CN109370739B - 一种酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体 - Google Patents

一种酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体 Download PDF

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CN109370739B
CN109370739B CN201811476323.2A CN201811476323A CN109370739B CN 109370739 B CN109370739 B CN 109370739B CN 201811476323 A CN201811476323 A CN 201811476323A CN 109370739 B CN109370739 B CN 109370739B
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高新蕾
吴莉
王婷婷
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Abstract

本发明提供一种酰肼基团(图1所示基团)作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体,其中,含酰肼基团的分子替代含磷酸酯基团的分子作为有效的润滑油添加剂,发挥减摩抗磨功能。本发明将具有酰肼基团的分子作为有效的润滑油减摩抗磨添加剂作用于润滑基础油偏苯三酸酯中,发挥和含磷酸酯基团的分子作为润滑油添加剂时的相同减摩抗磨作用,该类型润滑油添加剂的使用,同样能有效控制和减少以该类润滑油为润滑介质的摩擦副的摩擦磨损,提高润滑油的使用有效性和可靠性。酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体的发明可以减少设计性能优异的无磷减摩抗磨润滑油添加剂过程中需要合成和筛选的化合物的数量,提高润滑油开发的效率。

Description

一种酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体
技术领域
本发明涉及减摩抗磨润滑油添加剂技术领域,具体涉及一种酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体,开发无磷润滑油减摩抗磨添加剂分子。
背景技术
对于铁系材料,传统磷型润滑油添加剂是有效的润滑抗磨剂和摩擦减少剂。在性能优异的减摩抗磨润滑油添加剂分子结构中,磷元素一直被认为是在润滑过程中发挥重要作用的元素,例如在目前使用极其广泛的润滑油添加剂——二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZincDialkylDithiophosphates,简称ZDDP)中,或在于唯一能够在高扭转、低速操作下没有擦痕,金属表面没有皱痕的抗磨添加剂三烷基磷酸酯或三芳基磷酸酯中,或存在于高低温润滑脂的必要极压抗磨剂组分磷酸三甲酚酯中。这些研究都说明含磷原子及磷酸类基团具有良好的减摩抗磨特性,磷及磷酸类基团是一类性能非常优异的减摩抗磨活性元素或基团。
但随着环境问题的日趋严重,在控制环境污染过程中,磷元素在环境中的污染问题也不容忽视。磷元素造成的水体富营养化以及对土壤的污染(即向土壤中排放的物质超过了其本身的自净能力,土壤质量发生了不良变化)破坏了自然生态平衡,危害了人类健康和生存,也是必须引起我们足够重视的。为了降低环境污染,能否找到一种性能优异的无磷的润滑油减摩抗磨添加剂来替代现有的使用非常广泛的传统磷型润滑油添加剂,已成为润滑油发展的一种新的方向。
无磷的新的润滑油开发不能仅仅依靠传统的经验的研发方法,因此,利用摩擦学电子等排体理论,确认磷酸酯基团的摩擦学电子等排体就能快速、高效地筛选出有潜在减摩抗磨活性且无磷的化合物,得到达到环保要求的润滑油添加剂分子。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明提供一种酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体,快速、高效地筛选出具有潜在减摩抗磨活性且无磷的化合物,开发无磷润滑油减摩抗磨添加剂分子。
一种酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体,其特征在于非经典摩擦学电子等排体是指具有类似结构或物理化学性能的原子或基团,且具有相似的或相关的摩擦学性能。
一种酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体,其特征在于:酰肼基团是下式所示的基团:
Figure 785000DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
进一步的,酰肼基团是选自下式所示的分子:
Figure 577507DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
其中,R,R’或R”基团均选自烷基或芳基。
进一步的,所述酰肼基团选自的分子中R,R’或R”基团选自的烷基或芳基,其中烷基包括直链或支链的烷基。
一种酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体,其特征在于:磷酸酯基团是下式所示的基团:
Figure 357244DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
进一步的,磷酸酯基团是选自下式所示的分子:
Figure 627819DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
其中,R,R’或R”基团均选自烷基或芳基。
进一步的,所述磷酸酯基团选自的分子中R,R’或R”基团选自的烷基或芳基,其中烷基包括直链或支链的烷基。
进一步的,所述含酰肼基团的分子替代含磷酸酯基团的分子作为有效的润滑油添加剂,在润滑基础油偏苯三酸酯中,在特定工作状态下的发挥减摩抗磨功能。
