CN109373328B - Vertical waste treatment furnace, waste treatment system and method - Google Patents
Vertical waste treatment furnace, waste treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109373328B CN109373328B CN201811489424.3A CN201811489424A CN109373328B CN 109373328 B CN109373328 B CN 109373328B CN 201811489424 A CN201811489424 A CN 201811489424A CN 109373328 B CN109373328 B CN 109373328B
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- grate
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- waste treatment
- bevel gear
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
Abstract
A vertical waste treatment furnace, a waste treatment system and a method thereof, wherein the vertical waste treatment furnace comprises a furnace cover, a furnace body and a furnace base, the furnace cover is fixed on a support and is provided with a feeding bin, the upper end of the furnace body is movably and rotatably connected with the furnace cover, and the lower end of the furnace body is fixedly connected with the furnace base; the furnace is characterized in that a flue gas treatment device is further arranged on the furnace cover, a first separation device is arranged between the flue gas treatment device and the furnace body and comprises a first separation plate, a cylinder and a baffle plate, a through hole for the flue gas of the gasification chamber to pass through is formed in the first separation plate, the cylinder is arranged on the upper surface of the first separation plate and surrounds the periphery of the through hole, the baffle plate is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder, and an exhaust port is formed in the cylinder. The vertical waste treatment furnace and the waste treatment system provided by the invention have the advantages of small occupied area, low cost and high waste treatment efficiency by the treatment method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vertical waste treatment furnace, a waste treatment system and a waste treatment method, and belongs to the technical field of waste treatment.
Background
The patent number is ZL 2017203491659's chinese utility model patent discloses a domestic waste gasification system of burning, including the gasifier, second combustion chamber 5, heat transfer device, deacidification tower 8, sack cleaner 9 and chimney 10, gasification incinerator includes a combustion chamber 3, the combustible gas that 3 pyrolyzations in a combustion chamber produced gets into second combustion chamber 5 through the gasification connecting tube 4 at furnace body top, the mixed overfire fan 17 oxygen suppliment of combustible component in the 5 flue gases of entering second combustion chamber, carry out oxygen boosting high temperature combustion, temperature control is at 850 ℃ -1100 ℃, flue gas dwell time is greater than 2 seconds, guarantee that combustible gas burns out. The high temperature flue gas that the second combustion chamber was discharged passes through heat transfer connecting tube 13 and gets into heat exchanger 6 and exhaust-heat boiler 12 rapid cooling, guarantees that the dioxin can not secondary generation, and the heat that the heat transfer produced carries out recycle. Then the flue gas enters an acid removal tower 8, is sprayed with alkali liquor to be mixed to remove acid, then enters a bag-type dust remover 9 to remove dust, and finally is sent into a chimney 10 by an induced draft fan 11 to be discharged.
The gasification furnace, the secondary combustion chamber 5, the heat exchange device, the deacidification tower 8, the bag-type dust remover 9 and the chimney 10 in the system are arranged in a split manner, so that the occupied area is large; the connection through a plurality of transverse pipelines is easy to scale, and the device is required to be cleaned frequently and is high in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the vertical waste treatment furnace, the waste treatment system and the method, the system has small occupied area, high waste treatment efficiency and low cost.
In order to achieve the object, the invention provides a vertical waste treatment furnace, which comprises a furnace cover, a furnace body and a furnace base, wherein the furnace cover is fixed on a support and is provided with a feeding bin; the furnace is characterized in that a flue gas treatment device is further arranged on the furnace cover, a first separation device is arranged between the flue gas treatment device and the furnace body and comprises a first separation plate, a cylinder and a baffle plate, a through hole for the flue gas of the gasification chamber to pass through is formed in the first separation plate, the cylinder is arranged on the upper surface of the first separation plate and surrounds the periphery of the through hole, the baffle plate is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder, and an exhaust port is formed in the cylinder.
Preferably, the rotary grate comprises a mounting bracket, a driving forward rotation grate provided with a slag discharge hole, a driven forward rotation grate provided with a slag discharge hole, a reverse rotation grate provided with a slag discharge hole and a driving mechanism, wherein a hollow fixed shaft is arranged in the center of the mounting bracket along the axial direction of the furnace body; the tail end of the fixed shaft is provided with a conical fire grate cap with a cavity, and the lower part of the fire grate cap is radially provided with a plurality of exhaust holes; the air guide pipe is communicated with the cavity of the grate cap through the cavity in the fixed shaft and is communicated with the air supply pump through the air guide pipe; the driving positive rotation fire grate and the driven positive rotation fire grate are fixed on the positive rotation shaft sleeve, and the positive rotation shaft sleeve is movably sleeved on the fixed shaft; the reverse rotation grate is fixed on the reverse rotation shaft sleeve, and the reverse rotation shaft sleeve is movably sleeved on the forward rotation shaft sleeve and is arranged between the driving forward rotation grate and the driven forward rotation grate; the driving mechanism simultaneously drives the driving forward rotation fire grate and the driven forward rotation fire grate to rotate forwards around the fixed shaft, and drives the reverse rotation fire grate to rotate backwards around the forward rotation shaft sleeve.
