crack permeability method of testing, and first preparation runs through key rock or the analog material sample of filling fracture containing prefabricated axis; Adopt adhesive tape and heat-shrink tube to upper and lower pressure head, porous disc and seal containing filling fracture sample, the sample entirety of good seal is put into described crack normal direction compression-loaded device, and it being fixing to utilize dial torque wrench to carry out loading; Utilize MTS testing machine and crack normal direction compression-loaded device to test, selected piston travelling speed also records aquifer yield, utilize steady state method formula to calculate permeability, comprising: the rock fill crack permeability of crack occurrence, aperture, roughness and stuff granulometric composition, packing multifactor impact.
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) preparation runs through key rock or the analog material sample in crack containing single prefabricated axis, and the mark length of described crack on sample transversal section, crack occurrence, aperture and roughness can regulate; Described analog material is sand-cement slurry or resin;
(2) prepare the stuff of specified particle size composition, and fill up described crack by certain packing; Described stuff are sand or silt; The maximum particle diameter d of described specified particle size
max≤ 1.0mm; Described certain packing is sand relative compaction D
r>=0.30, silt void ratio≤0.92;
(3) sealed containing filling fracture sample described in placement between the Normal Constraint plate circular arc portion of described crack, passed bolt hole corresponding to restraining plate with described rigid connecting rod, outside restraining plate, be inserted in rigid connecting rod with described nut be fixed;
(4) dial torque wrench is utilized to apply moment of torsion to the nut on the normal direction compression-loaded device of described crack, the stress of described filling fracture, aperture and stuff packing can be changed, can to be converted the radial pressure showing that described sample is subject to by torque value, and utilize the deflection of vernier caliper measurement cracks aperture;
(5) by described crack normal direction compression-loaded device be describedly placed on MTS815/816 electro-hydraulic servo testing machine carry out seepage tests containing prefabricated filling fracture sample entirety, before on-test, apply certain xial feed and fix sample; Described certain xial feed is 1.0 ~ 2.0KN;
(6) selected rational piston travelling speed, convert and obtain corresponding percolation flow velocity and Seepage flow time, described piston travelling speed is 0.1 ~ 0.7mms
-1, utilize steady state method to test the Penetration Signature at filling joint, current, by behind filling joint and upper end pressure head, flow out at sidepiece water delivering orifice, and the collection that use measuring cup, balance carry out the water yield and bleed is measured, and utilizes steady state method formula to calculate permeability; Concrete formula is: k
f=Q
fη L/A Δ P, in formula, k
ffor permeability, mm
2; Q
ffor unit time seepage flow, mm
3s
-1; η is kinetic viscosity, MPas; L is specimen height, mm; A is specimen cross section area, mm
2; Δ P is sample two ends osmotic pressure difference, MPa;
(7) described nut torque value, crack occurrence, aperture, roughness and stuff granulometric composition factor are adjusted, obtain the filling joint permeance property under Different factor impact.
Implement the special purpose device of rock fill crack permeability method of testing, comprising: crack Normal Constraint plate, nut, rigid connecting rod, PVC tape and heat-shrink tube, upper porous disc, seaming chuck, water delivering orifice, lower porous disc, push-down head, water inlet; Crack Normal Constraint plate has two pieces, arc section is all had to facilitate and standard sample close contact at the middle part of two blocks of crack Normal Constraint plates 2, be designed with bolt hole in four bights of two blocks of crack Normal Constraint plates, rigid connecting rod, through bolt hole, is connected by nut; The standard sample containing prefabricated filling fracture is placed between two blocks of crack Normal Constraint plates; Porous disc, seaming chuck on the upper end of standard sample has been linked in sequence, seaming chuck has water delivering orifice; Be linked in sequence in the lower end of standard sample lower porous disc, push-down head, and push-down head has water inlet; PVC tape and heat-shrink tube is had at upper porous disc, seaming chuck, the standard sample containing prefabricated filling fracture, lower porous disc and push-down head external seal.
Beneficial effect, owing to have employed such scheme, it is long that the present invention can change the mark of crack on transversal section, occurrence, aperture, roughness and stuff granulometric composition, packing, suffered stress states etc. are because usually testing its permeability, solve in the past Chinese scholars study crack rock hydraulic properties time, above-mentioned factors can not all be considered, and only consider the single straight smooth permeability without situation test crack during filling, then according to the connectedness in crack, roughness, the situation such as filling and stress state carries out suitably revising obtaining crack this problem of permeability, realization can consider the single crack permeability testing experiment of the factors such as crack geometric shape parameter and Filling Cementation feature, obtain the filling joint permeance property under Different factor impact, for the theoretical analysis of rock mass hydraulics and engineer applied provide basic test data supporting.The present invention has simple structure, easy and simple to handle, with low cost, degree of accuracy high, has broad application prospects in the experimental study of rock fill fracture seepage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is crack of the present invention normal direction compression-loaded device schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the horizontal projection of crack of the present invention normal direction compression-loaded device.
