CN114152510A - Test device and test method for water-rich broken rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model - Google Patents
Test device and test method for water-rich broken rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
Abstract
The invention provides a test device and a test method for a water-rich broken rock stratum flowing water grouting reinforcement model, which comprises a grouting model system, an underground flowing water supply system, a grouting system, a ground stress loading simulation system, a monitoring system and a standard test piece processing system; the top plate of the grouting model system is provided with a water filling port, and the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the grouting model system are respectively provided with a grouting hole and a grout outlet; the underground flowing water supply system is communicated with the water injection port through a water injection pipe, and the water pressure and the water speed are adjusted in a combined adjusting mode; the grouting system is communicated with the grouting port through a grouting pipe, and the grouting pressure and flow rate are adjusted through a power system; the ground stress loading simulation system carries out stress loading on a top plate of the device; the monitoring system monitors grouting and formation parameters; the standard test piece processing system is used for preparing a reinforced body standard test piece. The method can effectively simulate the complicated dynamic water and ground stress working condition to break the surrounding rock for grouting reinforcement, and can effectively research the reinforcement effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water-flowing grouting reinforcement of water-rich broken surrounding rocks/rock masses in tunnels and underground engineering, in particular to a test device and a test method for a water-rich broken rock stratum water-flowing grouting reinforcement model.
Background
In the underground engineering construction, the water-rich broken surrounding rock is a common unfavorable geological condition, and because the bearing capacity of the water-rich broken rock is weak, the broken rock is a good channel for underground water, the water inrush quantity is large, the impermeability is poor, and the water inrush instability is easy to happen, so that accidents such as scattered body falling, large-area collapse and the like are frequent. At present, a grouting reinforcement method is often adopted to improve the mechanical property of a broken rock mass and meet engineering requirements. The grouting reinforcement method is characterized in that cementing grouting materials are injected into cracks, pores, cavities and confined aquifers of rock-soil bodies through guide pipes or other devices, slurry is subjected to diffusion, hardening, solidification and other processes to fully fill the gaps of the rock-soil bodies so as to reduce the permeability of the rock-soil bodies and form cemented bodies with certain thickness, and at the moment, the strength and the stability of the rock-soil bodies are greatly enhanced, so that the purposes of water plugging, reinforcement, seepage prevention and the like of the rock-soil bodies are achieved. The grouting method has the advantages of good stratum reconstruction effect, low cost, high construction efficiency and the like, and is an important method for reinforcing poor geology of tunnels and underground engineering such as water-rich fractured rock masses and the like at present.
Grouting is a complex system engineering, and the diffusion process and the reinforcing effect of grout in unfavorable geology are the combined effect of three aspects of the injected rock-soil mass medium, the grout property and the grouting process. The technical problem of water-flowing grouting reinforcement of the water-rich fractured rock mass at the present stage is as follows: (1) the grouting position is high in concealment, the water area exploration is difficult, and the construction risk is high. (2) The groundwater space is replenished in a large range, and once the water inrush and mud inrush phenomena occur, the water inrush and mud inrush phenomena are difficult to stop automatically, so that the harm is huge. (3) The instability failure mechanism of the water-rich fractured zone rock mass under the comprehensive action of tunnel excavation and long-term osmotic pressure is complex, and catastrophe is difficult to early warn, prevent and control. (4) The risk is high, and rich water broken rock mass is in the groundwater seepage for a long time and under the groundwater ion erosion effect, rock mass property deterioration is serious, and catastrophe risk is higher under the construction disturbance effect. In a model test which is carried out aiming at the technical problem of water-rich fractured rock mass water-moving grouting reinforcement, the difficulty that the water-rich, ground stress and grouting state cannot be simultaneously and accurately simulated exists. Meanwhile, the grouting reinforcement research at home and abroad mostly focuses on water-rich fractured rock masses, sand layers and the like, and various defects exist in the aspect of a ubiquitous and difficult unfavorable geological grouting reinforcement model test and test method for water-rich broken surrounding rocks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a test device and a test method for a water-rich broken rock stratum flowing water grouting reinforcement model, which can effectively simulate the grouting reinforcement process of broken surrounding rocks under the complex working conditions of underground flowing water and ground stress and can effectively quantitatively research the grouting reinforcement effect of the water-rich broken rock stratum.