Preferably, the radius of the grate cap bottom, the radius of the driven forward-rotation grate and the radius of the reverse-rotation grate are increased in sequence.
Preferably, the periphery of the upper surface of the driving forward rotation grate and the periphery of the lower surface of the reverse rotation grate are respectively provided with a first annular bevel gear and a second annular bevel gear, the driving mechanism at least comprises a motor, a gear box and a bevel gear, the bevel gear is respectively meshed with the first annular bevel gear and the second annular bevel gear, the motor is connected to a shaft of the bevel gear through the gear box, the motor is electrified to rotate and drives the bevel gear to rotate through the gear box, so that the first annular bevel gear is driven to rotate forwards and the second annular bevel gear rotates backwards, the driving forward rotation grate and the driven forward rotation grate are further driven to rotate forwards around the fixed shaft, and the reverse rotation grate is driven.
Preferably, the periphery of the bottom of the grate cap, the periphery of the forward rotation driven grate and the periphery of the reverse rotation grate are provided with a plurality of teeth.
Preferably, a second partition device is further arranged in the flue gas treatment device, the second partition device divides the flue gas treatment device into a secondary reaction chamber at the upstream of the gas flow and a washing chamber at the downstream of the gas flow, the secondary reaction chamber comprises a second partition plate and a convex cap, an annular groove is arranged on the upper surface of the second partition plate, and the annular groove is communicated with a water outlet arranged on the side wall of the secondary reaction chamber; the exhaust pipe is arranged in the center of the second partition plate and communicated with the air storage chamber of the convex cap, and a plurality of exhaust holes are radially formed in the lower portion of the convex cap.
Preferably, a heat exchanger is further provided in the secondary reaction chamber, and air is preheated in the heat exchanger and then discharged from the furnace bottom into the rotary furnace.
Preferably, be provided with the defogging device in the exhaust vent department of washing chamber, the defogging device includes one or more defogging unit that parallel, and the defogging unit includes cartridge filter and the swirler that coaxial setting in turn, the cartridge filter includes inner tube and urceolus, be provided with a plurality of through-holes on the wall of inner tube, and be provided with the first manger plate ring of a plurality of downward slopping along the outer wall circumference of inner tube, the inner wall of urceolus is provided with the second manger plate ring of a plurality of downward slopping along circumference, and first manger plate ring and second manger plate ring are crisscross to be set up.
To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a waste treatment system including the vertical waste treatment furnace as described in any one of the above.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for treating wastes using the above waste treatment system, which comprises subjecting the wastes to pyrolysis gasification in a furnace to generate ash and synthesis gas; the material discharged from the gasification chamber is subjected to secondary oxidation in a secondary reaction chamber; the characteristics discharged from the secondary reaction chamber are washed by water or alkali to remove dust and acid gas; demisting the material discharged from the water washing chamber to obtain clean dischargeable gas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention aims to provide the vertical waste treatment furnace and the waste treatment system, which have the advantages of small occupied area, high waste treatment efficiency, low cost and high waste treatment efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a domestic waste gasification incineration system provided by the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the composition of a vertical waste treatment furnace provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the demisting unit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rotary grate according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another rotary grate provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the composition of a vertical waste treatment furnace according to a modification of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows a drive circuit of a motor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and for example, they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, directly connected, indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or communicated between two elements, and those skilled in the art may specifically understand the meaning of the terms in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the composition of a vertical waste treatment furnace according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the vertical waste treatment furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a furnace cover 300, a furnace body 200, and a furnace base 100, wherein the furnace cover 300 is fixed to a support and provided with a feeding chamber 301 in which a feeder is provided for crushing waste. The upper end of the furnace body 200 is movably and rotatably connected with the lower end of the furnace cover 300, and the lower end of the furnace body 200 is detachably connected with the upper end of the furnace base 100; the base 100 is also fixed to a support within which is located a rotating grate 110. Preferably, a flue gas treatment device is further disposed on the furnace cover 300, the flue gas treatment device comprises a housing 302, and a first separation device is disposed between the housing 302 and the furnace body 200. A second spacer is disposed within the housing 302.
