CN109369948A - 一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN109369948A
CN109369948A CN201811038021.7A CN201811038021A CN109369948A CN 109369948 A CN109369948 A CN 109369948A CN 201811038021 A CN201811038021 A CN 201811038021A CN 109369948 A CN109369948 A CN 109369948A
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bacteria cellulose
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洪枫
袁海彬
张丽
方达通
陈琳
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用,所述抗菌水凝胶是由浸渍有聚乙烯醇的细菌纤维素BC膜置于硼酸溶液中而形成的BC‑PVA互穿网络复合体。本发明以硼酸同时作为交联剂和抗菌剂,不会破坏BC原有的结构;所得复合水凝胶具有优异的力学性能、良好的生物相容性和广谱抑菌性,并且通过选用不同浓度的PVA制备出不同性能的复合水凝胶,在抗菌功能敷料等领域具有良好的应用前景。

Description

一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于敷料领域,特别涉及一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
敷料是临床上广泛使用的一种用以治疗皮肤创伤的医用材料。传统使用的敷料主要包括纱布、绷带、水凝胶类敷料和泡沫类敷料等。敷料若能为创伤部位提供一个无菌且温和的环境将降低感染率,加快创伤的愈合。因此,具有抗菌性的功能敷料受到了人们关注,并研究开发出了一些新型抗菌敷料,如复合金属离子和天然有机抗菌剂等。但这些抗菌敷料具有一定的局限性,如重金属对人体有毒害作用,而其他抗菌剂对皮肤具有刺激性且不具广谱抗菌性等。
细菌纤维素(Bacterial cellulose,BC)是指在一定条件下,主要由醋酸菌属中的木醋杆菌分泌合成的纤维素的统称,是一种用途非常广泛的生物材料。与植物纤维素相比较,他们都是由吡喃型葡萄糖单体连接而成的直链聚合物,但细菌纤维素具有很多独特的性质,如纳米级三维网状结构,超强的持水性,纯度、结晶度高,弹性模量和抗张强度高,良好的生物相容性和可降解性等,已广泛应用于食品、造纸、医学材料等各个领域。BC作为创伤敷料能为创伤部位提供一个湿润且温和的环境,能够促进伤口愈合,减轻疼痛且不留痂,同时不会和创口粘连,避免换药时产生二次伤害。
聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)是由聚醋酸乙烯醇水解而成的水溶性聚合物,其化学性质稳定,通过交联后可获得的网状结构的水凝胶,有良好的生物相容性,作为智能生物材料及医用材料有着广泛的应用前景。单一的PVA水凝胶因其缺乏足够的力学强度而限制了其应用范围。细菌纤维素可作为水溶性高分子(如聚乙烯醇)复合膜中的增强纤维,这种复合膜应用广泛,尤其在医学方面,因此这种新型生物纳米材料的相关研究日益受到各国研究者的重视。
目前,细菌纤维素与聚乙烯醇复合的方法主要有冻融法和化学交联法。中国专利CN 102961784A公开了一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合材料及其制备方法和应用,利用冻融法制备出细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合材料;中国专利CN 101948597A公开一种湿法制备细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合膜的方法,以醛溶液为交联剂制备出了细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合膜。但是所述方法制备出来的细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合材料都不具有抑菌性,且冻融法制备过程复杂,得到的复合水凝胶结构不稳定;而一般交联剂的使用会影响BC的性能,且大部分交联剂具有毒性,不利于创面的恢复。
硼酸为临床上常使用的创口消毒液,其具有环境友好、性质温和、价格低廉和广谱抑菌等特性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法和应用,该抗菌水凝胶以硼酸同时作为交联剂和抗菌剂,不会破坏BC原有的结构,并且赋予了BC优异的抗菌性能。
本发明提供了一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶,所述抗菌水凝胶是由浸渍有聚乙烯醇的细菌纤维素膜置于硼酸溶液中而形成的BC-PVA互穿网络复合体。
所述聚乙烯醇的分子量为2~30万,聚合度为500~7000,醇解度为78%~99%。
本发明提供了一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,包括:
(1)配制质量浓度为1%~15%的聚乙烯醇水溶液;随后将细菌纤维素湿膜浸渍于聚乙烯醇水溶液中;