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the dynamic water grouting reinforcement model test device for the water-rich broken rock stratum comprises a grouting model system, an underground dynamic water supply system, a grouting system, a ground stress loading simulation system, a monitoring system and a standard test piece processing system;
the grouting model system comprises a box body and a top plate, wherein the top of the box body is open, the box body is formed by assembling a plurality of ribbed steel plates, when a broken rock mass is contained in the box body, the top plate is embedded in the open of the box body for sealing, and the splicing seams of the steel plates are subjected to high-sealing waterproof treatment by adopting rubber pads and sealant;
a top plate of the grouting model system is provided with a water filling port, the side wall of the grouting model system is provided with a grouting port and a grout outlet, and the grouting port and the grout outlet are distributed up and down;
the underground flowing water supply system can be communicated with the water injection port through a water injection pipe to inject water into the grouting model system, the grouting system can be communicated with the grouting port through a grouting pipe to inject the slurry into the grouting model system, and the slurry outlet is connected with a slurry outlet pipe;
the ground stress loading simulation system loads a top plate of the grouting model system to simulate the formation pressure on the upper side of a grouting part;
the data monitoring system comprises an osmometer, a stress meter, a strain gauge, a flow meter and a grouting pressure monitoring meter;
the system for processing the standard test piece of the reinforcing body comprises a cutting machine, a core-taking machine and a grinding machine.
Furthermore, the underground flowing water supply system comprises a water tank, a water storage bag, a placing frame and a guide pipe with a sliding groove, wherein the water tank is arranged on the placing frame, the guide pipe is vertically arranged at the bottom of the placing frame, the water storage bag is sleeved outside the guide pipe, the water storage bag is connected with the water tank through a hose, one end of a water injection pipe is connected with the water storage bag, the other end of the water injection pipe is connected with a water injection port on a top plate of the grouting model system, and the water pressure required by the experiment is adjusted by adjusting the height of the water storage bag.
Furthermore, the grouting system consists of a pneumatic grouting pump, an air compressor, a stirrer, an air pressure regulating valve and a grouting barrel, wherein the air compressor is connected with the pneumatic grouting pump through the air pressure regulating valve, the pneumatic liquid injection pump and the stirrer are arranged in the grouting barrel, and the pneumatic grouting pump is connected with the grouting opening through a grouting pipe; and after the slurry is fully stirred in the grouting barrel through the stirrer, the slurry is conveyed into a grouting model system through a grouting pipe by a pneumatic grouting pump and an air compressor.
Furthermore, the ground stress loading system comprises a press machine main body, a data input recording device and a pressurizing plate, wherein the press machine main body is of a gantry structure, the grouting model system is located right below the press machine main body, the pressurizing plate is arranged at the loading output end of the press machine main body, the pressurizing plate is located above a top plate of the grouting model system, and the data input recording device is used for inputting loading pressure, strain and time required by a test.
Furthermore, the data monitoring system osmometer and the strain gauge are arranged in a grouting model system, the strain gauge is attached to an outer steel plate of the grouting model system, the flow meter is arranged on a pipeline communicated with a water injection pipe, a grouting pipe and a grout outlet, and the grouting pressure monitoring meter is arranged on the grouting pipe.
Furthermore, the water tank is a cylindrical structure with the radius of 200-.
Furthermore, the connecting pipelines of all connecting parts of the grouting system are reinforced pumping pipelines with the pressure resistance of more than 10 MPa, and the running water pumping pipelines are transparent steel wire spiral reinforced hoses with the pressure resistance of more than 4 MPa.