The second partition means divides the housing 302 into a secondary reaction chamber 310 and a filter chamber 320. The furnace body 200 and the base 100 constitute a gasification chamber for processing wastes to be processed into slag and synthetic gas, the secondary reaction chamber 310 is used for performing oxidation treatment on substances discharged from the gasification chamber, and objects discharged from the gasification chamber into the secondary reaction chamber 310 include synthetic gas, harmful gas and fine solid particles. The gas discharged from the gasification chamber is oxidized in the secondary reaction chamber 310, and then enters the filter chamber 320 through the second partition device. The filter chamber 320 washes the gas discharged from the secondary reaction chamber 310 with water or alkali solution to remove dust particles and substances soluble in water or reacting with alkali carried in the gas; the lower part of the gasification chamber is provided with a rotary grate 110, and the rotary grate 110 enables waste thrown from a feed inlet to be uniformly arranged in the gasification chamber on one hand, and on the other hand, the rotary grate 110 breaks ash and discharges the ash into an ash hopper below the gasification chamber and further discharges the ash through an ash hopper opening. A liquid spraying pipe 303 is spirally arranged in the filtering chamber 320, a demisting device 400 is arranged at an air outlet, purified water or alkali solution is sprayed into the washing chamber through the liquid spraying pipe, and moisture contained in the gas which is pre-discharged into the washing chamber is removed through the demisting device 400; the secondary reaction chamber 310 is at least provided with an inner shell 304, a gap is formed between the inner shell 304 and the outer shell 302, a water jacket is formed in the gap through water flow, and the gap between the inner shell 304 and the outer shell 302 is communicated with a water outlet of the filter chamber 320. According to the invention, water or dilute solution which is washed by water and is gas flows into the gap, so that water resources are saved.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first partition means includes a first partition 201, a cylinder 202 and a baffle 203, the first clapboard 201 is of a double-layer structure, the periphery of the upper layer is hermetically connected with an inner cylinder 304, the periphery of the lower layer is hermetically connected with an outer cylinder 302, the center of the first clapboard 201 is provided with a through hole 204 for the smoke of a gasification chamber to pass through, a cylinder 202 is arranged on the upper surface of the first clapboard 201 and surrounds the periphery of the through hole 204, a baffle 203 is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder 202, and a smoke outlet is arranged on the cylinder 202, due to the arrangement of the first separating device with the structure, large-particle solid matters in the gasification chamber are blocked in the gasification chamber, the treatment is carried out in the gasification chamber, and the secondary reaction chamber is arranged at the upper part of the gasification chamber, so that no additional pipeline is needed for communication, the cost is reduced, and the dirt deposited on the pipeline can not be cleaned frequently. A rotary grate 110 is arranged below the gasification chamber, a fan 102 injects air into the gasification chamber through the rotary grate, a flow valve 103 and a flow meter 104 are arranged in a pipeline for injecting air into the fan 102, the flow valve 103 is used for controlling the flow of air supplied to the gasification chamber, and the flow meter 104 is used for measuring the flow of air in the pipeline. According to one embodiment of the invention, a temperature sensor probe for monitoring the temperature in the gasification chamber and a pressure sensor probe for monitoring the pressure in the gasification chamber are also provided in the gasification chamber, the temperature of the gasification chamber is typically controlled between 450 and 800 degrees celsius. In the process of starting operation, after the waste enters the feeding bin 301, the waste is continuously fed into the ash layer remained on the rotary grate 110 in the gasification chamber by the feeding machine arranged in the feeding bin to form a compatible layer, so that an initial deposition layer is formed. In the initial deposition layer, the waste in the compatible layer is brought into contact with combustion air, and the combustion is started from a combustible substance while consuming oxygen, and the fire species is retained together with a flame retardant substance to form a combustion layer. When the supply amount of the combustion air is 0.2 to 0.8 times the theoretical air amount, the combustion layer gradually expands toward the compatibility layer, but the expansion of the combustion layer is stopped by the exhaustion of oxygen in the combustion air. And when the expansion of the combustion layer is stopped, the compatible layer on the combustion layer is heated and baked by the combustion layer under the condition that oxygen hardly exists, so that the waste is promoted to be thermally decomposed to form a carbonization layer. In addition, the burned incineration ash in the combustion layer is gradually deposited to the ash layer. That is, in the incineration process, when the supply amount of the combustion air to the deposit is set to 0.2 to 0.8 times the theoretical air amount, the "compatible layer", "carbonized layer", "combustion layer", and "ash layer" are formed in the deposit from above. Because the carbonization layer which is substantially in the oxygen-free state is formed between the compatible layer and the combustion layer in the deposition layer, the phenomenon that inflammable matters in the compatible layer are instantaneously combusted can be prevented, and the combustion state tends to be stable.