(2)将细菌纤维素湿膜再浸泡于硼酸溶液中进行交联反应,得到细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶。
所述步骤(1)中的聚乙烯醇水溶液的配制方法如下:称取聚乙烯醇放入去离子水中浸泡1~3小时,然后于95℃搅拌溶解,待溶液透明后,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液。
所述步骤(1)中的细菌纤维素湿膜的制备方法如下:以木醋杆菌为菌种,经液体培养基恒温静置培养形成凝胶状细菌纤维素膜,将细菌纤维素膜置于氢氧化钠溶液中,在80℃下处理3h后取出,用去离子水漂洗至中性,得到纯化的细菌纤维素湿膜。
所述步骤(1)中的浸渍时间为6~24h。
所述步骤(2)中的硼酸溶液的配制方法如下:称取2~4g硼酸溶解于100mL无菌水中,经0.22μm滤膜过滤后冷藏。
所述步骤(2)中的交联反应时间为10min~2h。
本发明还提供了一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶的应用,所述抗菌水凝胶应用于功能敷料领域。
有益效果
(1)本发明以硼酸同时作为交联剂和抗菌剂,不会破坏BC原有的结构,并且具有缓释效果;所得复合水凝胶具有优异的力学性能、良好的生物相容性和广谱抑菌性,并且通过选用不同浓度的PVA制备出不同性能的复合水凝胶,具有良好的应用前景;
(2)本发明制备所使用的材料(细菌纤维素、聚乙烯醇、硼酸)均为绿色环保生物材料,丢弃后在环境中能迅速降解,可作为一种性能良好且绿色环保的功能性抗菌材料和敷料;制备方法简单高效,绿色环保,成本低廉,可工业化生产。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中复合水凝胶与纯BC的外观对比图;
图2是实施例1中复合水凝胶与纯BC对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈效果图;其中,1为大肠杆菌,2为金黄色葡萄球菌;
图3是实施例1中复合水凝胶与纯BC的应力-应变曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
(1)配制质量浓度为1%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,其配制方法为:称取1g聚乙烯醇放入去离子水中浸泡1~3小时,然后于95℃搅拌溶解,待溶液透明后,制得聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)将恒温静置培养制得的细菌纤维素湿膜浸渍于步骤(1)的聚乙烯醇溶液中处理6小时;
(3)配制质量浓度为3%的硼酸水溶液,其配制方法为:称取3g硼酸溶解于100mL无菌水中,经0.22μm滤膜过滤后冷藏;
(4)将步骤(2)中的细菌纤维素湿膜浸泡于步骤(3)的硼酸溶液中进行交联反应20min后,形成细菌纤维素-聚乙烯醇互穿网络结构,制得细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶。如图2所示,本实施例制备的复合水凝胶对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌效果。表1显示,BC/PVA复合膜浸泡后残余的硼酸对大肠杆菌仍有88%的抑菌率,对金黄色葡萄球菌具有90%的抑菌率,而纯BC+硼酸(对照)仅分别为36和47%。
(5)将复合膜水凝胶从硼酸溶液中取出,冷藏保存。如图3所示,本实施例制备的复合水凝胶与纯BC相比较,力学性能得到明显增强。
为测试获得的复合水凝胶是否具有缓释效果以及缓释后的残余抗菌效果。将得到的复合水凝胶浸泡在100mL PBS缓冲液中24h,以检测水凝胶中硼酸的扩散快慢。浸泡结束后取出漂洗,作抑菌圈测试并比较浸泡前后水凝胶抗菌性能差异。纯BC于3%的硼酸溶液中浸渍24h后作为对照组。
力学性能测试方法:测试时所有样品均为湿态且裁剪成矩形(10mm×30mm)并夹于万能材料测试机夹头两端,夹距为10mm。样品厚度使用千分尺进行测量。测试时拉伸速度为50mm/min,每组样品重复5次平行测试并取平均值作为最后结果。
抗菌测试方法:吸取100μL细菌菌悬液(浓度约为106-108CFU/mL)滴于琼脂培养皿表面并涂布均匀,再将待测样品置于涂有细菌的琼脂培养皿表面并与其紧密贴合,于37℃培养24h后测量并统计抑菌圈半径大小。测试时所有样品尺寸均裁剪成直径为10mm的圆片,每组样品重复5次平行实验并取平均值作为结果。为比较各实验组之间抑菌率大小,抑菌圈半径最大的实验组抑菌率定为100%。纯BC于3%的硼酸溶液中浸渍24h后作为对照组。
实施例2
(1)配制质量浓度为5%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,其配制方法为:称取5g聚乙烯醇放入去离子水中浸泡1~3小时,然后于95℃搅拌溶解,待溶液透明后,制得聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)将恒温静置培养制得的细菌纤维素湿膜浸渍于步骤(1)的聚乙烯醇溶液中处理10小时;
(3)配制质量浓度为3%的硼酸水溶液,其配制方法为:称取3g硼酸溶解于100mL无菌水中,经0.22μm滤膜过滤后冷藏;
(4)将步骤(2)中的细菌纤维素湿模块浸泡于步骤(3)的硼酸溶液中进行交联反应30min后,形成细菌纤维素-聚乙烯醇互穿网络结构,制得细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶。