The invention discloses a test method for a water-rich broken rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model, which is used for carrying out a test by adopting the test device for the water-rich broken rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model, and comprises the following steps:
(1) assembling a grouting model system, namely assembling four side plates, namely a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate, a right side plate and a bottom plate of the grouting model system by using steel plates, clamping rubber pads between the steel plates to increase waterproof sealing performance and reduce friction, smearing rigid curing type sealant at joints of the steel plates in the grouting model system, screwing and fixing the steel plates by using fine steel screws, and ensuring that injected water and grout cannot overflow from the joints;
(2) crushing the complete rock mass, counting the size of the crushed rock mass, screening the crushed rock mass required by enough tests, soaking the screened crushed rock mass in water for 24 hours, then placing the soaked crushed rock mass into an open grouting model system, assembling a top plate on an opening of the grouting model system by using a steel plate, and embedding the top plate in an opening of a box body of the grouting model system for sealing;
(3) preparing an underground flowing water supply system, communicating the underground flowing water supply system with the water injection port through a water injection pipe, and injecting water into the grouting model system;
in the process, the water pressure and the water flow rate are controlled by adjusting the height of the flowing water supply system and the opening area of the section, so as to simulate the flowing water working conditions of different water pressures and flow rates of the water-rich broken surrounding rock, the pressure and the flow rate range of the designed water of the underground flowing water supply system are 0-5 MPa and 0-5L/min, and when water flows out from a slurry outlet on the side surface of the grouting model system, the inside of the grouting model system is kept in a full water state for more than 24 hours, so that the water-rich condition of the broken rock mass is achieved;
(4) preparing a grouting system, wherein the grouting system can be communicated with a grouting opening through a grouting pipe, and injecting the prepared grout into a grouting model system;
when slurry flows out from the slurry outlet, observing the indication of flowmeters on the grouting pipe and the slurry outlet pipe, and stopping grouting when the flow rate and the concentration of the grouting pipe and the slurry outlet pipe are similar;
(5) starting the ground stress loading simulation system to load the top plate of the grouting model system by the ground stress loading simulation system to simulate the formation pressure on the upper side of the grouting part;
(6) after grouting, maintaining the reinforcement body for 3 d, 7 d, 28 d or 91 d, starting the ground stress loading simulation system again, and detecting the stratum stability of the reinforcement body at different ages;
the grouting reinforcement body is cut into samples not smaller than 100 mm (length) multiplied by 100 mm (width) multiplied by 120 mm (height) by a manual cutting machine, a core taking machine is adopted to core the primary cut samples, the diameter of the samples after core taking is 50 m, and the height of the samples is larger than 115 mm; performing secondary cutting on the cored sample by using a cutting machine, wherein the diameter of the sample is 50 m, and the height of the sample is more than 110 mm; and (3) carrying out section grinding treatment on the sample subjected to secondary cutting by using a grinding machine, wherein the diameter of the sample of the reinforced body after grinding is 50 m, the height of the sample is 100 mm, and the two end faces of the sample are flat, so that the standard sample of the reinforced body of the water-rich fractured rock mass is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method comprises the following steps of putting broken rocks into a grouting model system, injecting underground simulation dynamic water with different water pressure and water speed working conditions into the grouting model system in advance through an underground dynamic water supply system, and carrying out stress simulation loading on a top plate of the grouting model system through a ground stress loading simulation system in the process of injecting grouting into the grouting model system by using the grouting system, so that the grouting diffusion and reinforcement process of the broken surrounding rocks under the underground complex dynamic water and ground stress working conditions can be effectively simulated, and the effective and quantitative scientific research on the grouting reinforcement effect of the water-rich broken surrounding rocks under the complex working conditions is facilitated;
2. the grouting model system is formed by assembling a plurality of ribbed steel plates, is convenient to disassemble, and can meet the model test requirements of crushing rock strata with different lithology, porosity, particle size distribution, filling media and other characteristic parameters; the ribbed steel plate can play a role of a hoop and has good compression resistance, rupture strength and durability;
3. the steel plate splicing seam in the grouting model system is subjected to high waterproof sealing treatment by combining the rubber pad and the curing type sealant, so that water and slurry injected by the device cannot overflow from a joint, the higher reliability of the device is ensured, and the accuracy of a model test of the device is improved;
4. the underground moving water supply system adopts the combination of the solid conduit with the chute and the water storage bag, simulates different height differences and moving water pressure by adjusting the height of the water storage bag, and simultaneously provides a method for adjusting the water injection pressure and the speed by combining a pneumatic grouting pump and an air compressor, so that the influence of complex underground moving water working conditions with different water pressures and flow rates can be accurately simulated in a multi-mode combination manner;
5. the grouting system adopts an air compressor and an air pressure regulating valve to regulate grouting pressure, and adopts a pressure gauge and a flowmeter to monitor the changes of pressure and flow rate in the grouting process, so as to achieve strict control on the whole experimental process;