In addition, the combustibles in the compatible layer are not instantaneously combusted, but are mostly contained in the waste directly from the compatible layer into the carbonized layer, from the carbonized layer into the combustion layer. Thus, the combustion heat in the combustion layer can be maintained. Further, in the carbonized layer, combustibles having a high calorific value contained in the waste are dried at a high temperature in a state where oxygen is insufficient for a long time to inhibit combustion, so that the combustibles in the waste are sufficiently thermally decomposed. As a result, the combustion of the waste can be promoted to be uniform, and the combustion heat in the combustion layer can be maintained, so that the amount of unburned substances remaining in the incineration ash residue to be finally discharged is very small. After a certain amount of incineration ash is deposited on the ash layer, the incineration ash is discharged to the funnel part through the rotary grate 110, and further discharged to the outside of the furnace through an ash discharge port at the lower end of the funnel part.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second partition means includes a second partition plate 305 and a convex cap 306, the periphery of the second partition plate 305 is hermetically connected with the inner cylinder 304, an annular groove 307 is provided on the upper surface of the second partition plate 305, the annular groove 307 is communicated with the gap between the inner shell 304 and the outer shell 302; the diameter of the bottom surface of the convex cap 302 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the annular groove 303, so that the sprayed liquid can slide through the convex cap 302 and directly flow into the annular groove 303. An exhaust pipe 308 is arranged in the center of the second partition plate 305 along the axial direction of the furnace body, the exhaust pipe 308 is communicated with an air storage chamber of the convex cap 306, and a plurality of exhaust holes are radially arranged at the lower part of the convex cap 306. The second separating device has a filter chamber 320 at the upper part and a secondary reaction chamber 310 at the lower part, and the waste is pyrolyzed and gasified in the gasification chamber to generate synthetic gas, unreacted gas and pyrolysis gas of organic compounds such as dioxin and the like, and then the synthetic gas, the unreacted gas and the pyrolysis gas enter the secondary reaction chamber 310 to be secondarily oxidized or combusted after passing through the first separating device. The air pump 309 discharges the oxidizing agent into the secondary reaction chamber 310 through an air inlet in a side wall of the secondary reaction chamber 310, and a flow valve 311 and a flow meter 312 are provided in a passage for introducing the oxidizing agent into the secondary reaction chamber, the flow valve 310 controlling a flow rate of the oxidizing agent supplied to the secondary reaction chamber 310, and the flow meter 312 monitoring the flow rate of the supplied oxidizing agent. According to one embodiment of the invention, a temperature sensor probe for monitoring the temperature in the gasification chamber and a pressure sensor probe for monitoring the pressure in the gasification chamber are also arranged in the secondary reaction chamber, and the temperature of the secondary reaction chamber is generally controlled between 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃. In the secondary reaction chamber 310, the synthesis gas, solid particles, etc. contain dust and acid gases such as any unreacted carbon that reacts with the oxidant to form carbon monoxide, or metal oxides formed by reacting volatile metal components with the oxidant, the gases including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and/or water vapor, and the gases are passed through a second partition means into a filter chamber.
The upper part of the second separator is a filter chamber 320, the top of the filter chamber 320 is provided with an exhaust port, the upper part of the side wall is provided with a water inlet, and the water pump 313 sprays clean water or alkali water solution into the filter chamber 320 through the annular water spray pipe 303. The gas generated after the synthesis gas and the oxidizer react again in the secondary reaction chamber 310 is discharged into the water washing chamber 320 through the exhaust port under the convex cap 306, and meets the water or alkali solution sprayed from top to bottom from bottom to top, and the dust and water-soluble substances carried by the gas or substances capable of reacting with the alkali are carried to the annular groove 307 by the water and then flow into the gap formed between the outer shell 302 and the inner shell 304. The gas is washed to remove the carried dust and water or alkali soluble substances and flows into the exhaust port, and the exhaust port is provided with a demisting device 400 which removes most of the moisture in the gas and converts the moisture into clean and relatively dry dischargeable gas which is discharged to the outside or downstream processing equipment. In the present invention, the outer shell 302 and the inner shell 304 are constructed of low carbon steel and lined with a suitable insulating/refractory material. The first and second spacers are constructed of mild steel and are clad with a suitable insulating/refractory material.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the defogging device includes one or more defogging units arranged in parallel, as shown in fig. 3, the defogging unit includes M (M is an integer greater than or equal to 1) filter cartridges 405 and M cyclones 406, the M filter cartridges 405 and the M cyclones 406 are alternately and coaxially connected, wherein the filter cartridges include an inner cylinder 407 and an outer cylinder 408, the inner cylinder 407 is provided with a plurality of through holes, and a plurality of first water retaining rings 409 inclined downwards are circumferentially arranged along an outer wall of the inner cylinder. The inner wall of the outer cylinder 408 is provided with a plurality of second water trap rings 410 inclined downward in the circumferential direction. The plurality of downwardly inclined first water retaining rings 40 and the plurality of downwardly inclined second water retaining rings 410 are alternately arranged and form a water flow channel. The gas treated by the filtering chamber flows from bottom to top to enter the pneumatic cyclone demisting unit, and then flows in a cyclone 406, smoke forms rotary ascending airflow in the cyclone, so that the centrifugal force of liquid drops in the gas is increased, the liquid drops move towards the cylinder wall of the filtering cylinder 405 under the action of the centrifugal force, then the gas passes through the filtering cylinder, most of the liquid drops can reach the filtering cylinder under the action of the centrifugal force, and enter the space between the inner cylinder 407 and the outer cylinder 408 through the cylinder wall of the filtering cylinder, and sequentially flow along the upper surface of the first water retaining ring 409, the upper surface of the second water retaining ring 410, and a gap formed between the first water retaining ring 409 and the second water retaining ring 410 and downwards flow along the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, so that the effect of reducing the concentration of fog drops at the outlet of a demisting device is achieved, meanwhile, the. Preferably, the cavity formed between the inner 407 and outer 408 cylinders is sealed at its upper end by an annular plate seal 414 and open at its lower end to communicate with the filter chamber 320.