Fig. 3 is seepage tests schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is permeability of the present invention and geometric mean diameter graph of relation.
Fig. 5 is permeability of the present invention and joint aperture graph of relation.
In figure, 1, standard sample containing prefabricated filling fracture; 2, crack Normal Constraint plate; 3, nut; 4, rigid connecting rod; 5, PVC tape and heat-shrink tube; 6, upper porous disc; 7, seaming chuck; 8, water delivering orifice; 9, lower porous disc; 10, push-down head; 11, water inlet; 12, bearing plate on testing machine; 13, bearing plate under testing machine.
Embodiment
Rock fill crack permeability method of testing, utilizes MTS testing machine and crack normal direction compression-loaded device to test, comprising: the rock fill crack permeability of fracture opening, roughness and stuff granulometric composition, packing multifactor impact.
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) preparation runs through key rock or the analog material sample in crack containing single prefabricated axis, and the mark of described crack on sample transversal section long (can run through), crack occurrence, aperture and roughness can regulate; Described analog material is sand-cement slurry or resin;
(2) prepare the stuff of specified particle size composition, and fill up described crack by certain packing; Described stuff are sand or silt; The maximum particle diameter d of described specified particle size
max≤ 1.0mm; Described certain packing is sand relative compaction D
r>=0.30, silt void ratio≤0.92;
(3) sealed containing filling fracture sample described in placement between the Normal Constraint plate circular arc portion of described crack, passed bolt hole corresponding to restraining plate with described rigid connecting rod, outside restraining plate, be inserted in rigid connecting rod with described nut be fixed;
(4) dial torque wrench is utilized to apply moment of torsion to the nut on the normal direction compression-loaded device of described crack, the stress of described filling fracture, aperture and stuff packing can be changed, can to be converted the radial pressure showing that described sample is subject to by torque value, and utilize the deflection of vernier caliper measurement cracks aperture;
(5) by described crack normal direction compression-loaded device be describedly placed on MTS815/816 electro-hydraulic servo testing machine carry out seepage tests containing prefabricated filling fracture sample entirety, before on-test, apply certain xial feed and fix sample; Described certain xial feed is 1.0 ~ 2.0KN;
(6) selected rational piston travelling speed, convert and obtain corresponding percolation flow velocity and Seepage flow time, described piston travelling speed is 0.1 ~ 0.7mms
-1, utilize steady state method to test the Penetration Signature at filling joint, current, by behind filling joint and upper end pressure head, flow out at sidepiece water delivering orifice, and the collection that use measuring cup, balance carry out the water yield and bleed is measured, and utilizes steady state method formula to calculate permeability; Concrete formula is: k
f=Q
fη L/A Δ P, in formula, k
ffor permeability, mm
2; Q
ffor unit time seepage flow, mm
3s
-1; η is kinetic viscosity, MPas; L is specimen height, mm; A is specimen cross section area, mm
2; Δ P is sample two ends osmotic pressure difference, MPa;
(7) described nut torque value, crack occurrence, aperture, roughness and stuff granulometric composition factor are adjusted, obtain the filling joint permeance property under Different factor impact, for next step theoretical analysis or numerical simulation provide the support of basic test data.
Implement the special purpose device of rock fill crack permeability method of testing, comprising: crack Normal Constraint plate 2, nut 3, rigid connecting rod 4, PVC tape and heat-shrink tube 5, upper porous disc 6, seaming chuck 7, water delivering orifice 8, lower porous disc 9, push-down head 10, water inlet 11; Crack Normal Constraint plate 2 has two pieces, arc section is all had to facilitate and standard sample close contact at the middle part of two blocks of crack Normal Constraint plates 2, be designed with bolt hole in four bights of two blocks of crack Normal Constraint plates 2, rigid connecting rod 4, through bolt hole, is connected by nut 3; The standard sample containing prefabricated filling fracture is placed with between two blocks of crack Normal Constraint plates 2; On the upper end of standard sample has been linked in sequence, porous disc 6, seaming chuck 7, seaming chuck 7 has water delivering orifice 8; Be linked in sequence in the lower end of standard sample lower porous disc 9, push-down head 10, and push-down head 10 has water inlet 11; PVC tape and heat-shrink tube 5 is had at upper porous disc 6, seaming chuck 7, standard sample, lower porous disc 9 and push-down head 10 external seal containing prefabricated filling fracture.