6. the method for simulating the grouting reinforcement of the water-rich broken rock stratum under the working conditions of complex water pressure and ground stress and the preparation process and method of the standard reinforced body samples of the broken surrounding rock in different ages of 'primary cutting-coring-secondary accurate cutting-grinding', based on the method, the real strength of the water-rich broken surrounding rock reinforced body of the underground engineering can be reduced to the maximum extent, so that the stability of the water-rich broken surrounding rock reinforced stratum of the underground engineering can be accurately represented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for reinforcing a model by flowing water grouting of a water-rich fractured rock stratum, provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a grouting model system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of placement of osmometers and stress gauges provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection mode of front and rear side plates of a grouting model system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection mode of left and right side plates of a grouting model system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a top plate screw connection of a grouting model system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a solid tube and a water storage bag according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a standard specimen processing system for a reinforcement body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a cut reinforcement block according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a processed core according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the system comprises an air compressor, 2. an air pressure regulating valve, 3. a stirrer, 4. a pneumatic grouting pump, 5. a pressure gauge, 6. a grouting barrel, 7. a flow meter, 8. a grouting pipe, 9. a data input recording device, 10. a pressurizer main body, 11. a grouting model system, 12. a pressurizing plate, 13. a water injection pipe, 14. a grout outlet pipe, 15. a waste water barrel, 16. a cylindrical water tank, 17. a solid conduit, 18. a water storage bag, 19. a placing frame, 20. a parameter detector, 21. an osmometer, 22. a stress meter, 23. a broken rock mass, 24. a grouting port, 25. a fine steel screw a, 26. a water injection port, 27. a fine steel screw b, 28. a grout outlet, 29. a core fetching machine, 30. a cutting machine and 31. a grinding machine.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the dynamic water grouting reinforcement model test device for the water-rich fractured rock stratum provided by the invention comprises a grouting model system, an underground dynamic water supply system, a grouting model system 11, a ground stress loading simulation system, a data monitoring system and a reinforcement body standard test piece processing system.
As shown in fig. 2, 4, 5 and 6, the grouting model system 11 is formed by assembling a plurality of ribbed steel plates, the grouting model system 11 is composed of a box body with an open top and a top plate, and when a broken rock mass is contained in the box body, the top plate is embedded in the open top of the box body for sealing. The ribbed steel plate can play a role of a hoop and prevent the deformation of the box body in the grouting or pressurizing process. The rib width of the steel plate is 50 mm, so that the steel plate has good compressive strength and good bending strength. The different types, different sizes and different densities of broken rock masses can be placed in a grouting model system to simulate different broken rock stratums. In this embodiment, the front and rear side plates of the slip casting system 11 are connected into a whole by four steel plates through the fine steel screws a25, the left and right side plates are connected into a whole by eight steel plates through the fine steel screws b27, and more steel plates can be selectively spliced in specific operation to increase the internal volume of the box body. The adjacent side plates are connected through a fine steel screw b, and the side plates are connected with the bottom plate through the fine steel screws b. The sealing performance of the grouting model system is ensured through the rubber gasket between the steel plates and the sealant smeared on the inner ring of the device. The size of the top plate is 650 multiplied by 650 mm, a water injection port 26 with the radius of 25mm is arranged, the sizes of the front side plate and the rear side plate are 750 multiplied by 950 mm, a grouting port 24 with the radius of 25mm is arranged on the upper side part of one side plate, the sizes of the left side plate and the right side plate are 650 multiplied by 950 mm, a grout outlet 28 with the radius of 25mm is arranged on the lower side part of one side plate, and the grouting ports 24 and the grout outlet 28 are guaranteed to be distributed up and down.
The underground flowing water supply system comprises a water tank 16, a water injection pipe 13, a water storage bag 18, a placing frame 19 and a solid guide pipe 17 with a sliding groove, wherein the placing frame 19 is a support with the height of 3000 mm. The water tank 16 is arranged on the placing frame 19, the water tank is of a cylindrical structure, the radius of the water tank is 200 mm, the height of the water tank is 400 mm, the water tank is made of a transparent plastic plate, the bottom of the water tank is provided with a water outlet hole which can be opened and closed freely and has the radius of 20 mm, the solid guide pipe 17 is arranged at the bottom of the placing frame, the placing frame 19 can be tightly combined with the solid guide pipe 17, the solid guide pipe 17 is sleeved with the water storage bag 18, and the water storage bag 18 can move up and down relative to the solid guide pipe 17 to adjust the relative height. The water storage bag is connected with the water tank through a hose, one end of the water injection pipe 13 is connected with the water storage bag, and the other end of the water injection pipe is connected with a water injection port on a top plate of the grouting model system. The purpose of the tank is to simulate the flow of groundwater and to simulate different water pressures by adjusting the height of the water storage bag 18. The underground flowing water supply system can also be composed of a pneumatic grouting pump, an air compressor, an air pressure regulating valve, a water injection pipe and a water tank, water in the water tank is conveyed to a grouting model system through the pneumatic grouting pump and the air compressor through the water injection pipe, and the air pressure regulating valve is arranged at the front end of the air compressor, so that the effect of stabilizing the water injection pressure is achieved.