The pneumatic cyclonic defogging unit also includes a flushing device including a flushing water tube 211 and a nozzle 212 disposed on a shaft 213. The flushing device is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and is used for flushing the filter cartridges at different positions respectively; the upper washing unit washes the top filter cylinder; the lower flushing unit flushes all remaining cartridges.
In the invention, the rotator plays a role of removing most of moisture contained in the gas to be exhausted on one hand, and on the other hand, the whole furnace body is ensured to be in a negative pressure state, so that the induced draft fan in the prior art is saved, and the cost is further saved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic composition diagram of a rotary grate provided by the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the rotary grate includes a cross support 111, a driving forward grate 112 provided with a slag discharge hole, a driven forward grate 113 provided with a slag discharge hole, a reverse grate 114 provided with a slag discharge hole, and a driving mechanism 115, the cross support 111 is fixed in a furnace base, and a hollow fixed shaft 116 is arranged at the center of the cross support along the axial direction of the furnace; the end of the fixed shaft 116 is provided with a conical grate cap 117 with a cavity, the lower part of the grate cap is radially provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, one end of the air duct 118 is communicated with the cavity of the grate cap 117 through the cavity in the fixed shaft 116, and the other end is communicated with an air supply source; the driving positive rotation fire grate 112 and the driven positive rotation fire grate 113 are fixed on a positive rotation shaft sleeve 119, and the positive rotation shaft sleeve 119 is movably sleeved on the fixed shaft 116; the reverse rotation grate 114 is fixed on a reverse rotation shaft sleeve 120, and the reverse rotation shaft sleeve 120 is movably sleeved on a forward rotation shaft sleeve 119 and is arranged between the driving forward rotation grate 112 and the driven forward rotation grate 113; the driving mechanism 115 simultaneously drives the driving forward-rotation grate 112 and the driven forward-rotation grate 113 to rotate forward around the fixed shaft 116, and drives the reverse-rotation grate 114 to rotate reversely around the forward-rotation shaft sleeve. Preferably, the periphery of the bottom of the grate cap 117, the periphery of the plurality of positive rotation driven grates and the periphery of the reverse rotation grate are provided with a plurality of teeth, the radius of the bottom of the grate cap 117, the radius of the driven positive rotation grate 113 and the radius of the reverse rotation grate 114 are sequentially increased, and a certain distance is arranged between the grate cap 117, the driven positive rotation grate 113 and the reverse rotation grate 114. Preferably, the periphery of the upper surface of the driving forward-rotation grate 112 and the periphery of the lower surface of the reverse-rotation grate 114 are respectively provided with a first annular bevel gear and a second annular bevel gear, the driving mechanism 115 at least comprises a motor, a gear box and a bevel gear, the bevel gear is respectively meshed with the first annular bevel gear and the second annular bevel gear, the motor is connected to the shaft of the bevel gear through the gear box, the motor is electrified to rotate and drives the bevel gear to rotate through the gear box, so that the first annular bevel gear is driven to rotate forward and the second annular bevel gear rotates backward, the driving forward-rotation grate 112 and the driven forward-rotation grate 113 are further driven to rotate forward around the fixed shaft 116, and the reverse-. Preferably, the periphery of the bottom of the grate cap 117, the periphery of the forward rotation driven grate 113 and the periphery of the reverse rotation grate 114 are provided with a plurality of teeth. In the invention, because the grate cap 117 is fixed on the bracket, the air source passes through the air duct, passes through the cavity in the fixed shaft 116 and is finally discharged from the exhaust hole at the lower part of the grate cap 117, the structure can not only prevent the air flow passage from being blocked by ash slag, but also ensure that the grate cap 117 provides a supporting force for a deposition layer, the driving forward rotation grate 112, the driven forward rotation grate 113 and the reverse rotation grate 114 can rotate more easily, thereby reducing the power of the driving motor. The driven forward-rotation grate 113 and the bottom of the grate cap 117 form shearing force to crush the slag, and the driven forward-rotation grate 113 and the reverse-rotation grate 114 form shearing force to crush the slag.