Described crack Normal Constraint plate 2 is two block plates with enough rigidity, for arc section is to facilitate and standard sample close contact in the middle part of every block plate transversal section; It is for preventing stuff loss Particle Blocking testing machine water pipeline in seepage tests that described water delivering orifice 8 is arranged in seaming chuck sidepiece; Adopt PVC tape to be connected containing prefabricated filling fracture sample, to wrap up and to seal upper and lower pressure head, porous disc with described with heat-shrink tube, prevent pore water from flowing along specimen surface.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
(1) with sand-cement slurry preparation containing the standard sample axially running through crack, the crack plane of flattening and the mistake center of circle vertical with transversal section, the long 40mm of the mark on transversal section, roughness JRC=2, aperture is respectively 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm.
(2) employing carries out filling as stuff to sample joint through screening natural river sand, river sand geometric mean diameter is respectively 0.14mm, 0.24mm, 0.35mm, 0.45mm and 0.55mm, in order in Control Assay joint, filling environment is substantially identical, adopt 200g counterweight to carry out compacting, make stuff compactness substantially identical.
(3) the normal direction compression-loaded of crack shown in Fig. 1 device, comprises the standard sample 1 containing prefabricated filling fracture, crack Normal Constraint plate 2, nut 3, rigid connecting rod 4.The two ends rectangle part length of described crack Normal Constraint plate is 100mm, and width is 50mm, and thickness is 10mm, and the central angle that circular arc portion is corresponding is 60 °, and radius is 25mm.Four bights of described crack Normal Constraint plate 2 are designed with large bolt hole such as four grades, and diameter is 10mm, and described in the center position of each bolt hole, the end of crack Normal Constraint plate 2 is 25mm.Described four rigid connecting rod 4 length are 100mm, and diameter is respectively 8mm, is each passed through corresponding bolt hole.Described nut 3 is inserted in the two ends of described four rigid connecting rods 4, and tightens with dial torque wrench.
(4) for preventing stuff loss Particle Blocking testing machine water pipeline in seepage tests, manufacturing and designing the seaming chuck with sidepiece water delivering orifice, specifically seeing seaming chuck 7 and water delivering orifice 8 in Fig. 3.
(5) adopt four layers of PVC tape to be connected parcel to upper push-down head, permeable version with sample with three layers of heat-shrink tube, prevent pore water from flowing along specimen surface, specifically see PVC tape and heat-shrink tube 5 in Fig. 3.
(6) above-mentioned sealing is placed between the circular arc portion of crack Normal Constraint plate 2 containing filling fracture sample, with the bolt hole of rigid connecting rod 4 through restraining plate bight, outside restraining plate, is inserted in rigid connecting rod 4 with nut 3 is fixed.
(7) adopt dial torque wrench the nut 3 on the normal direction compression-loaded device of described crack to be applied to the moment of torsion of 5Nm, change stress and the stuff packing of described filling fracture, and utilize the deflection of vernier caliper measurement cracks aperture.
(8) by described crack normal direction compression-loaded device be describedly placed on MTS815.02 electro-hydraulic servo rock mechanical test system carry out seepage tests containing prefabricated filling fracture sample entirety, the xial feed applying 1.5KN is fixed sample.
(9) piston travelling speed selects 0.5mm/s, and corresponding percolation flow velocity is 9.82 × 10
2mm
3/ s, piston effective travel is 85mm, and whole flow event is 170s, and current, by behind joint and upper end pressure head, adopt a beaker to collect water and bleed, then utilize steady state method formula to calculate permeability.Concrete formula is: k
f=Q
fη L/A Δ P, in formula, k
ffor permeability, mm
2; Q
ffor unit time seepage flow, mm
3s
-1; η is kinetic viscosity, MPas; L is specimen height, mm; A is specimen cross section area, mm
2; Δ P is sample two ends osmotic pressure difference, MPa.
(10) permeability obtained according to above-mentioned test condition with stuff geometric mean diameter, joint aperture following Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 of change curve shown in.
Claims (3)
1. can consider a rock fill crack permeability method of testing for multifactor impact, it is characterized in that: rock fill crack permeability method of testing, first preparation runs through key rock or the analog material sample of filling fracture containing prefabricated axis; Adopt adhesive tape and heat-shrink tube to upper and lower pressure head, porous disc and seal containing filling fracture sample, the sample entirety of good seal is put into described crack normal direction compression-loaded device, and it being fixing to utilize dial torque wrench to carry out loading; Utilize MTS testing machine and crack normal direction compression-loaded device to test, selected piston travelling speed also records aquifer yield, utilize steady state method formula to calculate permeability, comprising: the rock fill crack permeability of crack occurrence, aperture, roughness and stuff granulometric composition, packing multifactor impact.