Slip casting system comprises air compressor 1, air pressure regulating valve 2, mixer 3, pneumatic grouting pump 4, slip casting bucket 6, slip casting pipe 8 and grout outlet pipe 14, and air compressor 1 connects through air pressure regulating valve 2 pneumatic grouting pump 4, pneumatic injection pump 4 and mixer 3 are installed in slip casting bucket 6, pneumatic grouting pump 4 passes through the slip casting mouth that slip casting model system 11 is connected to slip casting pipe 8. Flow meters 7 are installed on the grout pipe 8 and the grout outlet pipe to monitor the flow rate of the grout pipe 8 and the grout outlet pipe 14. After the slurry is fully stirred in the grouting barrel 6 by the stirrer 3, the slurry is conveyed to a grouting model system 11 through a grouting pipe 8 by a pneumatic grouting pump 4 and an air compressor 1.
The ground stress loading system comprises a press machine main body, a data input recording device and a pressurizing plate, wherein the press machine main body is of a gantry structure, the grouting model system is located right below the press machine main body, the pressurizing plate is arranged at the loading output end of the press machine main body, the pressurizing plate is located above a top plate of the grouting model system, and the data input recording device is used for inputting the pressure and time required to be loaded in a test.
The ground stress loading device comprises a data input recording device 9, a pressurizer main body 10 and a pressurizing plate 12, wherein the pressurizer main body 10 is of a gantry structure, a grouting model system 11 is located under the pressurizer main body 10, the pressurizing plate 12 is arranged at the loading output end of the pressurizer main body, the pressurizing plate 12 is located above a top plate of the grouting model system 11, and a stress loading simulation system can adjust the relative height of the pressurizing plate 12 to be suitable for the grouting model systems 11 with different heights, so that the top plate of the grouting model system 11 can be loaded conveniently through the pressurizing plate. The data input recording device 9 is arranged on the pressurizer main body 10 and used for inputting the pressure and time required to be loaded in the test.
The data monitoring system comprises a parameter detector 20, an osmometer 21, a stress meter 22, a strain gauge, a flow velocity meter and a grouting pressure monitoring meter. As shown in fig. 3, the osmometer 21 and the stress meter 22 are placed at the bottom of the grouting model system 11 and used for monitoring the magnitude of the osmotic pressure value and the stress value in the process. The strain gauge is attached to an outer steel plate of the grouting model system, the flow meter is placed on the water injection pipe, the grouting pipe and the grout outlet pipe, and the grouting pressure monitor is arranged on the grouting pipe. The osmometer 21, the stress meter 22, the strain gauge, the flow meter and the grouting pressure monitor are all electrically connected to the parameter detector 20, and the parameter detector 20 can monitor and statistically simulate parameters in the rich water and grouting processes and adjust and simulate the required water injection and grouting rate and grouting pressure.
The standard test piece processing system for the reinforcement body comprises a core taking machine 29, a cutting machine 30 and a grinding flat machine 31, wherein after a grouting reinforcement test is completed and the reinforcement body is maintained, the core taking machine 29 is used for taking cores of cut small blocks after the reinforcement body is cut by the manual cutting machine 30, and then the cutting machine 30 and the grinding flat machine 31 are used for cutting and grinding flat.