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of another rotary grate according to the present invention, the rotary grate shown in fig. 5 is substantially the same as the rotary grate shown in fig. 4, except that the rotary grate shown in fig. 5 includes a plurality of driven forward-rotation grates, such as a driven forward-rotation grate 113 and a driven forward-rotation grate 121, which are both fixedly connected to a forward-rotation shaft sleeve 116, and a lower end of a grate cap 117 is also fixedly connected to the forward-rotation shaft sleeve 116, a circular through hole is provided at the center of the lower end plane of the grate cap 117, a bearing is provided in the through hole, and the end of the fixed shaft 116 is provided in the bearing. With the structure, the motor is connected to the shaft of the bevel gear through the gear box, the motor is electrified to rotate and drives the bevel gear to rotate through the gear box, so that the first annular bevel gear is driven to rotate forwards and the second annular bevel gear rotates backwards, the driving forward grate 112, the driven forward grates and the grate cap 117 rotate forwards around the fixed shaft 116, and the reverse grate 114 is driven to rotate backwards around the forward shaft sleeve 119. In the embodiment, the peripheries of the plurality of positive rotation driven grates and the periphery of the reverse rotation grate are respectively provided with a plurality of teeth, the radius of the bottom of the grate cap, the radius of the plurality of positive rotation driven grates and the radius of the reverse rotation grate are sequentially increased, and the structure can crush hard slag formed by coking into large blocks.
The rotary grate provided by the invention can enable the material fed from the feeding bin 301 to form a uniform settled layer under the condition that the furnace body does not rotate, avoids the phenomena of waste accumulation and temperature fluctuation in the furnace, reduces the phenomenon that residues are coked into massive hard slag, further enables the work to be more stable, accelerates the pyrolysis gasification speed and improves the efficiency.
There is also provided, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a waste treatment system including the vertical waste treatment furnace described above. The method for processing the wastes by the waste processing system comprises the steps of subjecting the wastes to pyrolysis gasification in a furnace body to generate ash and synthesis gas; the material discharged from the gasification chamber is subjected to secondary oxidation in a secondary reaction chamber; removing dust and acid gas from substances discharged from the secondary reaction chamber by water washing or alkali washing; demisting the material discharged from the water washing chamber to obtain clean dischargeable gas.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a heat exchanger is further provided in the secondary reaction chamber, and air is preheated by the heat exchanger and then introduced into the gasification chamber, thereby sufficiently utilizing heat energy.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the constitution of a vertical waste treatment furnace according to a modification of the present invention, and the vertical waste treatment furnace shown in fig. 6 is basically the same as the vertical waste treatment furnace shown in fig. 2 except that a pipe for introducing air into a gasification chamber is inserted from a slag discharge port of a furnace bottom and an air guide pipe is directly inserted into a cavity of a grate cap from a cavity of a fixed shaft of a rotary grate shown in fig. 5. The driving mechanism at least comprises a motor.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the motor of the driving mechanism for driving the rotary grate and the motor of the driving mechanism for driving the furnace body comprise at least a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator is provided with at least three windings, preferably five windings, and the stators are driven by asymmetrical driving circuits.