2. the rock fill crack permeability method of testing considering multifactor impact according to claim 1, is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
(1) preparation runs through key rock or the analog material sample in crack containing single prefabricated axis, and the mark length of described crack on sample transversal section, crack occurrence, aperture and roughness can regulate; Described analog material is sand-cement slurry or resin;
(2) prepare the stuff of specified particle size composition, and fill up described crack by certain packing; Described stuff are sand or silt; The maximum particle diameter d of described specified particle size
max≤ 1.0mm; Described certain packing is sand relative compaction D
r>=0.30, silt void ratio≤0.92;
(3) sealed containing filling fracture sample described in placement between the Normal Constraint plate circular arc portion of described crack, passed bolt hole corresponding to restraining plate with described rigid connecting rod, outside restraining plate, be inserted in rigid connecting rod with described nut be fixed;
(4) dial torque wrench is utilized to apply moment of torsion to the nut on the normal direction compression-loaded device of described crack, the stress of described filling fracture, aperture and stuff packing can be changed, can to be converted the radial pressure showing that described sample is subject to by torque value, and utilize the deflection of vernier caliper measurement cracks aperture;
(5) by described crack normal direction compression-loaded device be describedly placed on MTS815/816 electro-hydraulic servo testing machine carry out seepage tests containing prefabricated filling fracture sample entirety, before on-test, apply certain xial feed and fix sample; Described certain xial feed is 1.0 ~ 2.0KN;
(6) selected rational piston travelling speed, convert and obtain corresponding percolation flow velocity and Seepage flow time, described piston travelling speed is 0.1 ~ 0.7mms
-1, utilize steady state method to test the Penetration Signature at filling joint, current, by behind filling joint and upper end pressure head, flow out at sidepiece water delivering orifice, and the collection that use measuring cup, balance carry out the water yield and bleed is measured, and utilizes steady state method formula to calculate permeability; Concrete formula is: k
f=Q
fη L/A Δ P, in formula, k
ffor permeability, mm
2; Q
ffor unit time seepage flow, mm
3s
-1; η is kinetic viscosity, MPas; L is specimen height, mm; A is specimen cross section area, mm
2; Δ P is sample two ends osmotic pressure difference, MPa;
(7) described nut torque value, crack occurrence, aperture, roughness and stuff granulometric composition factor are adjusted, obtain the filling joint permeance property under Different factor impact.
3. implement the claims the special purpose device of the rock fill crack permeability method of testing of the multifactor impact considered described in 1, it is characterized in that: special purpose device comprises: crack Normal Constraint plate, nut, rigid connecting rod, PVC tape and heat-shrink tube, upper porous disc, seaming chuck, water delivering orifice, lower porous disc, push-down head, water inlet; Crack Normal Constraint plate has two pieces, arc section is all had to facilitate and standard sample close contact at the middle part of two blocks of crack Normal Constraint plates, be designed with bolt hole in four bights of two blocks of crack Normal Constraint plates, rigid connecting rod, through bolt hole, is connected by nut; The standard sample containing prefabricated filling fracture is placed between two blocks of crack Normal Constraint plates; Porous disc, seaming chuck on the upper end of standard sample has been linked in sequence, seaming chuck has water delivering orifice; Be linked in sequence in the lower end of standard sample lower porous disc, push-down head, and push-down head has water inlet 11; PVC tape and heat-shrink tube is had at upper porous disc, seaming chuck, the standard sample containing prefabricated filling fracture, lower porous disc and push-down head external seal.
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| CN201510965164.2A CN105403498B (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | It is contemplated that the rock fill crack permeability method of testing and device of multifactor impact |
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| CN106593429A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-04-26 | 西南石油大学 | Test method for compact reservoir volume fracture conductivity |
| CN106611077A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2017-05-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Quantitative processing method of coal rock mass fractures |
| CN106630812A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-05-10 | 绍兴文理学院 | Capillary barrier material for rock mass fracture unsaturated seepage test and manufacturing process |
| CN106771086A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-05-31 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of measurement apparatus and method of the average aperture of natural Loessial Joints |
| CN106908365A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-30 | 华北水利水电大学 | One kind is adopted dynamic circuit breaker and splits rock cranny dynamically closure seepage simulation experimental rig and method |
| CN107356510A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-17 | 山东科技大学 | Simulate face surrounding rock water inrush channel extension evolution pilot system |
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| CN111504872A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-07 | 武汉大学 | Variable-opening detachable simulated crack test device and test method |
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| CN105952445B (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-01-29 | 中南大学 | A kind of boring test method under large ground pressure based on mathematical model |
| CN106611077A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2017-05-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Quantitative processing method of coal rock mass fractures |
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| CN112557135A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-26 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | Preparation and sealing method of rock sample containing cracks for multi-field coupling triaxial test |
| CN112945832A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Tester for capillary effect of powder soil under vibration load effect |
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