The invention discloses a test method for a water-rich broken rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model, which adopts the test device for the water-rich broken rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model for testing and comprises the following steps:
(1) assembling a grouting model system, namely assembling four side plates, namely a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate, a right side plate and a bottom plate of the grouting model system by using steel plates, screwing and fixing the steel plates by using fine steel screws, clamping rubber pads between the steel plates to increase the sealing performance and reduce the friction, and smearing rigid curing type sealant at the joints of the steel plates in the grouting model system to ensure that injected slurry and water cannot overflow from the joints;
(2) crushing the complete rock mass, counting the size of the crushed rock mass, screening the crushed rock mass required by enough tests, soaking the screened crushed rock mass in water for 24 hours, then placing the soaked crushed rock mass into an open grouting model system, assembling a top plate on an opening of the grouting model system by using a steel plate, and embedding the top plate in an opening of a box body of the grouting model system for sealing;
the selectable parts of rock mass and physical and mechanical properties of the invention are shown in the following table:
the proportion of the particle size interval of the fractured rock mass is shown in the following table:
| particle size | 0~1 | 1~3 | 3~10 | 10~20 | 20~50 |
| Distributed frequency | 0.01~0.02 | 0.02~0.05 | 0.05~0.1 | 0.25~0.35 | 0.6~0.7 |
(3) Preparing an underground flowing water supply system, connecting a water storage bag with a solid conduit through a chute, connecting the water storage bag with a water outlet hole at the bottom of a water tank through a hose, opening a water injection valve of the water tank, adjusting the height of the water storage bag, observing a pressure gauge to determine the water injection height when water pressure is required, closing the water outlet hole at the bottom of the water tank 16 when the water injection height required by a test is adjusted, connecting one end of a water injection pipe 13 with the water storage bag 18, and connecting the other end of the water injection pipe with a water injection port of a top plate of a grouting model system 11;
the water pressure value comparison table of the embodiment under different water injection height differences is as follows:
| difference in height of water injection (m) | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
| Water pressure (KPa) | 4.9 | 6.86 | 8.82 | 1.08 | 1.27 |
The water outlet hole at the bottom of the water tank 16 is opened again, so that water in the water tank is injected into the grouting model system through the water injection pipe, in the process, the flow rate of the water can be controlled by adjusting the size of the water outlet hole and the position of the water storage bag 18, and the different flow rate dynamic water working conditions of the water-rich broken surrounding rock are simulated, the pressure range of the water is designed to be 0-5 MPa, the flow rate range is 0-5L/min, when water flows out from the slurry outlet hole on the side face of the grouting model system, the inside of the grouting model frame is kept in a full water state for more than 24 hours, and the water-rich condition of the rock mass is ensured;
(4) preparing a grouting system, pouring prepared slurry ingredients into a slurry barrel 6, fully stirring by using a stirrer 3, opening valves of a grouting opening 24 and a slurry outlet 28 of a grouting model system 11, connecting one end of a grouting pipe 8 with a grouting pump 4, connecting the other end of the grouting pipe with the grouting opening 24 of the grouting model system 11, connecting a slurry outlet pipe 14 with the slurry outlet 28 of the grouting model system 11, and connecting the other end of the slurry outlet pipe 14 with a waste water barrel 15.
The standard table of the slurries formulated in this example is as follows:
the air compressor 1 is started, the grouting pressure is controlled within the range required by the test, the embodiment adopts constant pressure grouting, the grouting pressure is controlled at 0-3MPa, and the grouting rate is controlled at 5-20L/min. Injecting the uniformly stirred slurry into the grouting model system 11 through a grouting pipe by using the pneumatic grouting pump 4, observing the indication of flowmeters on the grouting pipe 8 and the slurry outlet pipe 14 when the slurry flows out from a slurry outlet, and turning off the pneumatic grouting pump 4 to stop grouting when the flow rate and the concentration of the grouting pipe 8 and the slurry outlet pipe 14 are similar;
removing the grouting pipe 8 and the grout outlet pipe 14, closing the valve, and repeatedly cleaning the pneumatic grouting pump;
(5) starting a ground stress loading simulation system, inputting the pressure required to be loaded in the test into the data input recording device 9, adjusting the height of the pressurizing plate 12, ensuring that the pressurizing plate 12 is in close contact with the top plate of the grouting model system 11, and avoiding the damage caused by the pressure of the pressurizing plate 12 acting on a rib plate; loading the top plate of the grouting model system by the ground stress loading simulation system to simulate the formation pressure on the upper side of the grouting part;
(6) after grouting, maintaining the reinforcement body for 7 d or 28 d, and starting the ground stress loading simulation system again to detect the stratum stability of the reinforcement body; if no problem exists, cutting the grouting reinforcement body into a sample of which the length is not less than 100 mm and the width is not less than 100 mm and the height is not less than 120 mm by using a manual cutting machine; a core taking machine 29 is adopted to take cores of the primary cut samples, the diameter of the samples after core taking is 50 m, and the height of the samples is 115-125 mm; performing secondary cutting on the cored sample by using a cutting machine 30, wherein the diameter of the sample is 50 m, and the height of the sample is 110-115 mm; a grinding machine 31 is adopted to carry out section grinding treatment on the secondary cut sample, the diameter of the ground reinforced body sample is 50 m, the height is 100 mm, and the two end faces are flat, so that a reinforced body standard sample of the water-rich fractured rock mass is obtained; finally, a reinforced solid sample of not less than 100 mm (length) × 100 mm (width) × 120 mm (height) taken in this example is shown in fig. 9, and a standard reinforced solid sample is shown in fig. 10.