(5)将复合膜水凝胶从硼酸溶液中取出,冷藏保存。
(6)按照实施例1中的测试方法测试缓释性能、抗菌性能(表1)和力学性能(表2)。
实施例3
(1)配制质量浓度为10%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,其配制方法为:称取10g聚乙烯醇放入去离子水中浸泡1~3小时,然后于95℃搅拌溶解,待溶液透明后,制得聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)将恒温静置培养制得的细菌纤维素湿膜浸渍于步骤(1)的聚乙烯醇溶液中处理18小时;
(3)配制质量浓度为3%的硼酸水溶液,其配制方法为:称取3g硼酸溶解于100mL无菌水中,经0.22μm滤膜过滤后冷藏;
(4)将步骤(2)中的细菌纤维素湿模块浸泡于步骤(3)的硼酸溶液中进行交联反应1h后,形成细菌纤维素-聚乙烯醇互穿网络结构,制得细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶。
(5)将复合膜水凝胶从硼酸溶液中取出,冷藏保存。
(6)按照实施例1中的测试方法测试缓释性能、抗菌性能(表1)和力学性能(表2)。
实施例4
(1)配制质量浓度为15%的聚乙烯醇水溶液,其配制方法为:称取15g聚乙烯醇放入去离子水中浸泡1~3小时,然后于95℃搅拌溶解,待溶液透明后,制得聚乙烯醇溶液;
(2)将恒温静置培养制得的细菌纤维素湿膜浸渍于步骤(1)的聚乙烯醇溶液中处理24小时;
(3)配制质量浓度为3%的硼酸水溶液,其配制方法为:称取3g硼酸溶解于100mL无菌水中,经0.22μm滤膜过滤后冷藏;
(4)将步骤(2)中的细菌纤维素湿模块浸泡于步骤(3)的硼酸溶液中进行交联反应2h后,形成细菌纤维素-聚乙烯醇互穿网络结构,制得细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶。
(5)将复合膜水凝胶从硼酸溶液中取出,冷藏保存。
(6)按照实施例1中的测试方法测试缓释性能、抗菌性能(表1)和力学性能(表2)。
表1
表2
实验组 断裂应力(MPa) 杨氏模量(MPa) 断裂拉伸率(%)
BC 0.28±0.06 1.62±0.12 23±3
实施例1 0.79±0.04 4.69±0.26 22±2
实施例2 0.85±0.03 5.17±0.13 20±3
实施例3 0.89±0.06 5.56±0.21 18±2
实施例4 0.94±0.05 6.18±0.33 17±3
由表1可知,相比于纯BC负载的硼酸样品(对照),在经PBS缓冲溶液浸泡前,抑菌率相差不大,但是由于硼酸的渗出相对于对照的易释放变差,因此复合水凝胶的抑菌率略低。经PBS缓冲液浸泡释放部分硼酸后,本发明制备的复合水凝胶具有更好的抑菌剂缓释性,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均是对照的2倍以上;且随着PVA含量的增加(实施例1到实施例4),硼酸的缓释在增强,即硼酸的残留量增多,抑菌率上升。
由表2可知,复合水凝胶的力学性能比纯BC显著提升,断裂应力增强了2倍以上,杨氏模量提升了3倍以上。结果显示,拉伸强度随PVA含量的增加而增强,拉伸率变小。

Claims (9)

1.一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶,其特征在于:所述抗菌水凝胶是由浸渍有聚乙烯醇的细菌纤维素膜置于硼酸溶液中而形成的BC-PVA互穿网络复合体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯醇的分子量为2~30万,聚合度为500~7000,醇解度为78%~99%。
3.一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,包括:
(1)配制质量浓度为1%~15%的聚乙烯醇水溶液;随后将细菌纤维素湿膜浸渍于聚乙烯醇水溶液中;
(2)将细菌纤维素湿膜再浸泡于硼酸溶液中进行交联反应,得到细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的聚乙烯醇水溶液的配制方法如下:称取聚乙烯醇放入去离子水中浸泡1~3小时,然后于95℃搅拌溶解,待溶液透明后,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的细菌纤维素湿膜的制备方法如下:以木醋杆菌为菌种,经液体培养基恒温静置培养形成凝胶状细菌纤维素膜,将细菌纤维素膜置于氢氧化钠溶液中,在80℃下处理3h后取出,用去离子水漂洗至中性,得到纯化的细菌纤维素湿膜。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的浸渍时间为6~24h。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中的硼酸溶液的配制方法如下:称取2~4g硼酸溶解于100mL无菌水中,经0.22μm滤膜过滤后冷藏。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中的交联反应时间为10min~2h。
9.一种如权利要求1所述的细菌纤维素/聚乙烯醇抗菌水凝胶的应用,其特征在于:所述抗菌水凝胶应用于功能敷料领域。
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