Fig. 7 is a driving circuit of the motor provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the driving circuit divides five ring windings L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 arranged in sequence along the circumference of the motor into two unequal groups, a main channel and a slave channel. The main channel comprises three coil windings L1, L3 and L5 which are connected with each other, the driving circuit comprises first to eighth electric switches K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 and K8, each two electric switches are connected in series and connected to two output ends of a first power source VCC1, wherein the first end of the first coil winding L1 is connected to the middle node of the first electric switch K1 and the second electric switch K2 which are connected in series, and the second end is connected to the first end of the third coil winding L3; a first end of the third coil winding L3 is connected to an intermediate node where the third electrical switch K3 and the fourth electrical switch K4 are connected in series, and a second end is connected to a first end of the fifth coil winding L5; a first end of the fifth coil winding L5 is connected to an intermediate node where the fifth electric switch K5 and the sixth electric switch K6 are connected in series, a second end is connected to an intermediate node where the seventh electric switch K7 and the eighth electric switch K8 are connected in series, and control ends of the first to eighth electric switches K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 and K8 are connected to a first phase driving circuit (not shown in fig. 7) to control on and off of the respective electric control switches, so that the dc voltage output from the first power source VCC1 is converted into ac voltage by the first to eighth electric control switches and supplied to the coil windings L1, L3 and L5. The slave channel comprises two coil windings L2 and L4 which are connected with each other, the driving circuit further comprises ninth to fourteenth electric switches K9, K10, K11, K12, K13 and K14 which are connected in series and are connected with two output ends of a second power supply VCC2, wherein, a first end of a second coil winding L2 is connected with a middle node of the ninth electric switch K9 and a tenth electric switch K10 which are connected in series, and a second end is connected with a first end of a fourth coil winding L4; the fourth coil winding L4 has a first end connected to an intermediate node where the eleventh electrical switch K11 and the twelfth electrical switch K12 are connected in series, and a second end connected to an intermediate node where the thirteenth electrical switch K13 and the fourteenth electrical switch K14 are connected in series. Control terminals of the ninth to fourteenth electric switches K9, K10, K11, K12, K13 and K14 are connected to a second phase driving circuit (not shown in fig. 7) to control on/off of the respective electric switches, so that the dc voltage output from the second power source VCC2 is converted into an ac voltage by the ninth to fourteenth electric switches and supplied to the coil windings L2 and L4.
According to the motor driving circuit provided by the invention, even if a certain power supply, an electric switch or a coil winding has a fault, the motor can normally work under the condition that other power supplies, electric switches and coil windings work normally, so that the working fault tolerance of the motor is improved, and the reliability is improved.
The working principle of the invention is explained in detail above with the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the description is for interpretation of the claims only. The scope of the invention is not limited by the description. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the disclosure of the present invention should be covered within the protective scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A vertical waste treatment furnace comprises a furnace cover, a furnace body and a furnace base, wherein the furnace cover is fixed on a support and is provided with a feeding bin, the upper end of the furnace body is movably and rotatably connected with the furnace cover, and the lower end of the furnace body is fixedly connected with the furnace base; the furnace is characterized in that a rotary grate is arranged in the furnace base, a flue gas treatment device is further arranged on the furnace cover, a first separation device is arranged between the flue gas treatment device and the furnace body and comprises a first separation plate, a cylinder and a baffle plate, a through hole for the flue gas of the gasification chamber to pass through is formed in the first separation plate, the cylinder is arranged on the upper surface of the first separation plate and surrounds the periphery of the through hole, the baffle plate is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder, an exhaust port is formed in the cylinder, a second separation device is further arranged in the flue gas treatment device and divides the flue gas treatment device into a secondary reaction chamber at the upstream of the air flow and a water washing chamber at the downstream of the air flow and comprises a second separation plate and a convex cap, an annular groove is formed in the upper surface of the second separation plate and is communicated with a water outlet formed in the side; the exhaust pipe is arranged in the center of the second partition plate and is communicated with the air storage chamber of the convex cap, and a plurality of exhaust holes are radially formed in the lower part of the convex cap; the diameter of the bottom surface of the convex cap is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the annular groove.
2. The vertical waste processing furnace according to claim 1, wherein the rotary grate comprises a mounting bracket, a driving forward-rotation grate provided with a slag discharge hole, a driven forward-rotation grate provided with a slag discharge hole, a reverse-rotation grate provided with a slag discharge hole and a driving mechanism, and a hollow fixed shaft is arranged in the center of the mounting bracket along the axial direction of the furnace body; the tail end of the fixed shaft is provided with a conical fire grate cap with a cavity, and the lower part of the fire grate cap is radially provided with a plurality of exhaust holes; the air guide pipe is communicated with the cavity of the grate cap through the cavity in the fixed shaft and is communicated with the air supply pump through the air guide pipe; the driving positive rotation fire grate and the driven positive rotation fire grate are fixed on the positive rotation shaft sleeve, and the positive rotation shaft sleeve is movably sleeved on the fixed shaft; the reverse rotation grate is fixed on the reverse rotation shaft sleeve, and the reverse rotation shaft sleeve is movably sleeved on the forward rotation shaft sleeve and is arranged between the driving forward rotation grate and the driven forward rotation grate; the driving mechanism simultaneously drives the driving forward rotation fire grate and the driven forward rotation fire grate to rotate forwards around the fixed shaft, and drives the reverse rotation fire grate to rotate backwards around the forward rotation shaft sleeve.
3. The vertical waste processing furnace of claim 2, wherein the radius of the grate cap bottom, the radius of the driven forward grate, and the radius of the reverse grate increase in sequence.