According to the invention, broken rocks are placed into a grouting model system, underground simulation flowing water with different water pressure and water speed working conditions is injected into the grouting model system in advance through an underground flowing water supply system, and in the process of injecting the grouting into the grouting model system through the grouting system, the top plate of the grouting model system is subjected to stress simulation loading through a ground stress loading simulation system, so that the grouting diffusion and reinforcement process of broken surrounding rocks under the underground complex flowing water and ground stress working conditions can be effectively simulated, and the effective and quantitative scientific research on the grouting reinforcement effect of the water-rich broken surrounding rocks under the complex working conditions is facilitated.
Claims (9)
1. A test device for a water-rich broken rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model is characterized by comprising a grouting model system, an underground moving water supply system, a grouting system and a ground stress loading simulation system;
the grouting model system comprises a box body and a top plate, wherein the top of the box body is open, the box body is formed by assembling a plurality of ribbed steel plates, when a broken rock mass is contained in the box body, the top plate is embedded in the open of the box body for sealing, and the splicing seams of the steel plates are subjected to high waterproof sealing treatment by adopting rubber pads and sealant;
a top plate of the grouting model system is provided with a water filling port, the side wall of the grouting model system is provided with a grouting port and a grout outlet, and the grouting port and the grout outlet are distributed up and down;
the underground flowing water supply system can be communicated with the water filling port through a water filling pipe to fill water into the grouting model system, the grouting system can be communicated with the grouting port through a grouting pipe to perform grouting into the grouting model system, and the grouting port is connected with a grouting pipe;
and the ground stress loading simulation system carries out stratum stress loading simulation on a top plate of the grouting model system.
2. The test device for the water-flowing grouting reinforcement model of the water-rich broken rock stratum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the underground flowing water supply system comprises a water tank, a water storage bag, a placing frame and a solid guide pipe with a sliding groove, the water tank is arranged on the placing frame, the guide pipe is vertically arranged at the bottom of the placing frame, the water storage bag is sleeved outside the guide pipe, the water storage bag is connected with the water tank through a hose, one end of a water injection pipe is connected with the water storage bag, the other end of the water injection pipe is connected with a water injection port on a top plate of the grouting model system, and the water pressure required by the simulation experiment is adjusted by adjusting the height of the water storage bag.
3. The test device for the water-rich broken rock stratum water-moving grouting reinforcement model as claimed in claim 2, wherein the grouting system is composed of a pneumatic grouting pump, an air compressor, a stirrer, an air pressure regulating valve and a grouting barrel, the air compressor is connected with the pneumatic grouting pump through the air pressure regulating valve, the pneumatic injection pump and the stirrer are installed in the grouting barrel, and the pneumatic grouting pump is connected with the grouting port through a grouting pipe; and after the slurry is fully stirred in the grouting barrel through the stirrer, the slurry is conveyed into a grouting model system through a grouting pipe by a pneumatic grouting pump and an air compressor.
4. The test device for the water-rich broken rock stratum water-moving grouting reinforcement model as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ground stress loading simulation system comprises a press machine body, a data input recording device and a pressurizing plate, the press machine body is of a gantry structure, the grouting model system is located right below the press machine body, the pressurizing plate is arranged at a loading output end of the press machine body, the pressurizing plate is located above a top plate of the grouting model system, and the data input recording device is used for inputting the pressure, strain and time required to be loaded in the test.