进一步的,酰肼基团与磷酸酯基团为可替换的基团,且具有相似的摩擦学活性。
进一步的,通过酰肼基团与磷酸酯基团的基团替代,得到无磷润滑油减摩抗磨添加剂分子。
进一步的,所述的具有磷酸酯基团的减摩抗磨润滑油添加剂分子及摩擦学性能相似或更优异的无磷减摩抗磨润滑油添加剂分子可以是已知化合物也可以是未知化合物。
本发明方法基于摩擦学电子等排原理,将合成一系列的结构中包含作为磷酸酯基团的非经典摩擦学电子等排体——酰肼基团的分子,并替代具有磷酸酯基团的分子作为润滑油抗磨减摩添加剂,在润滑基础油偏苯三酸酯中,在特定工作状态下,发挥良好的摩擦学功能,替代传统磷型润滑油添加剂。该发明能有效避免新型润滑油减摩抗磨添加剂研发工作中大量的重复的实验室工作,将提高无磷润滑油减摩抗磨添加剂设计的效率,并降低研究成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明酰肼基团的结构式;
图2是本发明含酰肼基团的分子结构式;
图3是本发明磷酸酯基团的结构式;
图4是本发明含磷酸酯基团的分子结构式;
图5是本发明1%的不同减摩抗磨添加剂改性偏苯三酸酯所得润滑油在98N载荷下的摩擦系数随时间变化图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
摩擦学电子等排原理是在基本分子结构的可变部分,以摩擦学电子等排体相互置换,对具有良好摩擦学性能的分子进行结构改造,其中摩擦学电子等排体是指具有类似的电子结构的原子、基团和分子,或体积、电负性和立体化学等相近似的原子或基团,且具有相似的或相关的摩擦学性能。
尽管磷酸酯基团与酰肼基团具有某些相似的结构特征,如P和N属同一主族元素,均能与氧元素形成双键,P、N、O均有孤对电子,且磷酸基团与酰肼基团均能与金属离子桥连配位,是很好的桥连型配体;但不能确定他们是否具有相似的摩擦学性能,因此,在润滑基础油偏苯三酸酯中,在特定工作状态下的选取含酰肼基团的分子替代含磷酸酯基团的分子进行摩擦学性能的比较研究,发现润滑基础油偏苯三酸酯中,在特定工作状态下,酰肼基团是磷酸酯基团的非经典摩擦学电子等排体,发挥磷酸酯基团相似的减摩抗磨功能。
下面以实施例为例进行说明:
实施例
以具有较好摩擦学性能的具有磷酸酯基团的磷酸酯为模板,将磷酸酯中的磷酸酯基团替换成酰肼基团,得到新的分子结构,以期达到减少磷的含量同时制备摩擦学性能相似的分子结构。将合成的新的分子与模板分子的摩擦学性能的比较,结果如表1所示。
表1所列数据的摩擦学试验条件是:利用UMT-3型微摩擦试验机,分别测定1%的不同添加剂改性偏苯三酸酯(Trimellitate,TMT)所得润滑油在98N载荷下的摩擦学性能。试验时,使用NSK公司生产的51103型止推球轴承的一个钢球(直径为4.45mm)作为静试件,钢球的材质为100Cr6轴承钢,其硬度为63HRC,钢球的表面粗糙度Ra为0.020μm;与钢球配副的是止推球轴承的一个压盖的背面(圆环的平表面),它的材质也是100Cr6轴承钢,硬度为62HRC,它的表面粗糙度Ra 为0.749μm。圆环(止推球轴承压盖)作为旋转运动的盘试件,以50 r/min的转速旋转,环形摩擦路径的半径为11.5mm。试验载荷通过球试件的中心线垂直施加。试验历时为1h。被测试的润滑油液体被盛入特制的圆环夹持器附带的油池中,试验时球-盘摩擦副的摩擦表面应完全浸入试验液体中。试验在室温下进行。试验过程中,摩擦系数由电脑自动记录,然后求得平均摩擦系数。试验结束后,在读数显微镜下测量试验钢球(静试件)的磨斑直径,用于比较试验的不同润滑油的抗磨性能。
实验结果如表1所示,利用非经典摩擦学电子等排体原则,将磷酸酯中的磷酸基团替换成无磷的酰肼基团,形成替代分子及其同系物分子,试验数据说明具有酰肼基团的替代分子和原有的具有磷酸酯基团的模板分子摩擦学性能相似度非常高,且在此基础上得到了性能更加优异的替代分子同系物。如表1显示,具有酰肼基团的替代分子1与原来的具有磷酸酯基团的模板分子1减摩抗磨效果相似,且具有酰肼基团的替代分子同系物1比原来的具有磷酸酯基团的模板分子1减摩抗磨效果更好;具有酰肼基团的替代分子同系物2与原来的具有磷酸基团的模板分子2减摩抗磨性能相当;具有酰肼基团的替代分子3与原来的具有磷酸基团的模板分子3减摩性能相当,而具有酰肼基团的替代分子同系物3比原来的具有磷酸基团的模板分子3抗磨减摩效果更好;具有酰肼基团的替代分子同系物4比原来的具有磷酸酯基团的模板分子4的减摩效果更好。
因此在润滑基础油偏苯三酸酯中,在特定工作状态下,酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团非经典摩擦学电子等排体,发挥类似或更好的摩擦学性能,利用该非经典摩擦学电子等排体快速跟进并仿制摩擦学性能优良的化合物是完全可行的。
表1 1%的不同添加剂改性偏苯三酸酯(TMT)所得润滑油的摩擦学性能
Figure 442192DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团的非经典摩擦学电子等排体在润滑油中的应用,其特征在于:
所述酰肼基团是下式所示的基团:
Figure FDA0003123487500000011
所述酰肼基团是选自下式所示的分子:
Figure FDA0003123487500000012
所述磷酸酯基团是下式所示的基团:
Figure FDA0003123487500000013
所述磷酸酯基团是选自下式所示的分子:
Figure FDA0003123487500000014
其中,R,R’或R”基团均选自烷基或芳基,其中烷基包括直链或支链的烷基;
所述含酰肼基团的分子替代含磷酸酯基团的分子作为有效的润滑油添加剂,在润滑基础油偏苯三酸酯中,发挥减摩抗磨功能。
2.如权利要求1所述的酰肼基团作为磷酸酯基团的非经典摩擦学电子等排体在润滑油中的应用,其特征在于:酰肼基团与磷酸酯基团为可替换的基团,且具有相似的摩擦学活性,通过酰肼基团与磷酸酯基团的基团替代,得到无磷润滑油减摩抗磨添加剂分子。
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