4. The vertical waste treatment furnace according to claim 3, wherein the periphery of the upper surface of the driving forward grate and the periphery of the lower surface of the reverse grate are respectively provided with a first annular bevel gear and a second annular bevel gear, the driving mechanism at least comprises a motor, a gear box and a bevel gear, the bevel gear is respectively meshed with the first annular bevel gear and the second annular bevel gear, the motor is connected to a shaft of the bevel gear through the gear box, the motor is powered to rotate and drives the bevel gear to rotate through the gear box, so that the first annular bevel gear is driven to rotate forward and the second annular bevel gear rotates backward, the driving forward grate and the driven forward grate are further driven to rotate forward around the fixed shaft, and the reverse grate is driven to rotate backward around the forward shaft.
5. The vertical waste disposer of claim 4, wherein the grate cap has a plurality of teeth on the outer periphery of the bottom, the forward and reverse grate, and the forward and reverse grate.
6. The vertical waste treatment furnace according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchanger is further provided in the secondary reaction chamber, and air is preheated in the heat exchanger and then discharged from the furnace bottom into the rotary furnace.
7. The vertical waste processing furnace according to claim 1, wherein a defogging device is disposed at an exhaust port of the washing chamber, the defogging device comprises one or more juxtaposed defogging units, the defogging units comprise a filter cartridge and a cyclone which are coaxially and alternately disposed, the filter cartridge comprises an inner cartridge and an outer cartridge, a plurality of through holes are disposed on a wall of the inner cartridge, a plurality of first water retaining rings which are inclined downwards are circumferentially disposed along an outer wall of the inner cartridge, a plurality of second water retaining rings which are inclined downwards are circumferentially disposed on an inner wall of the outer cartridge, and the first water retaining rings and the second water retaining rings are alternately disposed.
8. A waste treatment system comprising a vertical waste treatment furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A method of treating waste using the waste treatment system of claim 8, comprising subjecting the waste to pyrolysis gasification in a furnace to produce ash and synthesis gas; the material discharged from the gasification chamber is subjected to secondary oxidation in a secondary reaction chamber; the characteristics discharged from the secondary reaction chamber are washed by water or alkali to remove dust and acid gas; demisting the material discharged from the water washing chamber to obtain clean dischargeable gas.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811489424.3A CN109373328B (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | Vertical waste treatment furnace, waste treatment system and method |
| PCT/CN2018/121918 WO2020113684A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-19 | Vertical waste treatment furnace, and waste treatment system and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811489424.3A CN109373328B (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | Vertical waste treatment furnace, waste treatment system and method |
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| CN109373328B true CN109373328B (en) | 2020-05-08 |
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| CN109855103A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-06-07 | 北京航天国环技术有限公司 | A kind of dangerous waste plasma handling system |
| CN109899804A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-18 | 上海多灵环保工程设备有限公司 | A kind of waste incinerator with banking combustion function |
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| JP2000234714A (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-29 | Noriaki Tsujino | Flue tube thermal cracking furnace and recycling facility for wasted rubber product |
| CN102997248A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-27 | 浙江泰来环保科技有限公司 | Rotary fire grate |
| CN203771418U (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-08-13 | 浙江泰来环保科技有限公司 | Vertical rotating thermal pyrolysis combustion furnace |
| CN207596789U (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-07-10 | 中节能环保装备股份有限公司 | A kind of gasification furnace |
| CN209386305U (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-09-13 | 安徽航天环境工程有限公司 | A kind of vertical waste treatment furnace and waste treatment system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2002139209A (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-17 | Kenshi Kaku | Incinerator |
| CN201964423U (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-09-07 | 福建省丰泉环保控股有限公司 | Pyrolysis and pyrolysis gas secondary combustion integral burning equipment |
| CN105202545A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-30 | 碧海舟（北京）节能环保装备有限公司 | Garbage pyrolysis gasification incineration treatment device |
| CN105157034B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-09-29 | 洪知瑜 | Compoetely-closed multifunctional high speed incinerator and its production technology |
| CN206904985U (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-01-19 | 中央军委后勤保障部建筑工程研究所 | A kind of domestic garbage gasification CIU |
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- 2018-12-19 WO PCT/CN2018/121918 patent/WO2020113684A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000234714A (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-29 | Noriaki Tsujino | Flue tube thermal cracking furnace and recycling facility for wasted rubber product |
| CN102997248A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-27 | 浙江泰来环保科技有限公司 | Rotary fire grate |
| CN203771418U (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-08-13 | 浙江泰来环保科技有限公司 | Vertical rotating thermal pyrolysis combustion furnace |
| CN207596789U (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-07-10 | 中节能环保装备股份有限公司 | A kind of gasification furnace |
| CN209386305U (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-09-13 | 安徽航天环境工程有限公司 | A kind of vertical waste treatment furnace and waste treatment system |
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| WO2020113684A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
| CN109373328A (en) | 2019-02-22 |
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