5. The test device for the water-rich fractured rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a data monitoring system, wherein the data monitoring system comprises an osmometer, a stress meter, a strain gauge, a flow velocity meter and a grouting pressure monitoring meter; the seepage pressure gauge and the strain gauge are arranged in a grouting model system, the strain gauge is attached to an outer steel plate of the grouting model system, the flow meter is arranged on a pipeline communicated with a water injection pipe, a grouting pipe and a grout outlet, and the grouting pressure monitoring gauge is arranged on the grouting pipe.
6. The test device for the water-rich broken rock stratum dynamic water grouting reinforcement model is characterized by further comprising a reinforcement body standard test piece processing system, wherein the reinforcement body standard test piece processing system comprises a cutting machine, a core-taking machine and a grinding machine.
7. The test device for the water-rich fractured rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model as claimed in claim 6, wherein the water tank is of a cylindrical structure, has a radius of 200-600mm and a height of 500-1000mm, and is made of a transparent plastic plate.
8. The test device for the water-rich fractured rock formation flowing water grouting reinforcement model according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a connecting pipeline of each connecting part of the grouting system is a reinforced pumping pipeline with the pressure resistance of more than 10 MPa, and the flowing water pumping pipeline is a transparent steel wire spiral reinforced hose with the pressure resistance of more than 4 MPa.
9. A test method for a water-rich broken rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model is characterized in that the test device for the water-rich broken rock stratum moving water grouting reinforcement model according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used for carrying out a test, and the test method comprises the following steps:
(1) assembling a grouting model system, namely assembling four side plates, namely a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate, a right side plate and a bottom plate of the grouting model system by using steel plates, clamping rubber pads between the steel plates to increase waterproof sealing performance and reduce friction, smearing rigid curing type sealant at joints of the steel plates in the grouting model system, screwing and fixing the steel plates by using fine steel screws, and ensuring that injected water and grout cannot overflow from the joints;
(2) crushing the complete rock mass, counting the size of the crushed rock mass, screening the crushed rock mass required by enough tests, soaking the screened crushed rock mass in water for 24 hours, then placing the soaked crushed rock mass into an open grouting model system, assembling a top plate on an opening of the grouting model system by using a steel plate, and embedding the top plate in an opening of a box body of the grouting model system for sealing;
(3) preparing an underground flowing water supply system, communicating the underground flowing water supply system with the water injection port through a water injection pipe, and injecting water into the grouting model system;
in the process, the water pressure and the water flow rate are controlled by adjusting the height of the flowing water supply system and the opening area of the section, so as to simulate the flowing water working conditions of different water pressures and flow rates of the water-rich broken surrounding rock, the pressure and the flow rate range of the designed water of the underground flowing water supply system are 0-5 MPa and 0-5L/min, and when water flows out from a slurry outlet on the side surface of the grouting model system, the inside of the grouting model system is kept in a full water state for more than 24 hours, so that the water-rich condition of the broken rock mass is achieved;
(4) preparing a grouting system, wherein the grouting system can be communicated with a grouting opening through a grouting pipe, and injecting the prepared grout into a grouting model system;
when slurry flows out from the slurry outlet, observing the indication of flowmeters on the grouting pipe and the slurry outlet pipe, and stopping grouting when the flow rate and the concentration of the grouting pipe and the slurry outlet pipe are similar;
(5) starting the ground stress loading simulation system to load the top plate of the grouting model system by the ground stress loading simulation system so as to simulate the stratum stress on the upper side of the grouting part;
(6) after grouting, maintaining the reinforcement body for 3 d, 7 d, 28 d or 91 d, starting the ground stress loading simulation system again, and detecting the stratum stability of the reinforcement body at different ages;
in the step, the added solid is not damaged, and then a manual cutting machine is used for cutting the grouting reinforcement into samples of which the length is not less than 100 mm and the width is not less than 100 mm and the height is not less than 120 mm; coring the primary cut sample by using a core-taking machine, wherein the diameter of the cored sample is 50 m, and the height of the cored sample is more than 115 mm; performing secondary cutting on the cored sample by using a cutting machine, wherein the diameter of the sample is 50 m, and the height of the sample is more than 110 mm; and (3) carrying out section grinding treatment on the sample subjected to secondary cutting by using a grinding machine, wherein the diameter of the sample of the reinforced body after grinding is 50 m, the height of the sample is 100 mm, and the two end faces of the sample are flat, so that the standard sample of the reinforced body of the water-rich fractured rock mass is obtained.
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